Mnemonic: Properties of Bulk Matter | Physics Class 11 - NEET PDF Download

Mnemonic: "Stress is Force, Strain is Change."

Mnemonic Explanation: 

a) Stress → Force

• Stress is the internal resistance offered by a material per unit area when subjected to an external force.
• Formula: $Stress$
• It represents how much force is acting on a specific area of the material.

b) Strain →  Change

• Strain is the relative change in the material’s shape or size due to applied stress.
• Formula: $Strain$
• It represents how much the material deforms (changes) compared to its original state.

2. Pascal’s Law

Pascal's Law states that in a confined fluid at rest, any change in pressure applied at one point is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. This principle is the basis for hydraulic systems.

Mathematically:

$P=\frac{F}{A}P\; =\; \backslash frac\{F\}\{A\}$

Where:

P: Pressure

F: Force

A: Area

Mnemonic for Pascal's Law: "Pascal's Pressure Spreads Uniformly"

Explanation of the Mnemonic:

1. Pascal's: Refers to Pascal's Law, the principle governing pressure in fluids.
2. Pressure: Indicates the external force applied to the fluid, creating pressure.
3. Spreads Uniformly: Highlights the key idea that the pressure change is distributed equally throughout the fluid.

Application:

• Hydraulic systems: Pascal's Law is the basis for devices like hydraulic lifts and brakes, where pressure applied at one point is transmitted evenly to perform work at another point.

3. Bernoulli's Principle:

Bernoulli's Principle states that for an incompressible, non-viscous fluid in steady flow, the sum of the pressure energy, kinetic energy per unit volume, and potential energy per unit volume remains constant along a streamline.

Mathematically:

$P+\frac{1}{2}\rho v\mathrm{<sup\; style="word-break:\; break-word;\; line-height:\; 1.8;\; font-family:\; Lato,\; sans-serif;\; font-size:\; 20px;\; letter-spacing:\; inherit;\; color:\; black;">2</sup>}+\rho gh=\; constantconstantP\; +\; \backslash frac\{1\}\{2\}\; \backslash rho\; v^2\; +\; \backslash rho\; gh\; =\; \backslash text\{constant\}$

Where:

• P: Pressure energy
• $\frac{1}{2}\rho v\mathrm{<sup\; style="word-break:\; break-word;\; line-height:\; 1.8;\; font-family:\; Lato,\; sans-serif;\; font-size:\; 20px;\; letter-spacing:\; inherit;\; color:\; black;">2</sup>}$: Kinetic energy per unit volume
• $\backslash rho\; gh$ρgh: Potential energy per unit volume

Mnemonic : Pressure Kicks Potential Constantly."

Explanation:

• Pressure: Refers to the Pressure  in Bernoulli's equation ($P$P).
• Kicks: Represents the addition of Kinetic Energy ($\frac{1}{2}\rho v\mathrm{<sup\; style="word-break:\; break-word;\; line-height:\; 1.8;\; font-family:\; Lato,\; sans-serif;\; font-size:\; 20px;\; letter-spacing:\; inherit;\; color:\; black;">2</sup>}$).
• Potential: Highlights the contribution of Potential Energy ($\mathrm{<span\; style="background-color:\; transparent;\; word-break:\; break-word;\; line-height:\; 1.8;\; font-family:\; Lato,\; sans-serif;\; letter-spacing:\; inherit;\; font-size:\; 20px;">\rho gh</span>}$$\mathrm{<span\; style="background-color:\; transparent;\; word-break:\; break-word;\; line-height:\; 1.8;\; font-family:\; Lato,\; sans-serif;\; letter-spacing:\; inherit;\; font-size:\; 20px;">)</span>}$
• Constantly: Sum is Constant.

Application:

• Airplane Wings (Lift Force):
  The curved upper surface of airplane wings creates faster airflow, reducing pressure above the wing compared to the bottom. This pressure difference generates lift.