Ans: (a) Explanation: This is the difference of squares pattern: \((a - b)(a + b) = a^2 - b^2\). So \((x - 7)(x + 7) = x^2 - 7^2 = x^2 - 49\). The middle terms cancel out. Options (c) and (d) incorrectly include a middle term, and option (b) has the wrong sign.
Ans: (a) Explanation: Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF), which is \(3x\). Dividing each term: \(3x^2 ÷ 3x = x\) and \(12x ÷ 3x = 4\). Therefore, \(3x^2 + 12x = 3x(x + 4)\). Option (b) doesn't fully factor out the GCF, (c) doesn't factor out x, and (d) has incorrect second term.
Ans: (a) Explanation: This is a perfect square trinomial: \((a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2\). Here \((x + 2)^2 = x^2 + 2(x)(2) + 2^2 = x^2 + 4x + 4\). Option (b) has incorrect middle coefficient, (c) is missing the middle term entirely, and (d) has wrong constant term.
Section B: Fill in the Blanks
Q9: The product of two binomials can be found using the __________ method, which stands for First, Outer, Inner, Last.
Solution:
Ans: FOIL Explanation: The FOIL method is a technique for multiplying two binomials by systematically multiplying each term in the first binomial by each term in the second binomial.
Q10: When factoring \(x^2 + bx + c\), you need to find two numbers that multiply to __________ and add to b.
Solution:
Ans: c Explanation: In a trinomial of the form \(x^2 + bx + c\), the two factors have the form \((x + m)(x + n)\) where \(m \cdot n = c\) and \(m + n = b\).
Q11: The expression \(a^2 - b^2\) can be factored as \((a - b)\)__________.
Solution:
Ans: \((a + b)\) Explanation: This is the difference of squares formula: \(a^2 - b^2 = (a - b)(a + b)\). It is one of the most important factoring patterns in algebra.
Q12: The expansion of \((x + 5)^2\) is \(x^2 + 10x +\) __________.
Solution:
Ans: 25 Explanation: Using the perfect square trinomial pattern \((a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2\), we get \((x + 5)^2 = x^2 + 2(5)x + 5^2 = x^2 + 10x + 25\).
Q13: Before factoring a polynomial, always look for a __________ that can be factored out first.
Solution:
Ans: greatest common factor (or GCF) Explanation: The first step in factoring is to identify and factor out the greatest common factor from all terms. This simplifies the remaining polynomial and makes further factoring easier.
Q14: The factored form of \(x^2 - 16\) is \((x - 4)\)__________.
Solution:
Ans: \((x + 4)\) Explanation: Since \(x^2 - 16 = x^2 - 4^2\), this is a difference of squares and factors as \((x - 4)(x + 4)\).
Section C: Word Problems
Q15: A rectangular garden has a length of \((x + 8)\) feet and a width of \((x + 3)\) feet. Write an expression in standard form for the area of the garden.
Solution:
Ans: The area of a rectangle is length × width. Area = \((x + 8)(x + 3)\) Using FOIL: First: \(x \cdot x = x^2\) Outer: \(x \cdot 3 = 3x\) Inner: \(8 \cdot x = 8x\) Last: \(8 \cdot 3 = 24\) Combining like terms: \(x^2 + 3x + 8x + 24 = x^2 + 11x + 24\) Final Answer: \(x^2 + 11x + 24\) square feet
Q16: A square picture frame has side length \((x + 6)\) inches. What is the area of the picture frame in terms of x?
Solution:
Ans: The area of a square is side × side, or (side)2. Area = \((x + 6)^2\) Using the perfect square trinomial pattern \((a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2\): \((x + 6)^2 = x^2 + 2(x)(6) + 6^2\) \(= x^2 + 12x + 36\) Final Answer: \(x^2 + 12x + 36\) square inches
Q17: The area of a rectangular whiteboard is \(x^2 + 9x + 20\) square inches. If the length is \((x + 5)\) inches, what is the width?
Solution:
Ans: Since Area = length × width, we need to factor the area expression. Factor \(x^2 + 9x + 20\): Find two numbers that multiply to 20 and add to 9: 4 and 5 \(x^2 + 9x + 20 = (x + 4)(x + 5)\) Given that length = \((x + 5)\), the width must be the other factor. Final Answer: \((x + 4)\) inches
Q18: A square patio has an area of \(x^2 - 100\) square feet. What is the length of one side of the patio? Express your answer in factored form.
Solution:
Ans: The area of a square is (side)2, so we need to find the square root of the area. First, factor \(x^2 - 100\) using the difference of squares: \(x^2 - 100 = x^2 - 10^2 = (x - 10)(x + 10)\) For a square, both dimensions are equal, so we need a perfect square. However, the problem asks for the side in factored form, recognizing that if Area = \((x - 10)(x + 10)\), this represents a difference of squares pattern. The side length would be \(\sqrt{(x-10)(x+10)}\), but since the area is already given as \(x^2 - 100\), the side is not factorable as a linear expression. Actually, if area of square = \(x^2 - 100\), then side = \(\sqrt{x^2 - 100}\). Final Answer: \(\sqrt{x^2 - 100}\) feet or \(\sqrt{(x-10)(x+10)}\) feet
Q19: A construction company is building a parking lot with length \((2x + 5)\) meters and width \((x - 3)\) meters. Find the area of the parking lot in standard form.
Solution:
Ans: Area = length × width Area = \((2x + 5)(x - 3)\) Using FOIL: First: \(2x \cdot x = 2x^2\) Outer: \(2x \cdot (-3) = -6x\) Inner: \(5 \cdot x = 5x\) Last: \(5 \cdot (-3) = -15\) Combining like terms: \(2x^2 - 6x + 5x - 15 = 2x^2 - x - 15\) Final Answer: \(2x^2 - x - 15\) square meters
Q20: The product of two consecutive even integers can be represented as \(x(x + 2)\) where x is the first even integer. If their product is \(x^2 + 2x\), factor this expression completely and verify it represents the product of the two consecutive even integers.
Solution:
Ans: Factor \(x^2 + 2x\): The GCF of both terms is x. \(x^2 + 2x = x(x + 2)\) Verification: This shows the first even integer (x) times the second consecutive even integer \((x + 2)\). For example, if \(x = 4\), then the consecutive even integers are 4 and 6. Product: \(4 \times 6 = 24\) Using the expression: \(4(4 + 2) = 4(6) = 24\) ✓ Final Answer: \(x(x + 2)\); this correctly represents the product of two consecutive even integers
The document Worksheet (with Solutions): Quadratics: Multiplying & Factoring is a part of the Grade 9 Course Mathematics: Algebra 1.
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