Q1: What was the main reason Indians felt united despite differences in class, caste, and language after 1857? (a) British social reforms (b) Growth of nationalism after the Revolt of 1857 (c) Introduction of modern technology (d) International trade opportunities
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: Nationalism grew after the Revolt of 1857, uniting people across class, caste, creed, gender, and language, fostering feelings of national identity.
Q2: Which of the following was introduced by the British but helped Indians develop a sense of oneness? (a) Separate compartments for Indians (b) Railways and telegraph (c) Arms Act (d) Vernacular Press Act
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: Railways and telegraph were introduced for British administration but fostered a sense of oneness among Indians by connecting different regions.
Q3: Who was the first president of the Indian National Congress in 1885? (a) Dadabhai Naoroji (b) A.O. Hume (c) W.C. Bonnerjee (d) Surendranath Bannerji
Solution:
Ans: (c) Explanation: W.C. Bonnerjee was elected as the first president of the Indian National Congress when it was formed in December 1885 in Bombay.
Q4: What was the main purpose of the 1878 Arms Act? (a) To train Indian soldiers (b) To ban Indians from possessing weapons (c) To control weapon imports (d) To provide arms to Indian police
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: The 1878 Arms Act banned Indians from possessing weapons while Europeans faced no such restrictions, showing discriminatory British policies.
Q5: Why did Viceroy Curzon partition Bengal in 1905? (a) To improve education facilities (b) To weaken nationalism by dividing people (c) To create more employment opportunities (d) To promote agricultural development
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: Though Curzon claimed administrative convenience, the partition aimed to weaken nationalism by dividing the strong nationalist sentiment in Bengal.
Fill in the Blanks
Q1: The _____ introduced ideas of nationalism, liberty, equality, sovereignty, and democracy among Indians.
Solution:
Ans: Western education
Q2: Dadabhai Naoroji highlighted the _____ as the main cause of India's poverty under British rule.
Solution:
Ans: drain of wealth
Q3: The slogan "Swaraj is my birthright" was given by _____.
Solution:
Ans: Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Q4: The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 in _____.
Solution:
Ans: Dacca
Q5: The _____ and Bal Gangadhar Tilak formed the Home Rule League to demand self-government.
Solution:
Ans: Annie Besant
True or False
Q1: The Indian National Congress was formed in December 1885 in Calcutta.
Solution:
Ans: False Explanation: The Indian National Congress was formed in December 1885 in Bombay, not Calcutta, with 72 delegates attending.
Q2: The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 allowed the British to seize assets of newspapers publishing objectionable content.
Solution:
Ans: True Explanation: The 1878 Vernacular Press Act gave the British power to seize assets of newspapers that published content they considered objectionable.
Q3: The partition of Bengal was annulled in 1911 due to widespread protests.
Solution:
Ans: True Explanation: Due to widespread protests and the Swadeshi and Boycott movements, the British annulled the partition of Bengal in 1911.
Q4: The Moderates advocated aggressive measures and self-reliance to achieve freedom from British rule.
Solution:
Ans: False Explanation: The Moderates used peaceful methods like petitions and resolutions, believing in British fairness; Extremists advocated aggressive measures and self-reliance.
Q5: The Indian Councils Act of 1909 introduced separate electorates for Muslims.
Solution:
Ans: True Explanation: The Indian Councils Act of 1909, also called Morley-Minto Reforms, introduced separate electorates allowing only Muslims to vote for Muslim candidates.
Match the Following
Column A
Column B
1. A.O. Hume
A. Extremist leader imprisoned in Mandalay
2. Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal
B. Newspaper spreading revolutionary ideas
3. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
C. Retired British civil servant who played a key role in forming the Indian National Congress
4. Ghadar
D. Formed in 1876 as a precursor to the Indian National Congress
5. Indian Association of Calcutta
E. Known as Lal Bal Pal
Solution:
Ans:
1 - C: A.O. Hume was a retired British civil servant who played a key role in forming the Indian National Congress in 1885.
2 - E: Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal were collectively known as Lal Bal Pal, the prominent Extremist leaders.
3 - A: Bal Gangadhar Tilak was an Extremist leader arrested by the British and imprisoned for six years in Mandalay, Burma.
4 - B: Ghadar was a newspaper published by the Ghadar Party in the USA to spread revolutionary ideas among Indians abroad.
5 - D: The Indian Association of Calcutta was formed in 1876 by Surendranath Bannerjee and served as a precursor to the Congress.
Short Answer Questions
Q1: How did Western education contribute to the growth of nationalism in India?
Solution:
Ans: Western education introduced important ideas of nationalism, liberty, equality, sovereignty, and democracy among educated Indians. These concepts inspired Indians to question British rule and demand their rights. The English language united people from different regions, helping them communicate and share nationalist ideas. Western-educated Indians understood concepts of freedom and self-governance, which fueled their desire to end colonial exploitation and work towards independence.
Q2: What were the main demands and methods used by the Moderates in the Indian National Congress?
Solution:
Ans: The Moderates led the Congress from 1885 to 1905 and used peaceful methods like petitions, resolutions, and meetings. They believed in British fairness and justice. Their main demands included increasing Indian participation in administration and reducing the drain of wealth from India. Leaders like Surendranath Bannerji, Dadabhai Naoroji, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale represented this approach, trusting constitutional means to achieve gradual reforms.
Q3: Describe the impact of the Swadeshi and Boycott movements following the partition of Bengal.
Solution:
Ans: The partition of Bengal in 1905 sparked widespread protests leading to Swadeshi and Boycott movements. People boycotted British goods, burned foreign cloth, and picketed shops selling imported items. Students boycotted government schools and colleges, showing their opposition. The Swadeshi movement emphasized self-reliance and atmashakti, leading to establishment of national schools. The National Council of Education was formed in 1906 to promote indigenous education.
Q4: What was the concept of "drain of wealth" and who highlighted it?
Solution:
Ans: The "drain of wealth" referred to economic exploitation under British rule. India became an exporter of raw materials and importer of British finished goods. Indian revenue funded British colonial expansion and paid salaries and pensions of British officials. Heavy taxation impoverished Indian peasants and traditional industries collapsed. Dadabhai Naoroji, a prominent nationalist leader, highlighted the drain of wealth as the main cause of India's poverty under colonial rule.
Q5: How did the First World War contribute to the growth of mass nationalism in India?
Solution:
Ans: The First World War (1914-1918) changed India's economic and political landscape significantly. The British used Indian resources and soldiers for the war effort, creating hardships. Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak formed the Home Rule League demanding self-government, gaining widespread support across India. Indians supported the British hoping for political concessions after the war. However, disappointment with British promises strengthened nationalist feelings and mass movements.
The document Worksheet with Solutions: The Nationalist Movement is a part of the Class 8 Course History Class 8 ICSE.
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