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Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE) PDF Download

Q1: The table lists two instrument transformers and their features:
Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)The correct matching of the two column is (2024)
(a) X matches with P and Q; Y matches with R and S.
(b) XX matches with P and R; Y matches with Q and S.
(c) XX matches with Q and R; Y matches with P and S.
(d) X matches with Q and S; Y matches with P and R.
Ans: 
(c)

Q2: A 200/1 Current transformer (CT) is wound with 200 turns on the secondary on a toroidal core. When it carries a current of 160 A on the primary, the ratio and phase errors of the CT are found to be -0.5% and 30 minutes respectively. If the number of secondary turns is reduced by 1 new ratio-error(%) and phaseerror( min) will be respectively (2006)
(a) 0.0, 30
(b) -0.5, 35
(c) -1.0, 30
(d) -1.0, 25
Ans:
(a)
Sol: Nominal ratio kn = 200/1 = 200
Primary current = I= 160A
Actual ratio Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)
%Ratio error Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)Actual ratio = R1 = 201
n1 = turn ratio = 200
Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)when number of secondary is reduced by 1

Ns = 199
N2 = 199
Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)Dividing equation (ii) and (iii),
Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)%Ratio error = Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)Phase angle error Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Reduction of one or two turns of the secondary winding, no doubt, reduces the ration error, but it has no effect on the phase angle error.

Q3: A 50 Hz, bar primary CT has a secondary with 500 turns. The secondary supplies 5 A current into a purely resistive burden of 1Ω. The magnetizing ampere-turns is 200. The phase angle between the primary and second current is 175.4°. The core flux in the CT under the given operating conditions is (2004)
(a) 0
(b) 45 μWb
(c) 22.5 m Wb
(d) 100.0mWb
Ans:
(b)
Sol: Zs = Burden = 1Ω
Voltage induced in the secondary
Es = I× ZS = 5 × 1 = 5V
Es = 4.44fϕmNs
Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Q4: A 50 Hz, bar primary CT has a secondary with 500 turns. The secondary supplies 5 A current into a purely resistive burden of 1Ω. The magnetizing ampere-turns is 200. The phase angle between the primary and second current is (2004)
(a) 4.6°
(b) 85.4°
(c) 94.6°
(d) 175.4°
Ans:
(a)
Sol: Phase angle between primary and secondary current
Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)No. of turns in primary = N= 1
No. of turns in secondary = Ns = 500
n = turn ration=turn ratio = Ns/Np = 500
I= secondary winding current = 5A
Magnetizing ampere turn = 200
Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Q5: A 500A/5A, 50 Hz transformer has a bar primary. The secondary burden is a pure resistance of 1 Ω and it draws a current of 5 A. If the magnetic core requires 250 AT for magnetization, the percentage ratio error is (2003)
(a) 10.56
(b) -10.56
(c) 11.8
(d) -11.8
Ans:
(b)
Sol: Nominal ratio = 500/5 = 100
Number of turn in primary N = 1 (primary bar)
Magnetizing current,
Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)Secondary current,
I= 5An = 500/5 = 100
Primary current,
Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)⇒ IP = 559.017A  
Actual ratio
Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)Ratio error
Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers | Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)

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FAQs on Previous Year Questions- Instrument Transformers - Electrical and Electronic Measurements - Electrical Engineering (EE)

1. What are instrument transformers and why are they used in electrical engineering?
Ans.Instrument transformers are specialized electrical devices used to step down high voltage or current levels to lower, manageable values for measurement and protection purposes. They allow for safe monitoring of electrical parameters in power systems without exposing measuring instruments to high voltages or currents.
2. What are the two main types of instrument transformers?
Ans.The two main types of instrument transformers are current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformers (VTs), also known as potential transformers. CTs are used to measure alternating current (AC) by producing a secondary current proportional to the primary current, while VTs measure voltage by stepping down high voltage to a lower value for instrumentation.
3. How do current transformers (CTs) work?
Ans.Current transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. They consist of a primary winding (which carries the current to be measured) and a secondary winding (which produces a current proportional to the primary current). The magnetic field created by the primary current induces a current in the secondary winding, allowing for measurement of the primary current without direct exposure.
4. What are the accuracy classes of instrument transformers, and why are they important?
Ans.Accuracy classes of instrument transformers define the precision of the measurement they provide. They are categorized based on the allowable error percentage at a given burden (load). Higher accuracy classes are crucial for applications requiring precise measurements, such as billing or protective relaying, ensuring that the instruments provide reliable data for system management.
5. What safety precautions should be taken when working with instrument transformers?
Ans.When working with instrument transformers, it is essential to follow safety precautions such as ensuring proper grounding, using appropriate protective equipment, and adhering to voltage ratings. Additionally, never open the secondary circuit of a CT while it is energized, as this can lead to dangerous voltage levels. Proper training and adherence to safety protocols are crucial to prevent accidents.
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