BPSC (Mains) General Studies Paper - I with Solutions 2021 | BPSC Previous Year Papers - BPSC (Bihar) PDF Download

Q1: What were the causes of the Santhal revolt? What were its course and outcome?
Ans: The Santhal Rebellion (1855-56) was one of the earliest peasant uprisings in India, involving the Santhal tribe, which primarily resided in Bihar and was known for its agricultural practices. The rebellion was sparked by the Permanent Land Settlement of 1793, which had a detrimental effect on the Santhals' land holdings. Under British rule, the zamindars acquired lands from the British government and leased them to peasants, leading to the displacement of the Santhals from their ancestral lands.
The new system of land revenue collection increased taxes, while the zamindars, moneylenders, and even some Europeans, along with government officials, exploited the common people, particularly the Santhals. This led the Santhals to rebel against the zamindars, moneylenders, and traders. The Santhals took up guerrilla warfare, a new form of resistance for the region. They formed their own armies composed of peasants, attacking the oppressors and disrupting communication networks like railways and postal services. Despite the initial success of the rebellion, it was eventually suppressed by the British due to their overwhelming power.

• Causes of the Rebellion: The Santhals faced widespread exploitation. They were forced to pay excessive taxes and levies, and their land was taken away. Additionally, wealthy peasants encroached on their lands, and moneylenders charged exorbitant interest rates, which led the Santhals to refer to them as "dikus" (exploiters). The British also imposed forest laws, limiting the Santhals' access to reserved forests, further exacerbating their hardships.
  Moneylenders provided loans to the tribals at high-interest rates, trapping them in debt. European workers, especially those involved in railway construction, abused the Santhals, including the abduction of women and other forms of oppression. This treatment pushed the Santhals to the breaking point, leading them to rise up.
• Course and Outcome of the Rebellion: Under the leadership of Sidhu and Kanhu, around 6,000 Santhals gathered in Bhaginidih, armed with traditional weapons like bows and arrows, and sought to establish their own rule (Swaraj). Sidhu and Kanhu claimed that their god, Singh Bonga, had instructed them in dreams to fight against the "dikus" and restore justice.
  The British immediately imposed martial law in the region and sent Major Baro with 10 battalions to quell the uprising, but they were unsuccessful. Subsequently, a larger military force, led by Captain Alexander and Lieutenant Thomson, was dispatched to suppress the rebellion. This time, the British forces were able to overpower the Santhals. Over 15,000 Santhals, including Sidhu and Kanhu, were killed, and many others were arrested. The rebellion eventually came to an end.
• Consequences of the Rebellion: In the aftermath of the rebellion, the British enacted the Tenancy Law in the Santhal Pargana region, which established village headmen and officers with judicial and policing powers. The traditional Manjhi system, which had existed before the rebellion, was restored. Additionally, the area between Bhagalpur and the Rajmahal Hills in Singhbhum was designated as the Santhal Pargana and declared a Non-regulation district.

Q2: Examine the characteristics of the Birsa movement.
Ans: The Birsa Movement was a significant tribal religious and millenarian movement that emerged in the Bengal Presidency (now Jharkhand) during the late 19th century, under British colonial rule. During this time, tribes across various regions of India started rising in rebellion against colonial oppression. Birsa Munda, a leader and folk hero from the Munda tribe, was born in the mid-1870s and played a key role in this movement. Influenced by both missionary teachings and the ideas of a prominent Vaishnav preacher, Birsa emphasized the importance of purity and piety. He sought to reform Munda society by opposing not just the British, but also the missionaries, moneylenders, traders, and Hindu landlords who were exploiting his people.
Key Characteristics of the Birsa Movement:

