CBSE Class 7 > Class 7 Notes > Social Studies (SST) (Old NCERT) > Unit Test (Solutions): The Mughals (16th to 17th Century)
Unit Test (Solutions): The Mughals (16th to 17th Century)
Time Limit: 1 Hour
Total Marks: 30
Attempt all questions.
- Question numbers 1 to 5 carry 1 mark each.
- Question numbers 6 to 8 carry 2 marks each.
- Question numbers 9 to 11 carry 3 marks each.
- Question number 12 & 13 carry 5 marks each.
Q1: Which battle marked the foundation of the Mughal Empire in India? (1 Mark)
(a) Battle of Haldighati
(b) Battle of Chausa
(c) Battle of Panipat (1526)
(d) Battle of Plassey
Ans: (c) Battle of Panipat (1526)
Q2: Fill in the blank: The Mughals followed the ________ system of inheritance, where all sons had a claim to the throne. (1 Mark)
Ans: Coparcenary inheritance
The Mughals followed the coparcenary system of inheritance, where all sons had a claim to the throne.
Q3: Who introduced the zabt system for revenue collection in the Mughal Empire? (1 Mark)
(a) Akbar
(b) Babur
(c) Aurangzeb
(d) Shah Jahan
Ans: (a) Akbar
Q4: Which of the following Mughal emperors constructed the Red Fort in Delhi? (1 Mark)
(a) Babur
(b) Akbar
(c) Shah Jahan
(d) Aurangzeb
Ans: (c) Shah Jahan
Q5: Name the revenue officer under Akbar who played a major role in introducing the zabt system. (1 Mark)
Ans: Todar Mal
Q6: What were the key challenges faced by Babur in establishing the Mughal Empire? (2 Marks)
Ans:
- Babur lost his ancestral kingdom in Central Asia due to the Uzbeg invasion.
- He had to fight strong regional rulers such as Ibrahim Lodi (1526) and Rana Sanga (1527) to secure control over India.
Q7: How did the Mughal policy towards the Rajputs help in the expansion of the empire? (2 Marks)
Ans:
- Akbar established alliances with Rajput rulers-especially the Kachwahas of Amber-by giving them high mansabs and important positions in administration.
- These alliances created stability and strengthened the Mughal Empire, while only a few such as the Sisodiyas of Mewar continued to resist.
Q8: What was the role of jagirdars in the Mughal administrative system? (2 Marks)
Ans:
- Jagirdars were assigned temporary land holdings (jagirs) and were responsible for collecting revenue.
- They used the collected revenue to maintain soldiers and manage local administration.
Q9: Describe the main features of Akbar's Sulh-i kul policy. (3 Marks)
Ans:
- Meaning: Sulh-i kul means "universal peace," promoting tolerance among all religions.
- Implementation: Abolition of jizya and encouragement of interfaith debates.
- Impact: Reduced religious conflict and helped unify the diverse population.
Q10: Explain the Mansabdari system and its impact on the Mughal Empire. (3 Marks)
Ans:
- Definition: A military-administrative system assigning ranks (mansabs) to nobles.
- Military Role: Mansabdars had to maintain a fixed number of cavalrymen.
- Economic Impact: An Increasing number of mansabdars caused financial strain on the empire.
Q11: Discuss the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries. (3 Marks)
Ans:
- Administrative Weakness: The increasing number of mansabdars and the shortage of jagirs led to corruption and weak control by later Mughal emperors.
- Revenue Crisis and Peasant Revolts: Excessive revenue extraction caused peasant and zamindar rebellions, weakening the empire from within.
- Rise of Regional Powers: As Mughal authority declined, provincial governors like those of Awadh and Hyderabad became powerful and almost independent.
Q12: Evaluate the economic impact of Mughal rule on India. (5 Marks)
Ans:
- Trade and Commerce: Growth in textile, spice, and metal trade.
- Agricultural Revenue: Zabt system increased revenue but burdened peasants.
- Artisan Growth: Demand for luxury goods supported skilled artisans.
- Poverty Among Peasants: Unequal wealth distribution led to rural poverty.
- Decline: Late Mughal period saw revenue shortages and war expenses.
Q13: Analyze the significance of Mughal art and architecture. (5 Marks)
Ans:
- Monumental Architecture: Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Jama Masjid.
- Fusion of Styles: Persian, Indian, and Islamic elements.
- Miniature Paintings: Detailed court-style paintings flourished.
- Gardens and Forts: Persian-style gardens such as Shalimar Bagh.
- Enduring Influence: Mughal buildings remain national cultural symbols.
The document Unit Test (Solutions): The Mughals (16th to 17th Century) is a part of the Class 7 Course Social Studies (SST) Class 7 (Old NCERT).
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FAQs on Unit Test (Solutions): The Mughals (16th to 17th Century)
| 1. What were the main achievements of the Mughal Empire during the 16th and 17th centuries? |  |
Ans. The Mughal Empire achieved significant accomplishments in various fields during the 16th and 17th centuries. These include the establishment of a centralized administrative system, advancements in architecture exemplified by the construction of the Taj Mahal, flourishing arts and culture, and the promotion of trade and agriculture. The empire also saw the integration of diverse cultures, leading to a rich cultural synthesis.
| 2. Who were the prominent Mughal emperors in the 16th and 17th centuries? | |
Ans. The prominent Mughal emperors during this period included Babur, the founder of the empire; Akbar, known for his policies of religious tolerance and administrative reforms; Jahangir, who patronized the arts; and Shah Jahan, famous for his architectural achievements, particularly the Taj Mahal. Each of these emperors played a crucial role in shaping the empire's history and legacy.
| 3. How did the Mughal Empire influence Indian culture and society? | |
Ans. The Mughal Empire significantly influenced Indian culture and society by promoting a blend of Persian, Indian, and Islamic traditions. This influence is evident in various aspects, including art, music, literature, and cuisine. The period also saw the development of new architectural styles, as well as the establishment of a rich literary tradition in languages like Persian and Urdu.
| 4. What factors contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 17th century? | |
Ans. Several factors contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 17th century, including internal strife, the weakening of central authority, and fiscal mismanagement. Additionally, the rise of regional powers and foreign invasions, such as those by the Marathas and the British, further fragmented the empire and led to its eventual disintegration.
| 5. What was the role of religion in the Mughal Empire, particularly under Akbar? | |
Ans. Religion played a pivotal role in the Mughal Empire, especially under Akbar, who promoted a policy of religious tolerance known as Sulh-i-Kul, or "peace with all." He sought to foster harmony among different religious communities, including Hindus, Muslims, and others, by encouraging dialogue and understanding. Akbar also established the Din-i Ilahi, a syncretic faith aimed at unifying various religious beliefs, although it did not gain widespread acceptance.
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