Assertion & Reason Type Questions: Principles of Management

Q1: Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): Time study helps in deciding the number of workers to be employed, frame suitable incentive schemes and determine labour costs.

Reason (R): It is a technique to determine the standard time taken by a worker of reasonable skill and efficiency to perform a well-defined job.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Ans: a

Sol: Time Study: In this technique Taylor emphasised on setting a standard time limit for completing any particular job. With the help of time measuring tools, considerable readings were taken for the time taken to complete a task. On the basis of this a standard time limit is set for each task. This helped in deciding the number of workers to be employed for the task, determining their wages, etc. For example, if, on the basis of observations it is determined that one person can finish making 1 shirt in two hours then, in a working day of 8 hours, each worker should make 4 shirts.

Q2: Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): Principles of management are universally applicable.Reason (R): The principles of management can be applied to all types of organisations.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Ans: a

Sol: The principles of management are universal in nature that means they can be applied to all types of organisations irrespective of their size and nature. Their results may vary and application may be modified but these are suitable for all kinds of organisations.

Q3: Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): Method study make the use of many techniques like process charts and operations research to achieve its main objective.

Reason (R): The main objective of the method study is to minimise the cost of production and maximise the quality and level of consumer satisfaction.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Ans: a

Sol: The managers come across numerous ways of performing a particular task or carrying out the production of goods or services. Out of all these possible methods, selection of the most appropriate way, which is cost-effective and also increases the production is considered a method study.

Q4: Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): The application of principles of management is contingent.

Reason (R): The principles of management are not rigid prescriptions, which have to be followed absolutely.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Ans: b

Sol: The application of principles of management is dependent upon the prevailing situation at a particular point of time. It has to be changed as per the requirements.Principles of management are flexible and can be modified by the manager when the situation so demands.

Q5: Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): Managerial activities should be divided into two parts, i.e., planning and production.

Reason (R): In a functional organisation, work is divided into many small parts and each part is assigned to an expert.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Ans: b

Sol: Functional foremanship is an extension of the principle of division of work and specialisation to the shop floor. In order to improve the quality of the supervision of workers at the supervisor level, Taylor developed the concept of functional foremanship. He advocated the separation of planning and execution functions.

Q6: Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): Managerial principles help the management to come out with the methods that help in reducing wastages.

Reason (R): Principles of management cannot be modified.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Ans: c

Sol: As the principles of management can be modified, they help the managers to meet the changing environment requirements.

Q7: Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): There should be one and only one boss for every individual employee.Reason (R): If an employee has to follow more than one boss, there begins a conflict of interest and can create confusion.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Ans: a

Sol: According to Fayol there should be one and only one boss for every individual employee. If an employee gets orders from two superiors at the same time the principle of unity of command is violated. He felt that if this principle is violated "authority is undermined, discipline is in jeopardy, order disturbed and stability threatened".

Q8: Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): Principles of management help the managers in taking decisions based on the objective assessment of the situation.

Reason (R): Managerial decisions must be timely and realistic.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Ans: a

Sol: An effective decision must be based on facts, thoughtful and justifiable in terms of the required purpose. Decisions must be timely and realistic. Principles of management help the managers in taking decisions based on the objective assessment of the situation, free of any bias and prejudice.

Q9: Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): In an organization, there should be a chain of superiors ranging from the ultimate authority to the lowest.Reason (R): Managers require authority commensurate with their responsibility.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Ans: b

Sol: There should be a balance between Authority and Responsibility. Authority facilitates the management to work efficiently, and responsibility makes them responsible for the work done under their guidance or leadership.

Q10: Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): Segregating work in the workforce amongst the worker will enhance the quality of the product.

Reason (R): Division of work leads to specialization.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Ans: a

Sol: Division of work leads to specialization, and specialization helps to increase efficiency, which results in improvement in the productivity and profitability of the organization.