• The spread of the Munda movement alarmed the British authorities, leading to Birsa's arrest in 1895, where he was imprisoned for two years. After his release in 1897, Birsa continued his campaign for tribal rights and reforms. His followers began to attack churches, police stations, and seize land and properties belonging to moneylenders and landlords.
• Birsa sought to reform tribal society by encouraging the Munda people to abandon superstitions like witchcraft and instead focus on prayer, abstaining from alcohol, having faith in God, and following a code of conduct. His call for social reform was paired with a strong resistance to the British colonial system.
• The movement, known as ‘Ulgulan’ or ‘The Great Tumult,’ was marked by a growing resistance to exploitation. Birsa’s campaign led to the passing of the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act in 1908, which sought to protect tribal lands from being taken over by non-tribals. Birsa rallied his followers using traditional symbols and language, urging them to defeat the "Ravana" (representing outsiders, including the British) and establish a tribal kingdom under his leadership.
• Birsa also criticized outdated customs, superstitions, and practices, calling for the removal of intoxication, animal sacrifice, and begging. He encouraged the worship of one God and promoted unity among different Adivasi communities, first under a shared religious movement and later as a unified political force.
• The movement gained momentum as Birsa's followers began targeting symbols of colonial power. They attacked police stations and churches, and raided the properties of moneylenders and zamindars. The white flag came to symbolize Birsa Raj, representing a vision of self-rule for the tribals.
• The British were forced to respond by passing laws like the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act of 1908 to prevent tribal land from being easily seized by outsiders. This movement demonstrated the capacity of the tribal people to resist colonial rule and demand justice.
• Unfortunately, the movement faded after Birsa's death in 1900, but it left a lasting impact. The Birsa Movement not only highlighted the exploitation faced by tribals but also proved their ability to challenge colonial rule and secure legal protections for their lands.

Q3: “Champaran Satyagraha was a watershed in the freedom struggle.” Explain.
Ans:

• The British East India Company's victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 marked the beginning of nearly two centuries of economic exploitation of India. Among the most affected by this were the poor peasants, artisans, and laborers, especially those working in the mines and plantations. The indigo plantations, in particular, became a symbol of long-standing oppression.
• In the Champaran district of Bihar, European planters obtained leases (known as thekas) for entire villages from the Bettiah Zamindari. As the demand for indigo increased, due to a rise in textile imports, the planters introduced the exploitative Tinkathia System. Under this system, peasants were forced to grow indigo on 3/20 of their rented land, often the best land available.
• Gandhiji returned to India in January 1915 after gaining experience in South Africa, where he had honed his methods of agitation and protest. Upon his return, he decided to spend a year traveling across India without taking any political stance. However, in 1917, he was asked to look into the plight of the farmers in Champaran, where European planters had been coercing peasants to cultivate indigo on part of their land.

Significance of the Champaran Movement:

• Gandhi traveled through the district, visiting various villages and learning firsthand about the peasants' suffering due to forced indigo cultivation. He was soon given an ultimatum by the British authorities to leave Champaran, but Gandhi refused. He stated that he was willing to face the consequences of his civil disobedience.
• When Gandhi was arrested, the peasants rallied in large numbers outside the jail, police stations, and courts to protest peacefully. This unexpected, non-violent form of resistance caught the British authorities off guard, and they were eventually forced to release Gandhi. He later remarked that this was India's first "direct object-lesson in Civil Disobedience."
• The success of the Champaran Movement solidified Gandhi's position as a powerful leader in India's struggle for independence. It was during this movement that he was first called "Bapu" and "Mahatma." His efforts led to the abolition of the exploitative Tinkathia System.
• Through the Champaran Satyagraha, Gandhi demonstrated that even the most powerful oppressors could be overthrown through non-violent resistance. His ability to organize the oppressed peasants and rally them against their exploiters also convinced the Indian National Congress to begin a mass movement against British rule. As a result, the Champaran Movement marked the beginning of the mass movement era in India's freedom struggle.
• From this point onward, ordinary people became an integral part of the national movement, and the Congress was able to create a genuinely mass-based movement. The Champaran Movement thus holds a key place in the history of India's independence, as it marked a turning point in the fight for freedom from British colonial rule.

Q4: Discuss Nehru’s views on communalism and secularism.
Ans:

• Secularism refers to the separation of religion from the affairs of the state. In a secular state, all religions are treated equally, especially when more than one religion exists in the country. The government’s decisions should not be influenced by religious beliefs. Secularism doesn’t oppose religion, but rather maintains the state's independence from religious control. In such a system, religious laws are often replaced by civil laws, which helps to reduce discrimination against religious minorities.
• Communalism, on the other hand, is the practice of shared ownership of property, where the community collectively shares the profits and losses. In communalism, different ethnic groups or communities have their own representatives, and they vote separately for their respective parties.
• Regarding Nehru's views on secularism and communalism, his most significant contribution to India and the world was his vision of a nation where people of all races, religions, colors, and castes could live together peacefully.
• Nehru was a rationalist who valued human values over religious dogma. His disagreements with those who emphasized religious rituals highlighted his strong opposition to superstition and unscientific views.
• His commitment to secularism was grounded in a humanistic approach to life, where the focus was on improving the present rather than worrying about an uncertain afterlife. Nehru’s belief in secularism was reinforced by his advocacy for scientific reasoning in everyday life. He understood that a society could only thrive if it was built on rational principles.
• Nehru's vision of secularism was rooted in the idea of fostering human development and national unity. He never used religion for political gain. His secular beliefs were shaped by the great traditions of India, not to oppose religion but to emphasize humanism and universal ethics as the guiding principles.

