RRB NTPC/ASM/CA/TA Exam > RRB NTPC/ASM/CA/TA Notes > Summary: Profit Loss
Summary: Profit Loss
What are Profit and Loss?
Profit is the money gained when the Selling Price (SP) is more than the Cost Price (CP). Profit = SP - CP. Loss is the money lost when SP is less than CP. Loss = CP - SP.
Basic concepts
- Cost Price (CP) - amount paid to buy an item (may include overheads, transport, setup).
- Selling Price (SP) - amount at which the item is sold (may be ≥, = or ≤ CP).
- Marked Price (MP) - price printed on the item (list/tag price). If no discount applies, MP = SP.
Key formulas
- Profit = SP - CP
- Loss = CP - SP
- Cost Price relations: CP = SP - Profit ; CP = SP + Loss
- Selling Price relations: SP = CP + Profit ; SP = CP - Loss
- Marked Price relation: MP = SP + Discount
- Discount = MP - SP
Percentage formulas
- Profit Percentage = (Profit × 100) / CP
- Loss Percentage = (Loss × 100) / CP
- Discount Percentage = (Discount / MP) × 100
Useful relations and tricks
- If SP > CP then Profit = SP - CP; if CP > SP then Loss = CP - SP.
- Profit% = (Profit / CP) × 100 ; Loss% = (Loss / CP) × 100.
- SP = {(100 + P%) / 100} × CP ; SP = {(100 - L%) / 100} × CP.
- CP = {100 / (100 + P%)} × SP ; CP = {100 / (100 - L%)} × SP.
- Net effect of two successive profits x% and y% = x + y + (x×y / 100).
- Net effect when profit x% and loss y% occur = x - y - (x×y / 100).
- When equal percentage profit and loss occur, P = L and %loss = (Profit)2 / 100.
How to calculate stepwise
- Step 1: Compare CP and SP to decide profit or loss.
- Step 2: If CP > SP, compute Loss = CP - SP and Loss% = (Loss × 100) / CP.
- Step 3: If SP > CP, compute Profit = SP - CP and Profit% = (Profit × 100) / CP.
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Apr 25, 2026 Last updated
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