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NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce PDF Download

Page No. 282:
Long Answers:
Question 1: Describe the procedure to prepare Cash Flow Statement.
Answer: The procedure to prepare Cash Flow Statement is described in the following steps in their chronological order.
Step 1: Ascertain the cash flows from operating activities
Step 2: Ascertain the cash flows from investing activities
Step 3: Ascertain the cash flows from financing activities
Step 4: Ascertain net increase or decrease by summing up the amounts of Steps 1, 2, and 3.
Step 5: Write the opening balance of cash and cash equivalents and deduct it from the amount ascertained in Step 4. The resulting figure arrived is the Closing Balance of Cash and Cash Equivalents.
There are two methods viz. Direct Method and Indirect Method for the preparation of Cash Flow Statement.

NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

NotePreparation of Cash Flow Statement using Direct Method has been excluded from the prescribed syllabus. The format is given since the question has not specified the method explicitly. Students can refer to the direct method for the knowledge purpose.

Question 2: Describe 'Indirect' methods of ascertaining Cash Flow from Operating Activities.
Answer: Indirect Method: This method starts with the Net Profit before tax and extraordinary items. For this purpose, the Net Profit as revealed by the Profit and Loss Account cannot be taken into consideration as there exists some items which do not leads to outflow of cash. The following are those items that need to be added back to the Net Profit of the Profit and Loss Account.
a. Non-cash items like, depreciation goodwill written off, etc are added to the Net Profit.
b. Non-operating expenses like loss on sale of fixed assets, transfers to reserves, loss on sale of fixed assets are added back to the Net Profit.
c. Provisions like, provisions for doubtful debts and discount for debtors, proposed dividends etc. should be added back to the Net Profit.
d. Decrease in current assets and increase in current liabilities should be added to the operating profit.

The following are those items that need to deduct from the Net Profit of the Profit and Loss Account.
a. Non-operating incomes like profit on sale of fixed assets, etc. are deducted from the Net Profit.
b. Non-trading Incomes like dividend received, interest received, tax refund, etc. are to be deducted from the Net Profit.
c. Increase in current assets and decrease in current liabilities should be deducted from the operating profit.

NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

Question 3: Explain the major Cash Inflow and outflows from investing activities.
Answer: Investing activities are those activities that are related to sales and purchases of long-term fixed assets like, land and building, plant and machinery, furniture, etc. These fixed assets are not held for resale. The activities like sale and purchase of investments that are not included in the cash equivalents are also included in Investing activities. Any income arising from such investments (assets) are regarded a part of investing activities.
As per the AS3, the major cash inflows and outflows from investing activities are as follows:
a. Cash payments to acquire fixed assets (including intangibles like, goodwill). These payments include capitalised cost of research and development and self constructed fixed assets.
b. Cash receipts from disposal of fixed assets (including intangible assets).
c. Cash payments to acquire shares, warrants, or debt instruments of other enterprises and interest in joint venture (other than payments of those instruments consider as cash equivalents and are held for the trading purposes).
d. Cash receipts from disposal of shares, warrants or debt instruments of other enterprises and interest from joint ventures (other than receipts from those held for trading purposes).
e. Cash advances and loans made to third parties (other than advances, and loans made by financial enterprises). These will be treated as cash flows from the operating activities.
f. Cash receipts from repayment of advances and loans made to third parties (other than advances and loans of financial enterprises). These will be treated as
cash flows from operating activities.
g. Cash receipts from insurance company for any property involved in accident.
h. Any income arising from fixed assets or investments like interest, dividend, rent etc. In case of financial enterprises interest and dividend is treated as operating activities.

Direct Method

Cash Flow Statement

 

Particulars

Amount

Rs

Amount

Rs

 

Net Cash Flow from (used in) Operating Activities

**

**

 

 

 

 

B.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

**

 

 

Sale of Fixed Assets

**

 

 

Sale of long-term Investments

**

 

 

Interest Received

**

 

 

Dividend Received

**

 

 

Rent Received

**

 

 

 

Less: Purchase of Fixed Assets

**

 

 

 

Less: Purchase of long-term Investments

**

 

 

Net Cash Flow from Investing Activities

**

**

 

Indirect Method

Cash Flow Statement

Particulars

Amount

Rs

Amount

Rs

Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities

 

***

 

 

 

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

**

 

Sale of Fixed Assets

**

 

Sale of Long-term Investments

**

 

Interest Received

**

 

Dividend Received

**

 

Rent Received

**

 

 

Less: Purchase of Fixed Assets

**

 

 

Less: Purchase of long term Investment

**

 

Net Cash Flow from Investing Activities

**

**

 

 

 

 

 

Note: Preparation of Cash Flow Statement using Direct Method has been excluded from the prescribed syllabus. The format is given since the question has not specified the method explicitly. Students can refer to the direct method for the knowledge purpose.