Q5: Bring out the main features of Patna Qulama Painting.
Ans:

• The Patna School of Painting, also known as Patna Qalaam, Patna Kalam, or Company Painting, was a distinctive style of Indian art that emerged in Bihar, India, during the 18th and 19th centuries. It was the world’s first independent painting school that focused on depicting the everyday lives of common people, a theme that helped Patna Kalam gain popularity. The main centers of this school were Patna, Danapur, and Amah.
• Features of Patna Kalam: Patna Kalam paintings were heavily influenced by Mughal art, which itself combined Persian and traditional Indian styles. The bright colors and fine lines used in Patna Kalam were inspired by Mughal painting techniques, but there were key differences. In Mughal art, the background and borders were as significant as the main subject, but in Patna Kalam, the background and borders were minimal, often left plain or white.
• The subjects of Patna Kalam paintings focused primarily on the lives of ordinary people, such as laborers, fish-sellers, and basket makers. Notable works in this style include Shivlala’s ‘Muslim Wedding,’ Ciopal Lai’s ‘Holi,’ and Mahadev Lai’s ‘Rani Gandhati.’
• One of the key distinctions of Patna Kalam was its focus on the subject matter itself. Unlike Mughal paintings, where the background and border were intricately designed, Patna Kalam paintings usually featured a simple or white background. Another hallmark of Patna Kalam was the absence of landscapes, foregrounds, or detailed backgrounds. The shading of solid forms also developed more in Patna Kalam, with artists using a direct brushstroke technique known as ‘Kajli Seahi’ to create the figures without first sketching with pencil outlines.
• In terms of materials, the colors in Patna Kalam paintings were made from natural sources such as plants, flowers, barks, and metals. The paintings are characterized by light-colored sketches and realistic depictions of life.
• Unlike the lavish Mughal miniatures that often depicted royalty, Patna Kalam focused on scenes from the daily lives of ordinary people, providing a vivid portrayal of Indian society at the time. These paintings became popular among the British, who often bought them as souvenirs, and many of the masterpieces are now housed in museums abroad.
• Today, Patna Kalam paintings can be seen in various museums in Britain and are part of private collections, mostly owned by foreign collectors. In Patna, art lovers can view them at places like the Patna Museum, the College of Arts and Crafts Patna, and the Khuda Baksh Oriental Public Library.
• Some of the celebrated artists of Patna Kalam include Sewak Ram (1770-1830), Hulas Lai (1785-1875), Jairam Das, Fakir Chand, Jhuinak Lai, Nityanand Lai, Tunni Lai, Shiv Lai, Shiva Lai, Mahadeo Lai, Shyam Bihari Lai, and many others.

Q6: Write short notes on any two of the follow ing:
(a) Gandhiji’s views on Satyagraha
(b) Jayaprakash Narayan and the Quit India Movement
(c) Suhhash Chandra Bose and the INA
Ans: (a) Gandhiji's Views on Satyagraha:

• Satyagraha, according to Gandhiji, is the application of the purest form of soul force to resist injustice, oppression, and exploitation. It is built on the principles of suffering and trust, with the intention of appealing to the heart and conscience of the opponent. Rather than harming the adversary, the goal is to overwhelm them with the power of innocence.
• Gandhi's concept of Satyagraha was a unique and revolutionary approach to resisting evil, forming the core of his philosophy and offering a fresh perspective in modern Indian political thought. Through Satyagraha, Gandhi sought to challenge any act that was unjust, impure, or untruthful.
• Satyagraha, according to Gandhi, is not only a right but also a duty of every individual. If a government fails to represent the will of the people and supports dishonesty and violence, it is the moral obligation of citizens to disobey such a government. However, those who seek to assert their rights must be prepared to endure all forms of suffering.
• The main goals of Satyagraha are threefold: first, it purifies the sufferer; second, it strengthens public opinion in favor of the cause; and third, it makes a direct appeal to the conscience of the oppressor.
• There are different methods of practicing Satyagraha. Fasting can be one such method, but it should only be used against those who are personally connected to the individual. Another technique could be voluntary migration, where one chooses to leave a situation as a form of protest.
• Gandhi’s Satyagraha was not intended to disrupt social and political order. A true satyagrahi must first show willing obedience to the laws of the state before resorting to civil disobedience.

