Handicrafts of Kerala | Kerala State PSC (KPSC) Preparation - Kerala PSC KAS PDF Download

Overview of Handicrafts in Kerala

• Kerala, often referred to as "God's Own Country," is celebrated for its rich tradition of handicrafts, which form an integral part of its cultural heritage. The region's unique arts and crafts are a magnet for enthusiasts and shoppers alike, showcasing the exceptional skills of its artisans. These craftsmen trace their heritage back to Vishwakarma, the divine architect. The crafts of Kerala include bell metal cast sculptures, pottery, wood and coir products, and murals.
• The prevalence of coconut trees in Kerala has led to the flourishing of coir and related products. Popular items include decorated mats and floor coverings. Kollam and Calicut are renowned for their coir products, while coconut shell items are also highly sought after in Kerala.
• Woodcraft is a renowned traditional craft of Kerala, evident in the many ancient temples and traditional homes throughout the state. A notable example of this craft is the Netturpetti, a nine-sided wooden chest designed for storing jewelry, which stands out as one of Kerala’s finest woodcrafts. Additionally, sandalwood products from Kerala, such as intricately carved boxes, candle stands, toys, and Kathakali dance dolls, are highly sought after.
• Bell metal craft is another significant art form in Kerala. This craft includes a variety of beautifully carved items such as idols, ritual temple lamps, church bells, ashtrays, fruit bowls, cooking vessels, jewel boxes, pickle jars, oil lamps, and tabletops. The Aranmula Kannadi, or Aranmula Mirror, made from a special metal alloy rather than glass, exemplifies a unique and secret metallurgical tradition.
• Lacquer ware, which combines metal and wood, is a popular craft among tourists, with a wide range of lacquer products produced, particularly in the Ernakulam district. Kerala also boasts an extensive collection of murals, second only to Rajasthan, with many murals depicting themes from epic stories.
• Other notable handicrafts from Kerala include metal and wood carvings (such as rosewood and sandalwood), metal jewelry, granite statues, elephant figures, coconut shell and coir products, colorful wall hangings, bags, snake boat models, and the intricately crafted wooden faces of Kathakali dancers.

Coir and Cane Products

• Kerala markets are brimming with coir and cane goods, including mattresses, painted mats, and various floor decorations.
• Kollam and Calicut stand out as prime locations for purchasing coir products.

Metal Ware Artistry

• Kerala's metal artistry exudes a unique allure, often utilizing bell metal—an alloy of brass, tin, and copper—to craft exquisite figures of celestial beings.
• Depictions like the 'tandava dance' are particularly popular.
• Noteworthy spots to acquire such metal figurines include Angadipuram, Payannur, and Trivandrum.
• The Aranmula metal mirror is a fascinating bell metal creation renowned for its beauty.

Ivory and Wood Crafts

• Ivory craftsmanship, deeply rooted in Kerala's culture, showcases intricate carvings of mythological figures.
• Woodwork in Kerala draws inspiration from Hindu mythology, with rosewood carvings adorning temples.
• Artisans craft a variety of items from sandalwood, such as ashtrays, toys, decorative boxes, candle stands, and statues of animals and cultural symbols like Kathakali dance postures.
• Wooden creations like paperweights, lamps, bookends, and other ornamental pieces add to the rich artistic tapestry of the region.

Handicrafts Sector in Kerala

Ivory Products

• Ivory products are significant in Kerala's handicraft industry. 
• Skilled artisans create intricate ivory carvings, representing a blend of tradition and craftsmanship.

Lacquer Ware

• Kerala is renowned for its lacquer ware, especially in Ernakulam district. 
• Craftsmen expertly combine metal and wood to produce a wide array of exquisite lacquer products.

Textiles

• Kerala offers a variety of textiles, including silk saris that are highly coveted. 
• Examples include the elegant Karaikudi saris with gold borders and the alluring Balaramapuram saris featuring pure zari borders.

Wood Craft

• Wood craftsmanship in Kerala is diverse and rich. Various types of wood such as sandalwood, white wood, country wood, and others are used to create a range of products like jewelry boxes, fans, and figurines.

Rosewood

• Rosewood refers to a richly hued timbers, brownish with darker veining. 
• Rosewoods are strong and heavy taking an excellent polish, being suitable for handicrafts items.

Sandalwood

• Sandalwood, known for its fragrance, is sourced from trees in regions like Southern India, Sri Lanka, and Australia. It finds applications in incense, aromatherapy, perfumes, and fine woodworking.
• The wood is highly valued for its Ayurvedic properties, often used for anxiety treatment. Additionally, sandalwood is utilized in crafting items such as jewelry boxes, fans, and figurines.

Handicrafts Sector Overview

• The handicrafts sector in Kerala employs approximately 1.7 lakh artisans, contributing significantly to the state's economy.
• Kerala boasts 32 distinct crafts, with ivory carving, wood and horn carving, bell metal casting, hand embroidery, and coconut shell carving being prominent commercial items.
• Government initiatives in Kerala focus on eliminating intermediaries, enhancing artisan skills, improving productivity, expanding market access, and strengthening cooperatives.
• Various schemes have been introduced to develop the sector, including cluster approaches, advanced tools and craft development centers, skill training, design innovation, marketing infrastructure creation, and craft tourism initiatives.

Handicrafts Sector Assistance and Schemes

1. Assistance to Apex Organisations in the Handicrafts Sector

This scheme provides support to key public sector and apex organizations in the handicrafts sector through feasible project proposals.
The organizations receiving assistance include:

• Handicrafts Apex Co-operative Society (SURABHI)
• Kerala State Bamboo Development Corporation (KSBC)
• Kerala Artisans Development Corporation (KADCO)
• Handicrafts Development Corporation (HDCK)
• Kerala State Palmyrah Products Development Welfare Corporation Ltd. (KELPALM)

2. Establishment of Common Facilities Service Centres for the Handicrafts Sector

• A significant challenge faced by artisans is the lack of accessible common centers where they can obtain affordable services and machinery. The establishment of Common Facilities Service Centres (CFSC) in selected crafts or areas is crucial. 
• These centers will offer training in handicrafts, quality testing, machine-based job work, dyeing, polishing, and printing. The scheme aims to develop and promote new designs and modernize the facilities of Surabhi, KADCO, HDCK, and KELPALM.

3. Assistance Scheme for Handicrafts Artisans (ASHA)

• This scheme focuses on generating employment in the traditional sector by implementing recommendations from the Mission on Employment Generation approved by the Government. 
• Funds are allocated for various activities and programs aimed at boosting employment opportunities in the traditional crafts sector.

4. State Awards for Craftsmen of Kerala

• The State Awards recognize and honor exceptional craftsmen in Kerala for their contributions and excellence in the field of handicrafts.

5. Cluster Development & Establishment of CFSC for Handicrafts Sector

• This initiative focuses on the development of craft clusters and the establishment of Common Facilities Service Centres to enhance the overall infrastructure and support for artisans in the handicrafts sector.