Question 4:  Explain the major Cash Inflows and outflows from financing activities.
Answer: 
Financing activities are those activities that are related to capital or long term funds of an enterprise. These activities results in the change in the capital and borrowed funds.
As per the AS3, the major cash inflows from financing activities are as follows:
a. Cash proceeds from issue of shares and other similar instruments.
b. Cash proceeds from issue of debentures, loans, notes, bonds, and other short and long-term borrowings.
As per the AS3, the major cash outflows from financing activities are as follows:
a. Cash repayments of the amount borrowed in form of debentures, loans, notes bonds, and other short and long-term borrowings.
b. Buy-back of shares and debentures.
c. Interest paid on debentures, loans, and advances.
d. Dividend paid to the preference shareholders and equity shareholders.
An important point that must be noted is that the purchase and sale of securities, interest paid or received and dividend received is treated as cash flow from operating activities for an investment company. But dividend paid is treated as cash flow from financing activities.

Direct Method

Cash Flow Statement

 

Particulars

Amount

Rs

Amount

Rs

 

Net Cash Flow from Investing Activities

**

**

 

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

 

 

 

Proceeds from Issue of Shares

**

 

 

Proceeds from Issue of Debentures and Other Long-term Borrowings

**

 

 

 

Less: Repayment of Debentures and Other Long-term Borrowings

**

 

 

 

Less: Redemption of Preference Shares

**

 

 

 

Less: Interest Paid

**

 

 

 

Less: Dividend Paid

**

 

 

Net Cash flow from Financing Activities

**

**

 

Net Increase (or Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents (A+B+C)

 

**

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents at the beginning (Cash in Hand,

Cash at Bank, Marketable Securities, Short-term Deposits)

 

**

 

Cash and Cash Equivalent at the end

 

**

 

Indirect Method

Cash Flow Statement

Particulars

Amount

Rs

Amount

Rs

Net Cash Flow from Investing Activities

**

**

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

 

 

Proceeds from Issue of shares

**

 

Proceeds from Issue of Debentures and other Long-term Borrowings

**

 

 

Less: Repayment of Debentures and other Long-term Borrowings

**

 

 

Less: Redemption of preference Share

**

 

 

Less: Interest paid

**

 

 

Less: Dividend paid

**

 

Net Cash Flow from Financing Activities

**

**

Net Increase (or Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents (A+B+C)

 

**

Cash and Cash Equivalents at the beginning (Cash in Hand,

Cash at Bank, Marketable Securities, Short-term Deposits)

 

**

Cash and Cash Equivalents at the end

 

**

NotePreparation of Cash Flow Statement using Direct Method has been excluded from the prescribed syllabus. The format is given since the question has not specified the method explicitly. Students can refer to the direct method for the knowledge purpose.

Page No 282:
Numerical Question:
Question 1:  Anand Ltd. arrived at a net income of Rs 5,00,000 for the year ended March 31, 2007. Depreciation for the year was Rs 2,00,000. There was a gain of Rs 50,000 on assets sold which was credited to profit and loss account. Bills Receivables increased during the year Rs 40,000 and Bills Payables also increased by Rs 60,000. Compute the cash flow operating activities by the indirect approach.
Answer:

Cash Flow from Operating Activities as on March 31, 2007

Particulars

Amount

Rs

Amount

Rs

 

 

 

Net Profit during the year

 

5,00,000

Items to be adjusted:

 

 

 

Add: Depreciation

2,00,000

 

 

Less: Gain on sale of assets

(50,000)

1,50,000

Operating Profit before Working Capital changes

 

6,50,000

 

Add: Increase in Bills Payable

60,000

 

 

Less: Increase in Bills Receivable

(40,000)

20,000

Net Cash from Operations

 

6,70,000

Page No 283:
Question 2: From the information given below you are required to prepare the cash paid for the inventory:

NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

Answer:
NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

Cash paid for Inventory amounts to Rs 1,59,500

Question 3: For each of the following transactions, calculate the resulting cash flow and state the nature of cash flow viz., operating, investing and financing.
(a) Acquired machinery for Rs 2,50,000 paying 20% drawn and executing a bond for the balance payable.
(b) Paid Rs 2,50,000 to acquire shares in Informa Tech. and received a dividend of Rs 50,000 after acquisition.
(c) Sold machinery of original cost Rs 2,00,000 with an accumulated depreciation of Rs 1,60,000 for Rs 60,000.
Answer:
(a) Amount Paid for Machinery =  NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce
Part payment Rs 50,000 for acquiring machinery Rs 2,50,000 is related with Investing Activities
(b)

 

Rs

Amount paid for acquiring shares

(2,50,000)

Dividend received

50,000

Net Cash used in Investing Activities

(2,00,000)

Amount paid to acquire assets and dividend received is a part of Investing Activities.