(b) Jayaprakash Narayan and the Quit India Movement:

• Jayaprakash Narayan holds a unique place in modern Indian history, as he was actively involved in three major movements. He fought against British colonial rule during the Quit India Movement, took a stand against corruption and authoritarianism in the 1970s, and contributed to the Bhudan Movement in the 1950s and 60s, aiming for social change through the transformation of hearts.
• During the Quit India Movement of 1942, Jayaprakash’s leadership came to the forefront. Along with leaders like Ram Manohar Lohia and Aruna Asaf Ali, he took charge of the movement after the arrest of senior leaders.
• Jayaprakash was arrested under the Defence of India Rules, a preventive detention law that didn’t require a trial, and was imprisoned in Hazari Bagh Central Jail. During his imprisonment, he and his fellow prisoners devised a daring escape plan. On Diwali day in November 1942, when many guards were on leave, Jayaprakash and his companions made their escape, turning him into a folk hero.
• Following his escape, JP worked underground to support the Indian freedom struggle. He also organized the "Azaad Dasta" (freedom brigade) in Nepal, before being arrested again in September 1943. Despite being tortured by the British authorities, JP remained committed to the cause. After extensive negotiations by Gandhi, he and his fellow prisoner, Ram Manohar Lohia, were released in April 1946.

(c) Subhas Chandra Bose and the INA:

• Subhas Chandra Bose was not a political theorist but a dedicated leader focused entirely on achieving India's independence. The freedom struggle was his ultimate goal, and he used all his energy to overthrow British rule.
• The Indian National Army (INA), initially formed by Rash Behari Bose and Captain-General Mohan Singh in 1942, was revived by Subhas Chandra Bose on October 21, 1943. The INA played a significant role in military operations alongside Japanese troops, fighting against the British and Allied forces. It participated in battles in Burma, Imphal, and Kohima.
• The INA, during World War II, was an Indian military force that operated in Southeast Asia and was particularly active in Singapore. After its formation in April 1942, it was disbanded in August 1945. The army primarily consisted of nearly 45,000 Indian prisoners of war (POWs) captured by the British after the fall of Singapore on February 15, 1942, and was supported by the Japanese forces.

Q7: Which organization launched the world's first commercial rocket powered by biofuel ‘Stardust 1.0"? Explain in detail.
Ans: Stardust 1.0 was launched on January 31st from the Loring Commerce Centre in Maine, US, marking a milestone as the first commercial space launch powered by biofuel. Unlike traditional rocket fuels, biofuels are environmentally friendly and non-toxic. Designed primarily for student and budget payloads, Stardust 1.0 offers a more affordable and accessible option for space research.
Key Highlights: The rocket stands 20 feet tall and has a weight of around 250 kg. Its lower cost is due to the lack of expensive infrastructure typically required by larger rockets, making it a more viable option for a broader range of users.

During its first launch, Stardust 1.0 carried three payloads:

• A metal alloy designed to reduce vibrations.
• A CubeSat prototype built by high school students.
• A CubeSat acquired from the software company Rocket Insights.

The Stardust 1.0 launch vehicle is designed to cater to budget-conscious payloads. This makes it possible for students, researchers, and small businesses to conduct experiments and test products with greater ease and at a higher frequency.
Biofuels are hydrocarbons derived from organic materials—either living or once-living—within a short time span (from days to months). Biofuels can be solid, liquid, or gaseous:

• Solid: Wood, dried plant material, and manure
• Liquid: Bioethanol and biodiesel
• Gaseous: Biogas

