Important Formulas: Data Through Pictures

Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Collecting Data
3. Reading and Understanding Tables
4. Pictographs
5. Bar Graphs
6. Pictograph vs Bar Graph
7. Conclusion
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Introduction

• Data handling = collecting, organizing, and showing information.

• We use tables, pictographs, and bar graphs to make data clear.

• Graphs help us:

  • Compare data visually

  • Spot patterns quickly

  • Understand real-life situations (time use, food wastage, vehicles, etc.)

Collecting Data

• Collecting data = gathering information about people, things, or activities.

• Example: asking friends "How many hours do you watch TV?"

• Data is recorded in a table with rows and columns for easy reading.

Reading and Understanding Tables

• A table organizes numbers neatly.

• Rows and columns show different details.

• We can count, add, or compare quickly.

Pictographs

• Definition: Showing data using pictures or symbols.

• Each picture = some number of items.

• Example: 1 book picture = 5 books.

Key Parts of a Pictograph

• Title: tells the topic.

• Labels: what is being counted.

• Symbols/Pictures: the icons used.

• Scale: value of each picture.

• Key: small note explaining the scale.

Scales

• Small data → scale 1 picture = 1 item.

• Large data → scale 1 picture = 5, 10, or 20 items.

• Choosing the right scale makes graphs neat.

Why Pictographs Are Useful

• Easy to understand.

• Quick to compare groups.

• Fun and interesting.

• Used in real life to share info clearly.

Bar Graphs

• Definition: Graph using bars (rectangles) to show numbers.

• Bar height/length = value.

• Taller bar = bigger number.

Features of a Bar Graph

• Title: topic of the graph.

• Bars: rectangles for values.

• Labels: X-axis (categories), Y-axis (numbers).

• Scale: shows value of each step.

• Equal spacing/width of bars.

Types

• Vertical Bar Graph - bars go up (most common).

• Horizontal Bar Graph - bars go sideways.

Why Useful?

• Easy comparison.

• Shows highest/lowest quickly.

• Shows patterns (increase/decrease).

Pictograph vs Bar Graph

• Pictograph: fun, pictures, less exact.

• Bar Graph: neat, bars, exact numbers.

• Both are useful depending on situation.

Conclusion

• Data can be shown in tables, pictographs, or bar graphs.

• Pictographs → simple, visual, quick comparison.

• Bar graphs → exact, neat, easy to compare values.

• Scales make graphs clearer.

• Graphs help us solve real-life problems (time, traffic, wastage).