RRB NTPC/ASM/CA/TA Exam > RRB NTPC/ASM/CA/TA Notes > Summary: Profit Loss
Summary: Profit Loss
What are Profit and Loss?
Profit is the money gained when Selling Price (SP) exceeds Cost Price (CP). Loss is the money lost when SP is less than CP. Basic formulas:
- Profit = SP - CP
- Loss = CP - SP
Basic terms
Cost Price (CP) is the total amount paid for an item (including overheads). Selling Price (SP) is the amount at which an item is sold. Marked Price (MP) is the price shown on the item (list or tag price).
Relations between prices
- CP = SP - Profit
- CP = SP + Loss
- SP = CP + Profit
- SP = CP - Loss
- MP = SP + Discount
- Discount = MP - SP
Percentage formulas
- Profit Percent = (Profit × 100) / CP
- Loss Percent = (Loss × 100) / CP
- Discount Percentage = (Discount / MP) × 100
Quick formulas and tricks
- If SP > CP: Profit (P) = SP - CP
- If CP > SP: Loss (L) = CP - SP
- Profit (%) = (P / CP) × 100
- Loss (%) = (L / CP) × 100
- SP = {(100 + P%) / 100} × CP
- SP = {(100 - L%) / 100} × CP
- CP = {100 / (100 + P%)} × SP
- CP = {100 / (100 - L%)} × SP
- Discount = MP - SP
- Selling Price = MP - Discount
- Two successive profits x% and y%: net % profit = x + y + (xy / 100)
- Profit x% and loss y% together: net % = x - y - (xy / 100)
- If sold at x% profit and then at y% profit: CP = [100 × 100 × P / (100 + x)(100 + y)] ; in case of loss: CP = [100 × 100 × L / (100 - x)(100 - y)]
- If Profit % and Loss % are equal, P = L and %loss = (Profit)2 / 100
How to calculate Profit and Loss - steps
- Step 1: Compare CP and SP to decide profit or loss.
- Step 2: If CP > SP, Loss = CP - SP.
- Step 3: If SP > CP, Profit = SP - CP.
Key formulas - quick reference
- Profit = SP - CP
- Loss = CP - SP
- Profit (%) = (Profit / CP) × 100
- Loss (%) = (Loss / CP) × 100
- Discount = MP - SP
- Discount (%) = (Discount / MP) × 100
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Apr 25, 2026 Last updated
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