Q8: Explain the 12th BRICS summit’s major emerging issues—partnership for global stability, shared security and innovative growth for the development.
Ans: BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) represents five major emerging economies that collectively account for 41% of the world's population, 24% of global GDP, and about 17% of world trade. These nations also contribute to 50% of global economic growth, cover 30% of the Earth's land area, and hold 13.24% of the voting power in international bodies.
Over the past five years, intra-BRICS exports have risen by 45%, and their share in total BRICS trade has increased from 7.7% to 10%. The GDP growth rate of the BRICS countries has also outpaced that of the global economy and the G7, with an average annual growth rate of 5.31%, according to the IMF. The 12th BRICS summit was held online, addressing key issues like terrorism, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the need for reforms in global institutions. Russia hosted and chaired the summit, and its theme was "Global Stability, Shared Security, and Innovative Growth."
Highlights from the 12th BRICS Summit:

• India emphasized that the biggest global challenge today is terrorism, calling for a unified approach to confront countries that support and sponsor terrorist activities. India urged that these nations should be held accountable.
• India also acknowledged Russia's support for the BRICS Counter-Terrorism Strategy and reaffirmed its commitment to this initiative. The summit reaffirmed the Brasilia Declaration, which condemned terrorism in all its forms, and stressed the importance of all countries refraining from supporting or tolerating terrorist activities, while taking necessary measures to prevent their territories from being used as bases for terrorism.
• The BRICS countries recognized their vital role in global recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic, given that they represent over 42% of the global population and are key drivers of the world economy. There is considerable potential for expanding mutual trade within BRICS nations.
• The summit also highlighted the need for greater cooperation in addressing the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. India, in particular, has contributed by supplying essential medicines to over 150 countries.
• India proposed strengthening intra-BRICS collaboration, especially in areas such as traditional medicine, digital health, people-to-people connections, and cultural exchanges.
• At the conclusion of the summit, the leaders adopted the Moscow Declaration, reaffirming their commitment to democratizing international relations and ensuring the development of global life under the principles of the UN Charter. They emphasized respect for the cultural and civilizational diversity of the world and the right of peoples to determine their own futures.

Q9: Examine the recent basic features and provisions of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana’ after the spread of COVID-19 pandemic with special reference to India. 
Ans: The "Atmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana" was launched to boost employment in the formal sector and encourage the creation of new job opportunities as part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Package 3.0 during the post-COVID recovery phase. The scheme will be operational from 2020 to 2023. Implemented through the Employees' Provident Fund Organization (EPFO), this initiative aims to ease the financial burden on employers across various sectors and industries, motivating them to hire more workers.
Beneficiaries under the Scheme:

• New employees earning a monthly wage of less than Rs. 15,000 who were not previously employed in any EPFO-registered establishment and did not have a Universal Account Number (UAN) before October 1, 2020. These individuals must join an establishment on or after October 1, 2020, and before March 31, 2022, and be assigned an Aadhaar-validated UAN.
• Employees who were members of EPF and had an existing UAN but exited employment between March 1, 2020, and September 30, 2020 (during the COVID-19 pandemic). If they rejoin any establishment on or after October 1, 2020, and before March 31, 2022, they will also be eligible. The incentive is paid by the Central Government and is credited upfront to the UANs of the new employees.

Under the Atmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana (ABRY), the government covers both the employees' share (12% of wages) and the employers' share (12% of wages) of the contribution, or just the employees' share, depending on the size of the EPFO-registered establishment.
Benefits:
The government will provide a subsidy for two years for new employees hired on or after October 1, 2020, and before June 30, 2021. The subsidy structure is as follows:

• Establishments with up to 1000 employees: The government will cover both the employee's contribution (12% of wages) and the employer's contribution (12% of wages), totaling 24% of the wages.
• Establishments with more than 1000 employees: The government will only cover the employee's EPF contribution (12% of wages).

The subsidy will be credited upfront into the Aadhaar-seeded EPFO account (UAN) of the eligible new employees.
This scheme aims to provide dual benefits: it encourages employers and business establishments to hire more workers while also helping a large number of job seekers secure employment in EPFO-registered establishments. It is expected that 99.1% of establishments will benefit from this scheme, covering an estimated 65% of employees in the formal sector, with the government providing subsidy support for EPF contributions.

