Q1: Who founded the Slave or Mamluk dynasty after the death of Muhammad of Ghor in 1206? (a) Iltutmish (b) Qutubuddin Aibak (c) Ghiyasuddin Balban (d) Nasir-ud-din Mahmud
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: Qutubuddin Aibak, who was a slave of Muhammad of Ghor, gained control of most Ghurid territories and founded the Slave or Mamluk dynasty, ruling independently from Delhi.
Q2: Which sultan is considered the true founder of the Delhi Sultanate? (a) Qutubuddin Aibak (b) Ghiyasuddin Balban (c) Iltutmish (d) Alauddin Khalji
Solution:
Ans: (c) Explanation: Iltutmish overthrew Aram Shah in 1211 and is considered the true founder of the Delhi Sultanate. He successfully defended against Mongols and established an administrative system.
Q3: What was the name of the city founded by Alauddin Khalji in 1306? (a) Tughlaqabad (b) Siri (c) Devagiri (d) Daulatabad
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: Alauddin Khalji established Siri in 1306, which was considered one of the world's finest cities at that time before being destroyed by Sher Shah Suri.
Q4: Who was the first Muslim woman ruler of Delhi during the Sultanate period? (a) Chand Bibi (b) Noor Jahan (c) Raziya (d) Mumtaz Mahal
Solution:
Ans: (c) Explanation: Raziya was chosen by Iltutmish over his four sons and became the first Muslim woman ruler of Delhi, ruling from 1236 to 1240 despite facing opposition from nobles.
Q5: Which ruler introduced the system of 'dagh' and 'chehra' in the army? (a) Iltutmish (b) Alauddin Khalji (c) Muhammad bin Tughluq (d) Feroz Shah Tughluq
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: Alauddin Khalji introduced 'dagh' (branding horses) to prevent substitution and 'chehra' (detailed soldier descriptions) to stop desertions, creating the first permanent standing army for Delhi sultans.
Fill in the Blanks
Q1: The Delhi Sultanate period lasted from 1206 to _____.
Solution:
Ans: 1526
Q2: Court historians during the Sultanate period wrote in _____, the official language.
Solution:
Ans: Persian
Q3: The term _____ means warrior slave.
Solution:
Ans: mamluk
Q4: Timur invaded India in the year _____.
Solution:
Ans: 1398
Q5: The tax on non-Muslims collected by Feroz Shah Tughluq was called _____.
Solution:
Ans: jizya
True or False
Q1: Qutubuddin Aibak completed the construction of the Qutub Minar during his reign.
Solution:
Ans: False Explanation: Qutubuddin Aibak began constructing the Qutub Minar but died accidentally in 1210 after ruling only four years, so he could not complete it.
Q2: Iltutmish ruled the Delhi Sultanate for about 25 years.
Solution:
Ans: True Explanation: Iltutmish became sultan in 1211 and ruled until 1236, successfully defending against Mongols and establishing administrative systems for approximately twenty-five years.
Q3: Muhammad bin Tughluq introduced token copper coins that had the same value as silver and gold coins.
Solution:
Ans: True Explanation: Muhammad bin Tughluq introduced token copper coins to match silver and gold coin value due to silver shortage, but faced problems with hoarding and illegal minting.
Q4: The Lodi dynasty was the only Turkish dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
Solution:
Ans: False Explanation: The Lodi dynasty was the only Afghan dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, not Turkish. It consisted of three rulers: Bahlul, Sikander, and Ibrahim Lodi.
Q5: Alauddin Khalji paid soldiers in cash and created the first permanent standing army for Delhi sultans.
Solution:
Ans: True Explanation: Alauddin Khalji introduced paying soldiers in cash and created a permanent standing army, which was a first for Delhi sultans during the Sultanate period.
Match the Following
Column A
Column B
1. Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
A. Founded Sayyid dynasty
2. Chihalgani
B. Traveler who wrote Rihla
3. Khizr Khan
C. Tax on cultivation
4. Ibn Battuta
D. Written by Minhaj-i-Siraj
5. Kharaj
E. Group of forty favorite slaves
Solution:
Ans:
1 - D: Tabaqat-i-Nasiri was written by Minhaj-i-Siraj, a court historian who wrote in Persian during the Sultanate period providing important historical accounts.
2 - E: Chihalgani means 'The Forty' and referred to Iltutmish's favorite slaves who gained significant power and caused conflicts during succession struggles.
3 - A: Khizr Khan captured Delhi in 1414 and founded the Sayyid dynasty after being left as Timur's deputy in India following the 1398 invasion.
4 - B: Ibn Battuta was a foreign traveler who joined Muhammad bin Tughluq's court and wrote Rihla, providing valuable insights into the Tughluq period.
5 - C: Kharaj was a tax on cultivation that formed the main revenue source, taking about fifty percent of a peasant's produce during the Sultanate.
Short Answer Questions
Q1: Why was Raziya's reign as sultan short-lived and what happened to her?
Solution:
Ans: Raziya was chosen by Iltutmish to rule over his four sons and became the first Muslim woman ruler of Delhi. However, she faced strong opposition from Turkish nobles when she appointed non-Turks to important positions. The nobles revolted against her decisions and eventually ousted her from power. While attempting to reclaim her throne, Raziya was killed. Her reign lasted only from 1236 to 1240, making it brief and troubled.
Q2: Describe the administrative reforms introduced by Alauddin Khalji in the market system.
Solution:
Ans: Alauddin Khalji introduced comprehensive market reforms by fixing prices for essential items including food grains, cloth, oil, sugar, and horses. He appointed officials to ensure goods were sold only at fixed prices and imposed harsh penalties for violations. Weights and measures were standardized across markets. During food shortages, he implemented rationing by allocating a fixed amount of grains to each person. These reforms particularly helped soldiers and common people afford necessities.
Q3: What were the main sources of information about the Delhi Sultanate period?
Solution:
Ans: Information about the Delhi Sultanate comes from archaeological and literary sources. Archaeological sources include coins, inscriptions, and monuments from that period. Literary sources consist of writings by foreign travelers and court historians. Court historians wrote in Persian, producing accounts called tarikhs, though these often flattered sultans and may not be completely accurate. Key works include Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi, Futuh-us-Salatin, and Ibn Battuta's Rihla providing valuable historical insights.
Q4: Explain how Muhammad bin Tughluq's decision to shift the capital affected his empire.
Solution:
Ans: Muhammad bin Tughluq shifted the capital from Delhi to Devagiri, renamed Daulatabad, to better control southern territories. He built a road and ordered people to move, but many died during the summer journey. Later, he moved the capital back to Delhi as he could not manage north-west regions from Daulatabad. Despite problems, the move improved north-south communication and Sufi saints settled in Daulatabad, making it an important learning center.
Q5: How did the Delhi sultans deal with the Mongol problem?
Solution:
Ans: Delhi sultans faced repeated Mongol attacks from the north-west throughout their rule. Iltutmish avoided attacks by not sheltering Jalal-ud-din Mangbarni who was pursued by Genghis Khan. Balban built strong fortifications for protection. Alauddin Khalji raised a large permanent standing army and built the garrison town of Siri. His forces successfully defeated Mongols in every invasion attempt. Muhammad bin Tughluq partly shifted the capital to Daulatabad to escape these threats.
The document Worksheet with Solutions: The Delhi Sultanate is a part of the Class 7 Course History Class 7 ICSE.
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