(c) Inflow of cash of Rs 60,000 on sale of machinery is a part Investing Activities.

Question 4: The following is the Profit and Loss Account of Yamuna Limited:

Statement of Profit and Loss of Yamuna Ltd.

for the Year ended March 31, 2007

Particulars

Note No.

Amount

(Rs)

i)

Revenue from Operations

 

10,00,000

ii)

Expenses

 

 

 

Cost of Material Consumed

1

50,000

 

Purchase of Stock-in-trade

 

5,00,000

 

Other Expenses

2

3,00,000

 

Total Expenses

 

8,50,000

iii)

Profit before Tax (I – ii)

 

1,50,000

Additional information:
(i) Trade debtors decrease by Rs 30,000 during the year.
(ii) Prepaid expenses increase by Rs 5,000 during the year.
(iii) Trade creditors decrease by Rs 15,000 during the year.
(iv) Outstanding expenses increased by Rs 3,000 during the year.
(v) Operating expenses included depreciation of Rs 25,000. Compute net cash provided by operations for the year ended March 31, 2007 by the indirect method.
Answer: Cash Flow from Operating Activities of Yamuna Limited as on March 31, 2017 

NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

 Note: As per the solution, the Net Cash from Operating Activities is Rs 2,38,000, however, as per the answer given in the book is Rs 2,18,000.

The document NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement | Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce is a part of the Commerce Course Accountancy Class 12.
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FAQs on NCERT Solution (Part - 2) - Cash Flow Statement - Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

1. What is a cash flow statement and why is it important?
Ans. A cash flow statement is a financial statement that shows the inflow and outflow of cash during a specific period. It provides information about the cash generated from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. The statement helps to assess the liquidity and financial health of a company. It is important because it allows investors, creditors, and management to evaluate the cash flow position of a company and its ability to meet its financial obligations.
2. How is a cash flow statement different from an income statement?
Ans. A cash flow statement and an income statement are two different financial statements that provide different information about a company's financial performance. An income statement shows the revenues, expenses, and net income of a company during a specific period. It includes non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization. On the other hand, a cash flow statement focuses on cash transactions only and excludes non-cash items. It shows the actual cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities. While an income statement is used to assess the profitability of a company, a cash flow statement helps to evaluate the cash generation and liquidity of a company.
3. How can a cash flow statement be used by investors?
Ans. Investors can use a cash flow statement to assess the financial health of a company and make informed investment decisions. By analyzing the cash flow statement, investors can evaluate the cash generation capability of a company and its ability to pay dividends or reinvest in the business. Investors can also use the cash flow statement to monitor the company's cash flow trends over time. Positive cash flow from operating activities indicates that the company is generating sufficient cash to cover its expenses, while negative cash flow may indicate financial difficulties. Additionally, the cash flow statement provides insights into the company's investing and financing activities, which helps investors understand how the company is utilizing its resources and financing its operations.
4. How does a cash flow statement help in assessing the liquidity position of a company?
Ans. The cash flow statement helps in assessing the liquidity position of a company by providing information about the cash inflows and outflows from operating activities. It shows whether a company is generating sufficient cash from its core operations to meet its short-term obligations. By analyzing the cash flow statement, one can compare the cash generated from operations with the company's current liabilities. If the cash generated is significantly higher than the current liabilities, it indicates a healthy liquidity position. However, if the cash generated is lower than the current liabilities, it may raise concerns about the company's ability to meet its short-term obligations. In addition to operating activities, the cash flow statement also provides information about the cash inflows and outflows from investing and financing activities, which further helps in assessing the overall liquidity position of a company.
5. How can a cash flow statement be used to detect financial irregularities or manipulation?
Ans. A cash flow statement can be used as a tool to detect financial irregularities or manipulation. By analyzing the cash flow statement, one can identify inconsistencies between reported profits and actual cash flows. For example, if a company reports high profits but shows negative cash flow from operating activities, it may indicate aggressive revenue recognition or manipulation of accounting practices. Similarly, if a company consistently reports positive cash flow from operating activities but has declining profits, it may raise concerns regarding the quality of earnings. By comparing the cash flow statement with other financial statements, such as the income statement and balance sheet, and analyzing the trends and patterns over time, one can identify potential red flags and investigate further for any financial irregularities or manipulation.
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