Important Question (with Answers) : 2 - Manufacturing Industries - Class 10 PDF Download

Q.21 Give one point of difference between mini and integrated steel plants.
 

Ans. Mini steel plants are smaller, have electric furnaces, use steel scrap and sponge
iron. They produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications.
An integrated steel plant is large, handles everything in one complex – from putting
together raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping.
Aluminium Smelting
 

Q.22 Which characteristics of aluminium make it most important metal?
 

Ans. Aluminium smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India.
i. It is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, mallable and becomes
strong when it is mixed with other metals.
ii. It is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires.
iii. It has gained popularity as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number
of industries.
 

Q.23 Mention two most important factors which influence the location of Aluminium industry.
 

Ans. Bauxite, the raw material used in the industry is a very bulky.
i. Regular supply of electricity for electrolysis.
ii. Assured sources of raw material at minimum cost are the two prime factors for
location of the industry.
Chemical Industries
 

Q.24 Mention two types of chemical industries in India. Give four uses/examples of each.
 

Ans. Chemical industries consist of inorganic and organic chemicals.
i. Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid (used to manufacture fertilisers,
synthetic fibres, plastics, adhesives, paints, dyes stuffs), nitric acid, alkalies, soda
ash (used to make glass, soaps and detergents, paper) and caustic soda.
ii. Organic chemicals include petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing of
synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, plastics, dye-stuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals.
 

Q.25 Why the organic chemical industries are located near oil refineries where as
inorganic chemical industries are spread all over India?
 

Ans. The organic chemical industries get their raw materials from byproducts of mineral
oil which is processed and refined at oil refineries therefore these industries are
located near oil refineries. Whereas the raw material for inorganic chemicals comes
from other sources therefore they are not concentrated around one place.
Fertiliser Industry
 

Q.26 Name important fertilizers produced in the fertilizer industry.
 

Ans. The fertiliser industry produce
i. Nitrogenous fertilizers (mainly urea),
ii. Phosphatic fertilizers
iii. Ammonium phosphate (DAP)
iv. Complex fertilizers which have a combination of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and

 

Q.27 Mention major producer of fertilizer in the country.
 

Ans. Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala produces half the fertiliser
production.
Cement Industry
 

Q.28 Which factors has prompted an expansion in the cement industry in India?
 

Ans. Cement is considered essential for:
i. Decontrol of price and distribution since 1989
ii. Other government policy reforms led to the increase in capacity, process,
technology and production.
iii. Increase in demand due to large scale construction activity such as building
houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other commercial
establishments.
iv. Production of good quality cement and its export to East Asia, Gulf countries and
South Asian countries.
 

Q.29 Which factors influence the location of cement industry in India?
 

Ans.
i. Bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.
ii. Coal and electric power are needed as source of energy.
iii. It also needs good rail transportation.
iv. Port facilities for the export of cement.
Automobile Industry
 

Q.30 Which factors lead to the growth in the Automobiles industry of our country?
 

Ans. Automobile industry expanded in last 15 years due to:
i. New economic policy of Liberalization.
ii. Coming in of new and contemporary models.
iii. Foreign Direct Investment brought in new technology.
iv. Industry is now globalised.
Information Technology and Electronics Industry
 

Q.31 Name the products of electronic industry.
 

Ans. The electronics industry produces products such as transistors, telephones, cellular
telecom, pagers, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other types of
equipment required by the telecommunication industry.
 

Q.32 What is the significance of IT industry in our country?
 

Ans. The significance of IT industry can be judged by:
i. It is one of the major employments generating industry. Over one million persons
are employed in this industry.
ii. 30 per cent of the people employed in this sector are women.
iii. It is the major foreign exchange earner industry of our country.
iv. Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) services have been growing rapidly.
Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation
 

Q.33 What is air pollution? Explain how air pollution is caused by the industries. What are the effects of air pollution?
 

Ans. Air pollution: the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases (SO2 and CO)
and airborne particulate materials in the air is called air pollution.

Air pollution is caused by -
i. Airborne particulate materials which contain both solid and liquid particles
like dust, sprays mist and smoke causes air pollution.
ii. Smoke emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and
smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels causes air pollution.
iii. Toxic gas leaks from industries causes air pollution. Example the Bhopal Gas
tragedy.
Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the
atmosphere as a whole.
i. Air pollution causes various diseases related to respiratory, nervous and
circulatory systems.
ii. Smoky fog over cities called as urban smog is caused by atmospheric
pollution.
iii. Air pollution can also cause acid rains.
 

Q.34 How is water pollution caused? Which industries causes the water and land
pollution? What are the effects of water and land pollution?
 

Ans. Water pollution: Degradation of the quality of water due to high concentrations of
suspended particles, organic and inorganic substances is called water pollution.
Water pollution is caused by -
a. Industrial activities: is the most significant source of water pollution.
i. Industrial wastes, polluted waste water, poisonous gases,
chemical residuals, heavy metals, dust, smoke, etc. causes water pollution.
ii. Most of the industrial wastes are disposed off in running water or
lakes. Consequently, poisonous elements reach the reservoirs,
rivers and other water bodies, which destroy the bio-system of these waters.
iii. Major water polluting industries are leather, pulp and paper,textiles and chemicals.
 

b. Agricultural activities:
i. Various types of chemicals used in modern agriculture such as
inorganic fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides causes water pollution.
ii. These chemicals are washed down to rivers, lakes, tanks and
under ground water and causes water pollution.
iii. Fertiliser induces an increase in the nitrate content of surface waters.
 

c. Cultural activities:
i. Such as pilgrimage, religious fairs, tourism, etc. also cause water
pollution. In India, almost all surface water sources are
contaminated and unfit for human consumption.
 

d. Urban activities:
i. Such as Sewage disposal, urban run-off causes water pollution.
Main effects of water pollution are:
i. Water pollution is a source of various water borne diseases.
ii. The diseases are diarrhea, intestinal worms, hepatitis, etc.
iii. World Health Organisation shows that about 25% of the
communicable diseases in India are water-borne.
 

Q.35 What is thermal pollution? What are its effects?
 

Ans. Thermal pollution: It occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is
drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
The effects are:effects
i. Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities
cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages.
ii. Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents,
packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.
iii. Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets contaminated.
 

Q.36 What is noise pollution? Which industrial units cause noise pollution? What are the effects of noise pollution?
 

Ans. Noise pollution: The state of high level of noise levels which is unbearable and
uncomfortable to human beings is called noise pollution.Main source of noise pollution are:
i. It is caused by Industrial and construction activities, Machinery and factory
equipments, Generators, Saws, Pneumatic and Electric drills.
ii. Noise from sirens, loudspeakers used in various festivals, programmes
associated with community activities.
iii. The biggest noise pollution is produced by traffic.
Effects of Noise pollution:
i. It results in irritation and anger,
ii. It can also cause hearing impairment,
iii. Increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.
iv. Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress.Control of Environmental Degradation
 

Q.37 How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced?
 

Ans. Industrial pollution and degradation can be controlled by:
i. Minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
ii. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
iii. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
iv. Regulating the overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry.
v. Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with
electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
vi. Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
vii. Generators should be fitted with silencers.
viii. Redesigning machineries to increase their energy efficiency and reduce noise.
ix. Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of earplugs and earphones.
 

Q.38 Explain the three phase of treatment of industrial effluents.
 

Ans. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
i. Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding,flocculation and sedimentation.
ii. Secondary treatment by biological process
iii. Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.