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ICSE Class 10  >  Class 10 Notes  >  Chemistry   >  Critical Thinking Questions: Study of Acids, Bases and Salts

Critical Thinking Questions: Study of Acids, Bases and Salts

Type I

Q1: If a solution of compound M reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce a gas that turns limewater milky, what could compound M be?
(a) Sodium chloride
(b) Potassium carbonate
(c) Magnesium sulphate
(d) Copper (II) nitrate

Q2: A student adds a few drops of phenolphthalein to a solution of compound X and observes that the solution remains colourless. Which of the following could be compound X be?
(a) Sodium hydroxide
(b) Hydrochloric acid
(c) Sodium carbonate
(d) Ammonium chloride

Q3: During a laboratory experiment, a student adds a solution of sulphuric acid to a solution containing a metal sulphide. The student observes the evolution of a gas with a rotten egg smell. Which gas is being evolved, and what is the likely metal sulphide?
(a) Oxygen gas; zinc sulphide
(b) Carbon dioxide gas; iron sulphide
(c) Hydrogen sulphide gas; iron sulphide
(d) Hydrogen sulphide gas; zinc sulphide

Q4: A chemist treats a solution of a metal nitrate with sodium hydroxide. A white, gelatinous precipitate forms which is insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide. What is the most likely identity of the original metal nitrate?
(a) Aluminium nitrate
(b) Sodium nitrate
(c) Magnesium nitrate
(d) Potassium nitrate

Q5: In an agricultural setting, a soil sample is found to have a pH that is too high for optimal plant growth. Which of the following compounds, when added to the soil, would most likely adjust the pH to a more suitable level?
(a) Sodium chloride
(b) Potassium nitrate
(c) Sodium sulphate
(d) Ammonium sulphate

Q6: A chemist combines a solution containing magnesium ions with a solution that contains carbonate ions. A white precipitate forms upon mixing. Which of the following reactions best represents this process?
(a) Mg2+ + CO32- → MgCO3
(b) Mg2+ + 2OH- → Mg(OH)2
(c) Mg2+ + SO42- → Mg2SO4
(d) Mg2+ + 2NO3- → Mg(SO3)2

Q7: In a laboratory experiment, an iron wire is heated in a combustion tube with dry chlorine gas, leading to the formation of a brown scale compound. Which of the following is the chemical formula for the brown scale compound?
(a) FeCl2
(b) Fe2O3
(c) FeCl3
(d) FeS

Q8: Aqueous solutions of copper (II) sulphate and barium chloride are mixed together. Which of the following best describes the result of this reaction?
(a) A blue precipitate is formed
(b) The solution becomes colourless
(c) A white precipitate is formed immediately
(d) Gas bubbles are observed

Q9: If a solution of a certain compound is added to a silver nitrate solution and a white curdy precipitate is formed, which of the following could be the compound?
(a) Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)
(b) Potassium chloride (KCl)
(c) Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄)
(d) Magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄)

Q10: When a chemistry student adds a piece of litmus paper to a solution and it turns red, which of the following substances was most likely present in the solution?
(a) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
(b) Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)
(c) Aluminium chloride (AlCl₃)
(d) Potassium sulphate (K₂SO₄)

Type II

Q11: If a solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is titrated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) until neutralisation, what is the resulting pH of the solution and what compound is primarily formed?
A. pH 7; Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
B. pH above 7; Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)
C. pH below 7; Hydrogen Gas (H₂)
D. pH 7; Chlorine Gas (Cl₂)
(a) only A
(b) only B
(c) A and D
(d) only D

Q12: Considering the properties of acids given, which of the following outcomes is most likely when a piece of zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid?
A. The zinc dissolves, forming zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.
B. The zinc remains unchanged, and no reaction occurs.
C. The zinc turns into zinc oxide and releases carbon dioxide gas.
D. The zinc becomes coated with a layer of sodium chloride.
(a) only A
(b) only B
(c) B and C
(d) only C

Q13: When a salt is formed from the reaction of an acid and a base, which of the following will most likely be a product if the reactants are a strong acid and a strong base?
A. The salt formed will be neutral, with no effect on litmus paper.
B. The salt will have a pH value less than 7, turning litmus paper red.
C. The salt will have a pH value greater than 7, turning litmus paper blue.
D. The reaction will release a gas and no salt will be formed.
(a) only A
(b) only B
(c) only C
(d) all A, B, and C

