Mnemonics: General Exceptions under IPC
Main Categories of General Exceptions under IPC
What needs to be memorized: The 10 major categories of general exceptions (Sections 76-106): Mistake of Fact, Judicial Acts, Accident, Necessity, Infancy, Insanity, Intoxication, Consent, Duress, and Private Defence
Mnemonic: "MJAN - Triple I - CDP"
Think: "Maa-Jaan (mother's life) ke liye 3 IIT students ne CDP use kiya"
🔗 The Breakdown:
- M → Mistake of Fact (Sections 76, 79)
- J → Judicial Acts (Sections 77, 78)
- A → Accident (Section 80)
- N → Necessity (Section 81)
- Triple I (3 I's) → Infancy (Sections 82, 83) + Insanity (Section 84) + Intoxication (Sections 85, 86)
- C → Consent (Sections 87-92)
- D → Duress/Compulsion (Section 94)
- P → Private Defence (Sections 96-106)
Section 100: When Private Defence of BODY Extends to Causing Death
What needs to be memorized: The 7 circumstances when you can cause death while defending your body
Mnemonic: "DG-RUKWA"
Think: "DG (Death/Grievous Hurt) se bachne ke liye RUKWA do!" (Stop the attack!)
🔗 The Breakdown:
- D → Reasonable apprehension of Death
- G → Reasonable apprehension of Grievous Hurt
- R → Assault with intent to commit Rape
- U → Assault with intent to gratify Unnatural lust
- K → Assault with intent to Kidnap or abduct
- W → Assault with intent to Wrongfully confine (when unable to reach authorities)
- A → Acid attack (throwing or administering)
Section 103: When Private Defence of PROPERTY Extends to Causing Death
What needs to be memorized: The 4 circumstances when you can cause death while defending property
Mnemonic: "RHMT"
Think: "Property ke liye death cause kar sakte ho - RHMT mein"
🔗 The Breakdown:
- R → Robbery
- H → House-breaking by night
- M → Mischief by fire on dwelling house
- T → Theft, mischief, or house-trespass (with reasonable apprehension of death or grievous hurt)
Section 99: When There is NO Right of Private Defence
What needs to be memorized: Acts against which you cannot claim private defence
Mnemonic: "2 P's ke against NAHI"
Think: "Do P's ke against private defence nahi kar sakte"
🔗 The Breakdown:
- First P → Public servant acting in good faith under color of office (unless reasonable apprehension of death/GH)
- Second P → Act done in lawful exercise of right of Private defence by another person
Additional Limitations to Remember:
- Cannot cause more harm than necessary for defence
- No right when there is time to seek protection of public authorities (unless immediate danger of death/GH)
Section 90: When Consent is NOT Valid
What needs to be memorized: Two circumstances when consent does not serve as a valid defence
Mnemonic: "FM Radio pe consent nahi"
Think: "FM radio ki tarah - Fear aur Misconception mein consent invalid"
🔗 The Breakdown:
- F → Consent given under Fear of injury or wrongful restraint
- M → Consent given under Misconception of fact
Sections 82-84: Age and Mental Incapacity
What needs to be memorized: Age limits for infancy exception and mental capacity requirements
Mnemonic: "7 tak Free, 7-12 Check Maturity, Insane Check Understanding"
🔗 The Breakdown:
- Section 82 (Under 7 years) → Complete immunity - Nothing is an offence done by a child under 7 years
- Section 83 (7-12 years) → Conditional immunity - Not an offence if child has not attained sufficient maturity of understanding to judge nature and consequences of conduct
- Section 84 (Unsound mind) → No offence if incapable - Person of unsound mind who is incapable of knowing the nature of the act or that it is wrong/contrary to law
Sections 85-86: Intoxication - Voluntary vs Involuntary
What needs to be memorized: Different treatment of voluntary and involuntary intoxication
Mnemonic: "Majboori = Maaf, Masti = Musibat"
Alternative: "85-Forced=Free, 86-Fun=Foul"
🔗 The Breakdown:
- Section 85 (Majboori/Forced) → INVOLUNTARY intoxication (administered against will or without knowledge) = Complete defence
- Section 86 (Masti/Fun) → VOLUNTARY intoxication = NOT a defence (except for offences requiring specific intent or knowledge)
