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Cheat Sheet: Agriculture & Allied sectors of Uttar Pradesh
Agriculture is the backbone of Uttar Pradesh's economy. About 70% of the state's population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture. UP is called the "Granary of India" due to its significant share in national food grain production. It contributes around 25-30% to the state's GDP.
Agro-Climatic Zones of Uttar Pradesh
Major Crops of Uttar Pradesh
Food Crops
- Cereals: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Barley, Jowar, Bajra
- Pulses: Gram, Arhar, Masoor, Urad, Moong
Commercial Crops
- Sugarcane: Major cash crop; UP is India's largest sugarcane producer.
- Oilseeds: Mustard, Groundnut, Linseed, Sesame
- Potato: UP ranks 1st in India in potato production.
- Fruits & Vegetables: Mango (Malihabad famous), Guava (Allahabad/Prayagraj famous)
Quick Facts
UP's share in national production:
- Wheat - 35%
- Sugarcane - 45%
- Rice - 14%
- Potato - 30%
Fertile belts:
- Ganga-Yamuna Doab - Wheat & Sugarcane
- Eastern UP - Rice & Jute
- Bundelkhand - Pulses & Oilseeds
UP ranks 1st in Wheat, Sugarcane, Potato, and Milk production in India.
Irrigation in Uttar Pradesh
Sources of Irrigation
Major Irrigation Projects
- Sarda Canal System
- Upper Ganga Canal
- Lower Ganga Canal
- Agra Canal
- Betwa Canal
- Saryu Canal Project (Eastern UP)
- Rajghat Project (Bundelkhand)
Cropping Pattern
Note: Double Cropping is common due to fertile soil and extensive irrigation.
Soil Types in Uttar Pradesh
Allied Sectors
Animal Husbandry & Dairy
- UP is the largest milk-producing state in India.
- Major milk-producing districts: Meerut, Mathura, Bulandshahr, Etah, Aligarh.
- Key breeds: Sahiwal, Tharparkar, Murrah (buffalo).
- Scheme: Rashtriya Gokul Mission, NABARD Dairy Entrepreneurship Scheme.
- Parag Dairy (Lucknow) - State-run dairy brand.
Poultry
- Important districts: Kanpur, Bareilly, Lucknow, Gorakhpur.
- UP is among top 5 egg-producing states in India.
Fisheries
- Major areas: Allahabad (Prayagraj), Gorakhpur, Basti, Mirzapur.
- Rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, Ghaghara, Saryu support fisheries.
- State initiative: Matsya Vikas Yojana, Blue Revolution Scheme.
Sericulture & Apiculture
- Silk production in districts: Mirzapur, Sonbhadra, Varanasi.
- Honey production - Rampur, Saharanpur, Lakhimpur Kheri.
Government Schemes for Agriculture in UP
Agriculture & Economy of UP
- Contribution to GSDP: Around 25-27%.
- Net sown area: ~165 lakh hectares.
- Cropping intensity: 160-170%.
- Irrigated area: ~80% of total cultivated area (highest in India).
Recent Initiatives & Trends
- Promotion of Organic Farming: In Bundelkhand & Tarai regions.
- Contract Farming introduced under UP's new agriculture policy.
- Focus on Agri-Exports: Mango (Malihabad), Basmati Rice (Western UP), and Sugar.
- Agro-Industries: Sugar mills (Meerut, Saharanpur, Bijnor), Flour mills, Cold storages.
Agro-Based Industries in Uttar Pradesh
Quick Facts
Interesting Facts about UP
- UP - "Sugar Bowl of India"
- 5 Agro-Climatic Zones
- 1st in - Wheat, Sugarcane, Potato, Milk
- Sarda Canal - Oldest irrigation system
- Malihabad - Famous for mangoes
- ODOP Scheme - Boosts local agri-based industries
- Bundelkhand - Drought-prone but high potential for oilseeds
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FAQs on Cheat Sheet: Agriculture & Allied sectors of Uttar Pradesh
| 1. What are the major agro-climatic zones of Uttar Pradesh? |  |
Ans. Uttar Pradesh encompasses several agro-climatic zones, including the Terai region, the Central Plains, the Bundelkhand region, and the Eastern region. These zones are characterised by varying rainfall patterns, temperature ranges, and soil types, which influence the types of crops that can be cultivated in each area.
| 2. What are the major crops grown in Uttar Pradesh? | |
Ans. The major crops of Uttar Pradesh include wheat, sugarcane, rice, and a variety of pulses and oilseeds. Wheat is the principal crop, and the state is one of the leading producers of sugarcane in India. Other important crops include maize, barley, and various horticultural products.
| 3. How is irrigation managed in Uttar Pradesh? | |
Ans. Irrigation in Uttar Pradesh is facilitated through various methods, including canal systems, tube wells, and rainwater harvesting. The extensive network of canals, particularly from the Ganga and Yamuna rivers, plays a crucial role in providing water for agriculture, especially during dry seasons.
| 4. What are the different soil types found in Uttar Pradesh? | |
Ans. Uttar Pradesh has diverse soil types, including alluvial soil, which is fertile and supports the growth of various crops, as well as clayey and sandy soils in different regions. The alluvial soil is particularly prevalent in the Gangetic plains, making it suitable for intensive agriculture.
| 5. What government schemes support agriculture in Uttar Pradesh? | |
Ans. The government of Uttar Pradesh implements various schemes to support agriculture, including the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi, which provides financial assistance to farmers, and the Mukhyamantri Kisan and Khetihar Mazdoor Evam Sewa Yojana, aimed at improving the livelihood of farmers and agricultural workers. These schemes focus on enhancing productivity and ensuring the welfare of the agricultural community.
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Apr 25, 2026 Last updated
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