Q10: Discuss between the India-Europcan (EIJ) Broad-based Trade and Investment Agree ment. 
Ans:

• The Bilateral Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) between India and the European Union (EU) covers a wide range of trade areas, including goods, services, and investment. India is a key trading partner for the EU, accounting for 13.5% of total trade in 2015-16, making the BTIA important for both parties.
• India and the EU aim to foster a model of growth that is equitable, socially inclusive, and broad-based. Both are committed to a rules-based international trading system and believe that deepening bilateral trade relations should complement, not undermine, the multilateral approach.
• The EU is India’s third-largest trading partner, with 11.1% of India’s total external trade, following China (12%) and the USA (11.7%). On the other hand, India is the EU’s tenth-largest trading partner, contributing 1.8% of its total trade in 2020. Since the first India-EU summit in 2000, bilateral trade in goods has grown from €25.6 billion to €77.77 billion in 2019, before declining to €65.17 billion in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Indian investments in the EU are mainly in sectors like IT, professional services, manufacturing, and automotive industries. Recently, Indian companies have been shifting focus to emerging sectors such as renewable energy, value-based manufacturing, financial services, and creative industries.
• The 15th India-EU annual summit was held in July 2020, after a two-year hiatus due to disagreements on trade and investment matters. The discussions covered a broad range of topics including goods, services, investment, trade barriers, customs, government procurement, intellectual property rights, and sustainable development. However, the talks revealed differences on several issues, such as intellectual property, data security, agriculture, and chemicals.
• The EU sought to include labor, environmental, and government procurement issues in the talks, while India pushed for more favorable work and study visa norms and data security status to facilitate outsourcing. The EU was not enthusiastic about these proposals.
• To move forward, India is advocating for a swift "early-harvest deal" with the EU, which could pave the way for a comprehensive, time-bound BTIA. The renewed focus on trade talks, especially after COVID-19 disruptions, underscores India’s commitment to a rules-based global trading system and its integration into the global value chain.

Q11: Discuss about ‘Hat it Bharat Sankalp’, a Mobile App, to promote environment protection and sustainability in India.
Ans:

• The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) recently launched the "Harit Bharat Sankalp," a nationwide tree plantation initiative aimed at promoting environmental sustainability. As part of this drive, NHAI successfully planted over 25 lakh trees along national highways between July 21st and August 15th, 2020. This brings the total number of plants planted in the current year to 35.22 lakh.
• The plantation effort was carried out across various regional offices of NHAI, working towards the collective goal of greening the national highways. Uttar Pradesh led the way with more than 5 lakh plants, followed by Rajasthan with over 3 lakh, and Madhya Pradesh with 2.67 lakh. To ensure the survival of the plants, a minimum height of 1.5 meters was mandated for avenue plantation along the highways.
• To track the growth and health of these plants, NHAI has developed a system where photographs and data for each plantation are uploaded every three months on their AI-powered Big Data Analytics platform, "Data Lake." Highway contractors are responsible for maintaining the plants and must replace any that are missing or dead. The contractors' payments will be linked to the survival and growth of the plants.
• In addition, NHAI has created a mobile application called "Harit Path" to monitor the progress of the plantation drive. The app tracks the location, growth, species, and maintenance activities of each plant, providing detailed data on targets and achievements for every field unit involved in the plantation projects.

Q12: The pie chart provided below gives the distribution of land in a village) under various food crops. Study the pie chart carefully and answer the questions given below:

Ans: (a) Combination of 3 crops that contributes to 50% of area under the food crops
= Rice + Wheat +Barley = 72 + 72 + 36 
= 180°
(b) Total area under Jwar = 1.5 million acres
the area under rice =?
There Jwar has 18° area out 360°
therefore 18° = 1.5 million
(c) If production wheat is 6 time of barley then ratio between yield / acres of wheat & barley wheat = 72, barley = 36, production of w heat =x
(d) If yield per acre o f rice is 50% m ore then barley, the prouction of barley is wheat % o f rice Barley = 36° Wheat = 72° Let 1.5 kg produced in 1° then total = 1.5 x 72 = 108 barley = 1 kg per 1°
(e) If total area increase by 5 % area under wheat increases 12%
If present area = 360
wheat increase by 12%
New angle of wheat in pie chart =
= 76.8°

Q13: The following line graph gives the percent profit earned by two companies X and Y during the period 1996-2001. Study the line graph and answer the questions that are based on it:

