INC Tripura Session 1939 | KPSC KAS Preparation: All subjects - KPSC KAS (Karnataka) PDF Download

Individual Satyagraha

• Gandhi initiated Individual Satyagraha as he was dissatisfied with the August offer.
• Individual Satyagraha was a form of protest that was limited, symbolic, and non-violent in nature.
• Gandhi personally selected the individuals, known as Satyagrahis, to participate in this movement.
  • Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first to offer Satyagraha and he was sentenced to three months of imprisonment.
  • Jawaharlal Nehru was the second participant and he was imprisoned for four months.
• The Individual Satyagraha campaign lasted for nearly 15 months.

Life and Contributions of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

• Joining the Indian National Congress: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose became a member of the Indian National Congress in 1927, aligning himself with the nation's struggle for independence.
• Inspiring the Masses: Netaji emerged as a significant source of motivation for the youth and the masses, encouraging many to actively participate in the national movement for freedom.
• Presidency of the Indian National Congress: Elected as the President of the Indian National Congress during the Haripura Session of 1938, Netaji assumed a pivotal leadership role within the party.
• Disagreement with Gandhi's Methods: Expressing dissatisfaction with the peaceful approach advocated by Mahatma Gandhi, Netaji sought more assertive methods in the pursuit of independence.
• Formation of the Forward Bloc Party: In 1939, during the Tripuri Session, Gandhi endorsed Pattabhi Sitaramayya for the presidential election, leading Netaji to establish the Forward Bloc Party within the Congress.
• Resignation from the INC: Despite winning the election by a narrow margin, pressure mounted on Netaji to resign from the Indian National Congress in 1939, subsequently succeeded by Rajendra Prasad as president.
• Anti-British Campaign: Initiating a vigorous campaign against British colonial rule, Netaji actively worked towards undermining British authority in India.
• House Arrest and Escape: Subjected to house arrest by the British in 1940 under constant surveillance, Netaji managed a daring escape from Calcutta, eventually reaching Germany to further the cause of Indian independence. 

The Indian National Army 1942

• Then, in 1942, Subash Chandra Bose traveled to Burma, which was under Japanese occupation at the time.
• During this period, Japan had taken custody of over 20,000 British Indian prisoners, who were subsequently released. Subash Chandra Bose leveraged this group to establish the Indian National Army.

Formation of the Indian National Army

• In 1943, Subash Chandra Bose relocated to Singapore, where he assumed leadership of the Indian Independence League from Rash Behari Bose.
• Subsequently, he became the Supreme Commander of the Indian National Army, also known as Azad Hind Fauj. He was affectionately referred to as Netaji. Under his command, a women's regiment, named after the Rani of Jhansi and led by Lakshmi, was formed.
• Netaji's slogan "Jai Hind" resonated across India, becoming a unifying cry for independence.
• Another famous rallying cry associated with Bose was "Delhi Chalo."

End of World War II and Aftermath

• In 1945, following Japan's surrender, Indian soldiers within the INA were apprehended.
• This period also saw the INA Trials and the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny in 1946, significant events that reflected the turbulent post-war era.