CBSE Class 6 > Class 6 Notes > Social Studies > Cheat Sheet: Governance
Cheat Sheet: Governance
1. Government & Governance
1.1 Definitions & Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Government | Group that makes important decisions for a country. |
| Governance | Way rules and decisions are made to organise and manage a society and to address people's needs. |
| Laws | Important rules that everyone must follow to keep peace and fairness. |
| Democracy | System of governance derived from Greek roots 'demos' (people) and 'kratos' (rule or power). |
| Direct Democracy | System in which every person's opinion is considered to make decisions. |
| Grassroots Democracy | System that empowers ordinary citizens to participate in decisions affecting their lives. |
| Constitution | Set of rules that explains how a country should be governed. |
| Rights | Freedoms and protections every person should have, such as voting or free speech. |
| Parliament | Place where elected representatives discuss and pass laws for the country. |
| House | Group where laws are discussed or created; at central level: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. |
| Nominal | Only in name; President of India and a State Governor generally are not the real leaders. |
| Separation of Powers | Idea that the three branches of government should work independently while keeping each other in check. |
| Checks and Balances | System where each branch of government watches the others to prevent misuse of power. |
| Cybercrime | Crimes committed using the internet, such as hacking or online fraud. |
1.2 Three Organs of Government
| Organ | Role |
|---|---|
| Legislature | Makes and changes laws; composed of representatives chosen by the people; can remove outdated laws; creates laws against cybercrime. |
| Executive | Carries out and enforces laws; includes head of state (president/prime minister/chief minister), ministers, and agencies; enforces laws through bodies such as the cyber police. |
| Judiciary | Interprets laws, decides when laws are broken, determines penalties, and ensures justice in violations including cybercrime cases. |
2. Levels of Government
2.1 Three Levels in India
| Level | Responsibility |
|---|---|
| Local | Nearest to the public; manages local services and neighbourhood issues such as rubbish collection, street cleaning, park maintenance and minor floods. |
| State | Handles matters affecting multiple towns and villages; oversees education, healthcare and transport; dispatches rescue teams for regional problems. |
| Centre or National | Responsible for national defence, foreign relations and large infrastructure projects; provides relief and may deploy the army in large disasters. |
2.2 Features of Indian Democracy
- Representative democracy where citizens elect representatives to make decisions.
- World's largest democracy with approximately 970 million voters in 2024.
- Voting rights for all Indian citizens aged 18 and above.
- State-level representatives are Members of Legislative Assembly (MLAs).
- National-level representatives are Members of Parliament (MPs).
- Representatives discuss and debate laws and issues to persuade each other.
3. Institutional Mottos and Notable Person
3.1 Inspirations from Ancient Texts: Institutional Mottos
| Motto | Meaning |
|---|---|
| "Satyameva Jayate" | "Truth alone triumphs." |
| "Yato Dharmastato Jayah" | "Where there is dharma, there is victory." |
3.2 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
| Attribute | Detail |
|---|---|
| Birth | Born in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu in 1931. |
| Title | Scientist known as the "Missile Man of India". |
| Contributions | Contributed to India's space and missile programmes and its nuclear capabilities. |
| Presidency | 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. |
| Focus | Remained connected to people, especially the youth; dedicated to education and innovation; encouraged young Indians to dream big. |
| Role as President | Position largely ceremonial yet allowed significant influence on many lives. |
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