(a) If the expenditure of company Y in 1997 w as ? 220 crores, what was its income in 1997?
(b) If the income of tw o companies w ere equal in 1997, then w hat w as the ratio of expenditure of company X to that of company Y in 1997?
(c) The income of the companies X and Y in 2000 were in the ratio of 3 : 4 respectively. What was the respective ratio of their expenditures in 2000?
(d) The expenditures of companies X and Y in 1996 were equal anil the total income of the two companies in 1996 was ^ 342 crorcs. What was the total profit of the two companies together in 1996?
(e) The expenditure of company X in the year 1998 w as 200 crores and the income of company X in 1998 was the same as its expenditure in 2001. Find the income of company X in 2001.
Ans: (a) Expenditure in 1997 = 220 crore (Y company)
profit = 35% for 1997
∴ income = 135% of 220 crore
= 297
(b) Income is same in 1997 then ratio of expenditure X & Y
Let income is 100 Res
for company x
Similarly, for y = 35 =

(c) Income in 2000 X : Y = 3: 4
then ratio of expenditure ?
X profit = 65 % Y profit = 50%
Expenditure
for X crore 65 =for Y crore = (d) Expenditure of X and Y in 1996 are equel. Total increase of both = 342 core.
Let Expenditure is Ex and Ey 
∴ Ex = Ey
and Total Income lx + Iy = 342
now Ey = Ex 
& Iy = 342 - lx
⇒ (342 - lx) - Ex = 0.45 Ex - (2)
eq (1) and eq (2)
342 - 2 Ex = 0.85 Ex =>Ex = 120
put value of Ex on eq (1) then lx = 168
then Iy = 342 - lx = 342 - 168 = 174
Total profit = (168 -120) + (174 - 120) = 102 crore.
(e) Expenditur of X company in 1998 = 200 crore income of X in 1998 is same as expenditure in 2001 then income in 2001 =?
Ex = 200 (in 1998)
I = 110 + 200
= 310 (In 1998)
Now Ex in 2001 is 310
therefore income in 2001
7 = 31x5 + 310
= 155 + 310 
(In 2001) I =465 crore

Q14: Answer the following questions based on the information given below:
The first table gives the percentage of students in MBA class, who sought employment in the areas of finance, marketing and softw are. The second table gives the average starting salaries of the students per month (in ?) in these areas. The third table gives the number of students who passed out in each year.

(a) Calculate the numbers of students w ho get jobs in finance less than the students getting marketing job in five years.
(b) What was the percentage increase in the average salary of finance from 1992 to 1996?
(c) Find the average annual rate at which the initial salary offered in software increases.
(d) What was the average monthly salary offered to a management graduate in 1993?
(e) Calculate the difference in earning by students seeking jobs in finance from those opting for software (per annum) in 1994
Ans: (a) No. of students who get jobs in finance less than the students getting marketing job 5 years

now less no of student 14% of 900 = 126
31% of 650 = 201
20% of 11000 = 220
= no. of student in finance less the marketing is 763
(b) % increase in salary of finance from 1992 to 1996
salary in 1996 = 9810
(c) average annual rate at which initial salary offered in software increases
First calculate monthly annual increase by Subtracting previous year salary

= 837.50
(d) What was the average monthly salary offered to a management graduate in 1993
Solution (1) since salary of others is not give average can not be calculate
(2) If we consider other three stream average = = 5303.33
(e) Calculate the difference in earning by finance & software (per annum) in 1994 
Difference in salary (monthly) * 12 = (7550 - 7050) x 12
= 6000 /-

Q15: A soft-drink company prepares drinks of three different flavours-X, V' and Z. The production of the three flavours over a period of six years has been expressed in the bar graph provided below. Study the graph and answer the questions based on it:

(a) For which year, the percentage of rise/fall in production from the previous year is the maximum for the flavour Y?
(b) For which flavour the average annual production is maximum in the given period?
(c) The total production of flavour Z in 1997 and 1998 is what percentage of the total production of flavour Xin 1995 and 1996?
(d) What is the difference between the average production of flavour X in 1995, 1996 and 1997 and the average production of flavour Y in 1998,1999 and 2000?
(e) What w as the percentage decline in the production of flavour Z in 2000 as compared to the production in 1998?
Ans: (a)
Maximum fall is in 1996 to 1997 Change is 60 to 50
(b)
= 50
∴ flavour Y has maximum productivity (average)
(c) Total production of Z in 1997 & 1998 is what percentage of production of X in 1996 & 1995
(d) Difference betw een the average production of flavour X in 1995, 1996 and 1997 and the average production of flavour Y in 1998,1999 and 2000
(e) The percentage decline in the production of Z in 2000 as compared to production in 1998
= production in 1998 - production in 2000
= 60 - 40 = 20
Percentage change (decline) =