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Class 10 Exam  >  Class 10 Notes  >  Very Short Questions: Chapter 7 - Control & Coordination, Class 10, Science

Very Short Questions: Chapter 7 - Control & Coordination, Class 10, Science PDF Download

 
  1. What is a stimulus ?

         ANS : Any environmental factor that affects a living organism by showing changes is called astimulus.
     
  2. What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system in multicellular organisms ?

         ANS : Neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system in multicellular organisms.
     
  3. What does the nervous system do ?

         ANS : The nervous system controls and coordinates various activities in the body of an organism. 
     
  4. Mention some factors (stimuli) to which plants respond.

         ANS : Light, touch, water, gravitational force, insects, chemicals, etc are some stimuli to which plants respond.
     
  5. Mention some plant hormones.

         ANS : Auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, etc are some plant hormones. 
     
  6. Mention growth hormones of plants.

         ANS : Auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin are growth hormones of plants.
     
  7. Which hormones in plants are responsible for ripening of fruits and shedding of leaves ?

         ANS : Abscisic acid and ethylene are responsible for ripening of fruits and shedding of leaves.
     
  8. Which plant hormones retard growth ?

         ANS : Abscisic acid and ethylene retard growth.
     
  9. What is tropism ?

         ANS : The movement of curvature of plants in the direction of stimulus is known as tropism.
     
  10. What is phototropism ?

         ANS : The bending of a growing plant towards unidirectional light as a response to the illumination is called phototropism.
     
  11. What is geotropism ?

         ANS : Geotropism is a growth response of a plant to the force of gravitation (gravity) in which the roots show the downward movement.
     
  12. What is hydrotropism ?

         ANS : Hydrotropism is a growth response of a plant towards water shown by the growth of roots towards water.
     
  13. What is chemotropism ?

         ANS : Chemotropism is a growth response (movement) of a plant towards certain chemicals.
     
  14. Give an example of chemotropism.

         ANS : The germination of pollen grains and the development of pollen tube as a response to the chemicals secreted by the stigmatic surface is an example of chemotropism.
     
  15. Define : Nastic movement.

         ANS : A response of a plant to an external stimulus independent of its direction is callednastic movement.
     
  16. What is thigmonastic response ?

         ANS : The bending down or curling up of insectivorous plants, when touched by insects, is called thigmonastic movement.
     
  17. What is photoperiodism ?

         ANS : Photoperiodism is the response of some plants to the duration of light which mainly affects the flowering and germination in plants.
     
  18. Which specialised pigment is responsible for the photoperiodic response by plants ?

         ANS : Phytochrome is responsible for the photoperiodic response by plants.
     
  19. Which organisms possess nerve net ?

         ANS : Hydra and other cnidarians possess nerve net. 
     
  20. What does the nervous system of insects consist of ?

         ANS : The nervous system of insects consists of a bilobed nerve mass (brain), nerve cord and nerve ganglia.
     
  21. What is the function of receptors in nervous system ?

         ANS : Receptors receive the stimuli and pass the message to the brain with the help of sensory neuron.
     
  22. What is sensory neuron ?

         ANS : Sensory neuron is a nerve cell which receives the stimuli from receptor and passes the message to the brain.
     
  23. What is motor neuron ?

         ANS : Motor neuron is a nerve cell which receives information from brain, transmits it to effector organ and stimulates it to respond. 
     
  24. Through what do hormones reach the target organ ?

         ANS : Hormones reach the target organ through blood.
     
  25. What protects brain in human beings ?

         ANS : A bony box in the skull called cranium and three membranes called meninges protect the brain in human beings.
     
  26. What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid ?

         ANS : Cerebrospinal fluid acts as a cushion and protects the brain from mechanical shocks.
     
  27. Mention three regions of brain.

         ANS : The three regions of brain are : forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.
     
  28. What does forebrain consist of ?

         ANS : Forebrain consists of cerebrum and olfactory lobes.
     
  29. Mention the regions of cerebrum.

         ANS : The regions of cerebrum are : frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe. 
     
  30. Mention the centres located in frontal lobe region.

         ANS : Frontal lobe possesses the centres for voluntary muscular activities.
     
  31. Mention the centres located in parietal lobe region.

         ANS : Parietal lobe possesses the centres for temperature control, smell and touch.
     
  32. Mention the centres located in temporal lobe region.

         ANS : Temporal lobe possesses the centres for auditory and olfactory reception. 
     
  33. Mention the centres located in occipital lobe region.

         ANS : Occipital lobe possesses the centre for visual reception.
     
  34. Mention the regions of the midbrain.

         ANS : The midbrain has the regions for visual reception, auditory reception and touch. 
     
