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Sources of Ancient History of Bihar

The ancient history of Bihar has been pieced together through various means, including archaeological evidenceliterary sources, and accounts from foreign travelers.

Archaeological Evidence

  •  Nalanda, Saran, Munger, and Vaishali are significant archaeological sites for the prehistoric phase in Bihar. 
  •  The archaeological remains from the Mauryan period (321-185 BC), including the ruins of the eighty-pillared hall, are located at Kumhrar in Patna. This site was excavated by David Brainard Spooner in 1912-13. 
  •  Polished pillars from the time of Ashoka were discovered at sites such as Vaishali, Lauriya Areraj, Lauriya Nandangarh, and Rampurva. 
  •  Remains of monumental buildings from the Kushana period were found at Chirand, while terracotta human figurines were discovered at Buxar and Patna. 
  •  Excavations at Nalanda and Vikramshila revealed impressive examples of Buddhist architecture, including shrines, stupas, and viharas from the Gupta and Pala periods. 
  •  The Pala-Sena School of Art thrived in Bihar, particularly in areas like Gaya, Nalanda, and Nawada. 

Inscriptions

  •  Inscriptions are important archaeological sources for Bihar, with the earliest deciphered inscriptions dating back to the time of Asoka. 
  •  Inscriptions on pillars, found in Lauriya Areraj, Lauriya Nandangarh, and Rampurva, were written in Brahmi script and Prakrit language during Emperor Asoka's period. 
  •  The Barabar Caves inscription near Gaya is a significant historical landmark for Bihar. 
  •  A later inscription on the Nagarjuni hills, attributed to Mauryan King Dasaratha, provides insights into the patronage of Ajivikas during that period. 
  •  Copper plate inscriptions from Gaya and Nalanda, along with seals found in Vaishali and Nalanda, belong to the Gupta period. 
  •  Inscriptions from Bodhgaya associated with Sri Lankan Monk Mahamana II, and copper plate inscriptions from Nalanda, Munger, and Bhagalpur, provide information about the Pala reign in Bihar. 
  •  Inscriptions belonging to the Pratiharas and Gahadavalas, such as the Gahadavala plate of Maner, describe the revenue system of Patna in the 12th century AD. 
  •  Other important inscriptions, like the Panchobha copper plate inscription of Samudra Gupta and various regional inscriptions, help reconstruct the political and administrative history of Bihar during the Gupta age. 

Coins

  •  Punch-marked silver coins were discovered in Golakpur, Patna, and Purnea. 
  •  Coins from Buxar and Chirand, dating to the Kushana Empire, indicate the extent of Kushana influence. 
  •  Gupta period coins were found in Hajipur, contributing to the understanding of this historical period. 

Ancient Archaeological Sites in Bihar
Sources of Ancient History | BPSC Preparation: All subjects - BPSC (Bihar)

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FAQs on Sources of Ancient History - BPSC Preparation: All subjects - BPSC (Bihar)

1. बिहार के प्राचीन इतिहास के प्रमुख स्रोत कौन-कौन से हैं?
Ans. बिहार के प्राचीन इतिहास के प्रमुख स्रोतों में पुरातात्विक साक्ष्य, प्राचीन ग्रंथ जैसे वेद, उपनिषद, महाभारत, और रामायण, तथा ऐतिहासिक लेखन शामिल हैं। इसके अलावा, बिहार की ऐतिहासिक स्थलों से प्राप्त कलाकृतियाँ और शिलालेख भी महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत हैं।
2. बिहार के प्राचीन राजवंश कौन से थे?
Ans. बिहार के प्राचीन राजवंशों में नालंदा, मौर्य, गुप्त, और पल्लव शामिल हैं। मौर्य साम्राज्य के दौरान चंद्रगुप्त मौर्य और अशोक महान ने बिहार को महत्वपूर्ण राजनीतिक और सांस्कृतिक केंद्र बनाया।
3. बिहार के प्राचीन इतिहास में Buddhism का योगदान क्या था?
Ans. बिहार प्राचीन भारत में बौद्ध धर्म का महत्वपूर्ण केंद्र था। यह गौतम बुद्ध का जन्मस्थान और बोधगया में बुद्ध को ज्ञान प्राप्ति का स्थल है। बौद्ध धर्म ने बिहार में शिक्षा, कला और संस्कृति के विकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।
4. बिहार की प्राचीन शिक्षा प्रणाली के बारे में क्या जानकारी है?
Ans. प्राचीन बिहार में नालंदा और तक्षशिला जैसे विश्वविद्यालयों की स्थापना हुई थी, जहां देश-विदेश के छात्र शिक्षा प्राप्त करने आते थे। इन विश्वविद्यालयों में दर्शन, विज्ञान, गणित, और चिकित्सा आदि विषयों की उच्च शिक्षा दी जाती थी।
5. बिहार के प्राचीन इतिहास में जैन धर्म का स्थान क्या है?
Ans. बिहार में जैन धर्म का भी महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। महावीर, जो जैन धर्म के 24वें तीर्थंकर थे, का जन्म वैशाली में हुआ था। जैन धर्म के सिद्धांत और शिक्षाएँ बिहार की संस्कृति और समाज में गहराई से समाहित हैं।
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