Q1: Why did rulers build monuments during the medieval period in India? (a) To gain wealth from visitors (b) To leave a lasting legacy and show power (c) To provide employment only (d) To copy foreign architecture
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: Medieval rulers built monuments to leave a lasting legacy through awe-inspiring architecture, reflecting their power, wealth, and cultural values for future generations.
Q2: What is the main shrine in a temple called? (a) Pradakshina patha (b) Garbagriha (c) Mandapa (d) Shikhara
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: The garbagriha is the main shrine in a temple where the deity is placed. It is a common feature in both Nagara and Dravidian temple styles.
Q3: What architectural style uses arches to support weight above doors and windows? (a) Trabeate style (b) Arcuate style (c) Dravidian style (d) Nagara style
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: The arcuate style, introduced from the 12th century, used arches to support the weight above doors and windows, unlike the earlier trabeate style.
Q4: Which emperor built Fatehpur Sikri to honor Salim Chishti? (a) Shah Jahan (b) Humayun (c) Akbar (d) Babur
Solution:
Ans: (c) Explanation: Emperor Akbar built Fatehpur Sikri to honor Sufi saint Salim Chishti, who had predicted the birth of Akbar's three sons.
Q5: What material did Shah Jahan primarily use for his monuments? (a) Red sandstone (b) White marble (c) Greystone (d) Granite
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: During Shah Jahan's reign, white marble replaced red sandstone as the primary building material, creating elegant and richly decorated monuments throughout his rule.
Fill in the Blanks
Q1: The pyramidal tower in Dravidian temple architecture is called a _____.
Solution:
Ans: vimana
Q2: A chahar bagh is a garden divided into _____ quarters.
Solution:
Ans: four
Q3: The _____ marks the direction Muslims face during prayer in a mosque.
Solution:
Ans: mihrab
Q4: Baolis are step-wells built to provide access to _____.
Solution:
Ans: water
Q5: The Taj Mahal was built using white marble from _____ in Jodhpur.
Solution:
Ans: Makrana
True or False
Q1: The Nagara style of temple architecture is found in south India.
Solution:
Ans: False Explanation: The Nagara style is a north Indian temple architecture style, while the Dravidian style is found in south India.
Q2: Human and animal figures were commonly used in Islamic structures.
Solution:
Ans: False Explanation: Human and animal figures were avoided in Islamic structures as they were considered un-Islamic according to religious beliefs.
Q3: Lodis introduced garden tombs to India.
Solution:
Ans: True Explanation: The Lodi rulers were the first to introduce the concept of garden tombs to India during the Sultanate period.
Q4: The Taj Mahal took 22 years and over 20,000 workers to complete.
Solution:
Ans: True Explanation: The construction of the Taj Mahal was a massive undertaking requiring 22 years and more than 20,000 workers.
Q5: Tughluqs and Lodis preferred using expensive white marble for their constructions.
Solution:
Ans: False Explanation: Tughluqs and Lodis used cheaper and more abundant greystone instead of expensive materials like white marble for construction.
Match the Following
Column A
Column B
1. Brihadeeswara Temple
A. First all-marble structure with pietra dura
2. Kandariya Mahadeva Temple
B. Built by Narasimhadeva in 13th century
3. Itmad-ud-Daula's Tomb
C. Key Dravidian example built by Cholas
4. Sun Temple at Konark
D. First Persian-style garden tomb
5. Humayun's Tomb
E. Largest Nagara-style temple at Khajuraho
Solution:
Ans:
1 - C: Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur was built by the Chola rulers as a key example of Dravidian architecture style.
2 - E: Kandariya Mahadeva Temple at Khajuraho is the largest and most ornate temple built in the Nagara architectural style.
3 - A: Itmad-ud-Daula's Tomb, commissioned by Nur Jahan, was the first structure made entirely of white marble with pietra dura inlay.
4 - B: The Sun Temple at Konark was dedicated to the Sun god and built by Narasimhadeva in the 13th century.
5 - D: Humayun's Tomb, designed by Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas, was the first Persian-style garden tomb in India.
Short Answer Questions
Q1: What are the main differences between Nagara and Dravidian temple architecture styles?
Solution:
Ans: Nagara style is found in north India with a curvilinear tower called shikhara, while Dravidian style is in south India with a pyramidal tower called vimana. North Indian temples cover less area compared to South Indian ones. Both styles have common features like garbagriha and pradakshina patha. Dravidian temples have square sanctuaries with decorated paths for circumambulation.
Q2: Describe the features and importance of the chahar bagh garden design.
Solution:
Ans: Chahar bagh means four gardens, planned by Babur with a keen aesthetic sense. These gardens were divided into four quarters by channels, symbolizing paradise with four rivers of water, milk, honey, and wine. They were built within rectangular walled enclosures. Babur, Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan laid out many Persian-style chahar baghs in Agra, Delhi, Kashmir, and Lahore.
Q3: What is the Indo-Islamic architectural style and how did it develop?
Solution:
Ans: Indo-Islamic architecture was brought to India by the Turks and perfected by the Mughals. It blended Indian elements like Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist styles with Islamic features such as domes, true arches, and minarets. Indian elements like chhatris, chhajas, and jharokhas were adopted by Islamic rulers. This fusion created a unique architectural style combining both traditions beautifully.
Q4: Why were baolis built during the medieval period and what were their features?
Solution:
Ans: Baolis are step-wells with steps leading to water, built from stone, rubble, or bricks. They were constructed by rulers and wealthy people to provide water access, reduce evaporation, and store rainwater. Some baolis featured carved designs and underground chambers for escaping heat. Iltutmish built Gandhak ki Baoli and Hauz-i-Shamsi, while Feroz Shah Tughluq also constructed many baolis.
Q5: What architectural achievements made Shah Jahan's reign the 'Golden Age of Mughal Architecture'?
Solution:
Ans: Shah Jahan built many monuments in Agra and Delhi, replacing red sandstone with elegant white marble. His buildings were slender and richly decorated with domes, arches, minarets, floral motifs, and Quranic calligraphy. He built Shahjahanabad in Delhi with the Red Fort and Jama Masjid. The Taj Mahal, his most famous work, is one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
The document Worksheet with Solutions: Medieval Monuments is a part of the Class 7 Course History Class 7 ICSE.
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