  35. Mention the parts of brainstem.

         ANS : Brainstem consists of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.
     
  36. What does hindbrain consist of ?

         ANS : Hindbrain consists of cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata.
     
  37. What is the function of cerebellum ?

         ANS : Cerebellum controls the rythmic movement of muscles, body balance and posture.
     
  38. Mention the centres possessed by medulla oblongata.

         ANS : Medulla oblongata possesses the centres to regulate heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, sneezing, vomiting, coughing, swallowing, hiccups, etc.
     
  39. What is reflex action ?

         ANS : Reflex action is an unconscious and involuntary response of effectors to a stimulus.
     
  40. What is reflex arc ?

         ANS : Reflex arc is the pathway through which a message from receptors is relayed by sensory nerves to the spinal cord which sends to effectors for response via motor nerve.
     
  41. Which organ performs reflex action ? When ?

         ANS : The spinal cord performs reflex action when the brain is busy or at rest.
     
  42. What is meant by autonomous nervous system ?

         ANS : The system responsible for the control of organs located in the body cavity without the awareness of the brain is called autonomous nervous system.
     
  43. Mention the organs controlled by the autonomous nervous system.

         ANS : Heart, blood vessels, glands, uterus, coelomic organs, etc are controlled by the autonomous nervous system.
     
  44. Mention two types of autonomous nervous system.

         ANS : Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are the two types of autonomous nervous system.
     
  45. Write the names of important glands.

         ANS : Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, pancreas, adrenal, testis, ovary, etc are important glands.
     
  46. Which gland is called the master gland ?

         ANS : Pituitary gland is called the master gland.
     
  47. Why is pituitary gland called the master gland ?

         ANS : Pituitary gland is called the master gland because it regulates the secretion of hormones by other glands.
     
  48. What controls the functioning of pituitary gland ?

         ANS : The secretion of hypothalamus controls the functioning of pituitary gland.
     
  49. What is the function of trophic hormones ?

         ANS : Trophic hormones regulate the secretion from other endocrine glands.
     
  50. Which hormone controls male characteristics ?

         ANS : Testosterone controls the male characteristics.
     
  51. What is the function of parathyroid hormone ?

         ANS : Parathyroid hormone regulates the level of calcium and phosphate in blood.
     
  52. Name growth inhibitors in plants.

         ANS : Abscisic acid and ethylene are growth inhibitors in plants.
     
  53. Which structure protects brain ?

         ANS : The structure consisting of cranium and three membranes called meninges having CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) in between them protects brain. 
     
  54. How are ganglia formed ?

         ANS : Ganglia are formed by the condensation of nerve nets at some junction in the body of insects.
     
  55. Explain the importance of cerebrospinal fluid.

         ANS :Cerebrospinal fluid between the meninges of brain act as a cushion and protect the brain against mechanical shock.
     
  56. What is the role of phytochrome in plants ?

         ANS :Phytochrome is a specialized pigment present in plants which plays an important role in control and coordination of plants with environmental stimuli.

 

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FAQs on Very Short Questions: Chapter 7 - Control & Coordination, Class 10, Science

1. What is the function of hormones in control and coordination?
Ans. Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands that regulate various physiological processes in the body. They play a crucial role in the control and coordination of body functions, including growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction.
2. How does the nervous system help in control and coordination?
Ans. The nervous system helps in control and coordination by transmitting electrical impulses through neurons. These impulses help in communication between different parts of the body and enable rapid responses to external stimuli. The nervous system also helps in the regulation of various physiological processes such as respiration, heart rate, and digestion.
3. What is the difference between a reflex action and a voluntary action?
Ans. A reflex action is an automatic response to a stimulus that occurs without conscious thought. It involves a simple nerve pathway that bypasses the brain and results in a rapid response. In contrast, a voluntary action is a conscious decision to perform a particular action. It involves complex neural pathways that require input from the brain and can be modified based on feedback.
4. What is the role of the hypothalamus in control and coordination?
Ans. The hypothalamus is a small region in the brain that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes. It helps in the control and coordination of the endocrine system by releasing hormones that stimulate or inhibit the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland. It also helps in the regulation of body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep-wake cycles.
5. How do drugs affect the nervous system and its function in control and coordination?
Ans. Drugs can affect the nervous system and its function in control and coordination by altering the transmission of nerve impulses. Some drugs act as neurotransmitters, while others interfere with the normal functioning of neurotransmitter receptors or enzymes. This can lead to changes in behavior, mood, and physiological processes. Some drugs can also damage neurons or disrupt the neural pathways involved in control and coordination, leading to impaired function.
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