Q14: What is the result of reacting an acid with a basic oxide?
A. Production of a salt and hydrogen gas.
B. Production of a salt and water.
C. No reaction, as basic oxides do not react with acids.
D. Production of a salt and release of carbon dioxide.
(a) only A
(b) only B
(c) only C
(d) all A, B, and C

Q15: A mixed salt is formed when which of the following occurs?
A. A simple salt reacts with an acid
B. A metal displaces another metal from its salt solution
C. A salt that contains more than one basic or acid radical is formed
D. A salt is formed by the action of alkalis on certain metals
(a) only A
(b) only C
(c) B and D
(d) all A, B, and C

Q16: During the neutralisation of sulphuric acid with sodium hydroxide, what are the expected products?
A. Sodium sulphate and water
B. Sodium sulphite and hydrogen gas
C. Sodium hydroxide and sulphur dioxide
D. Sodium chloride and water
(a) only A
(b) only B
(c) A and D
(d) all A, B, and C

Q17: During the preparation of lead chloride by double decomposition, what is the purpose of filtering and then evaporating the solution?
A. To separate the lead chloride from the lead nitrate solution
B. To crystallise the lead chloride from the solution
C. To remove sodium nitrate formed during the reaction
D. To concentrate the sodium chloride solution before the reaction
(a) only A
(b) only B
(c) A and B
(d) B and C

Q18: A student is studying the solubility of salts at different temperatures. Which salt would show the greatest increase in solubility with a rise in temperature?
A. Sodium Chloride
B. Potassium Nitrate
C. Calcium Sulphate
D. Potassium Chlorate
(a) only A
(b) only B
(c) A and C
(d) B and D

Q19: What is the end result of passing carbon dioxide gas into a cold solution of sodium carbonate during the preparation of sodium bicarbonate?
A. Formation of sodium chloride as a by-product
B. Crystallisation of sodium bicarbonate from the solution
C. Liberation of hydrogen gas as a by-product
D. Immediate formation of a sodium carbonate precipitate
(a) only A
(b) only B
(c) A and C
(d) B and D

Q20: Which of the following salts will exhibit efflorescence when exposed to dry air?
A. Sodium Chloride
B. Glauber's Salt (Sodium Sulphate Decahydrate)
C. Potassium Chloride
D. Copper (II) Sulphate Pentahydrate
(a) only A
(b) only B
(c) B and D
(d) all A, B, and C

The document Critical Thinking Questions: Study of Acids, Bases and Salts is a part of the Class 10 Course Chemistry Class 10 ICSE.
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FAQs on Critical Thinking Questions: Study of Acids, Bases and Salts

1. What are acids and bases, and how are they defined?
Ans. Acids are substances that donate protons (H⁺ ions) in a solution, while bases are substances that accept protons. According to the Arrhenius definition, acids produce H⁺ ions in water, and bases produce OH⁻ ions. The Brønsted-Lowry definition expands this by stating that acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.
2. What is the pH scale, and what does it indicate about a substance?
Ans. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A pH less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, a pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution, and a pH greater than 7 indicates a basic (alkaline) solution. The scale is logarithmic, meaning each whole number change represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity.
3. What are salts, and how are they formed?
Ans. Salts are ionic compounds formed from the neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base. When an acid reacts with a base, the H⁺ ions from the acid combine with the OH⁻ ions from the base to form water, while the remaining ions form the salt. For example, the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces sodium chloride (NaCl) and water.
4. What are some common properties of acids and bases?
Ans. Common properties of acids include a sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus paper red, and the ability to react with metals to produce hydrogen gas. Bases, on the other hand, typically have a bitter taste, feel slippery to the touch, and turn red litmus paper blue. Both acids and bases can conduct electricity when dissolved in water due to the presence of ions.
5. How do indicators work in determining the pH of a solution?
Ans. Indicators are substances that change colour in response to changes in pH. They are often weak acids or bases themselves. For example, phenolphthalein is colourless in acidic solutions (pH < 7)="" and="" turns="" pink="" in="" basic="" solutions="" (ph=""> 7). The colour change occurs due to the structure of the indicator molecules being altered by the pH of the solution, allowing them to absorb different wavelengths of light.
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