NCERT Solutions Chapter 9 - Areas of Parallelograms (II), Class 9, Maths PDF Download

5. D, E and F are respectively the mid-points of the sides BC, CA and AB of a ΔABC.
 Show that
 (i) BDEF is a parallelogram.         

(ii) ar(DEF) = 1/4 ar(ABC)

(iii) ar (BDEF) = 1/2 ar(ABC)

 Answer

(i) In ΔABC,
EF || BC and EF = 1/2 BC (by mid point theorem)
also,
BD = 1/2 BC (D is the mid point)
So, BD = EF
also,
BF and DE will also parallel and equal to each other.
Thus, the pair opposite sides are equal in length and parallel to each other.
∴ BDEF is a parallelogram.

(ii) Proceeding from the result of (i),
BDEF, DCEF, AFDE are parallelograms.
Diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two triangles of equal area.
∴ ar(ΔBFD) = ar(ΔDEF) (For parallelogram BDEF) --- (i)
also,
ar(ΔAFE) = ar(ΔDEF) (For parallelogram DCEF) --- (ii)
ar(ΔCDE) = ar(ΔDEF) (For parallelogram AFDE) --- (iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii)
ar(ΔBFD) = ar(ΔAFE) = ar(ΔCDE) = ar(ΔDEF)
⇒ ar(ΔBFD) + ar(ΔAFE) + ar(ΔCDE) + ar(ΔDEF) = arar(ΔABC)
⇒ 4 ar(ΔDEF) = ar(ΔABC) 
⇒ ar(DEF) = 1/4 ar(ABC)

(iii) Area (parallelogram BDEF) = ar(ΔDEF) + ar(ΔBDE) 
⇒ ar(parallelogram BDEF) = ar(ΔDEF) + ar(ΔDEF)
⇒ ar(parallelogram BDEF) = 2× ar(ΔDEF) ⇒ ar(parallelogram BDEF) = 2× 1/4  ar(ΔABC) ⇒ar(parallelogram BDEF) = 1/2 ar(ΔABC)

6. In Fig. 9.25, diagonals AC and BD of quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O such that OB = OD.
 If AB = CD, then show that:
 (i) ar (DOC) = ar (AOB)
 (ii) ar (DCB) = ar (ACB)
 (iii) DA || CB or ABCD is a parallelogram.
 [Hint : From D and B, draw perpendiculars to AC.]

Answer

Given,
OB = OD and AB = CD
Construction, 
DE ⊥ AC and BF ⊥ AC are drawn.
Proof:
(i) In ΔDOE and ΔBOF,
∠DEO = ∠BFO (Perpendiculars)
∠DOE = ∠BOF (Vertically opposite angles)
OD = OB (Given)
Therefore, ΔDOE ≅ ΔBOF by AAS congruence condition.
Thus, DE = BF (By CPCT) --- (i)
also, ar(ΔDOE) = ar(ΔBOF) (Congruent triangles) --- (ii)
Now,
In ΔDEC and ΔBFA,
∠DEC = ∠BFA (Perpendiculars)
CD = AB (Given)
DE = BF (From i)
Therefore,ΔDEC ≅ ΔBFA by RHS congruence condition.
Thus, ar(ΔDEC) = ar(ΔBFA) (Congruent triangles) --- (iii)
Adding (ii) and (iii),
ar(ΔDOE) + ar(ΔDEC) = ar(ΔBOF) + ar(ΔBFA)
⇒ ar (DOC) = ar (AOB)

(ii)  ar(ΔDOC) = ar(ΔAOB) 
⇒ ar(ΔDOC) + ar(ΔOCB) = ar(ΔAOB) + ar(ΔOCB)
 (Adding ar(ΔOCB) to both sides)  ⇒ ar(ΔDCB) = ar(ΔACB)  

(iii)  ar(ΔDCB) = ar(ΔACB) If two triangles are having same base and equal areas, these will be between same parallels DA || BC --- (iv) For quadrilateral ABCD, one pair of opposite sides are equal (AB = CD) and other pair of opposite sides are parallel. Therefore, ABCD is parallelogram  

7. D and E are points on sides AB and AC respectively of  ΔABC such that ar(DBC) = ar(EBC). Prove that DE || BC.   

Answer 

ΔDBC and ΔEBC are on the same base BC and also having equal areas. Therefore, they will lie between the same parallel lines. Thus, DE || BC.

8. XY is a line parallel to side BC of a triangle ABC. If BE || AC and CF || AB meet XY at E and F respectively, show that
 ar(ΔABE) = ar(ΔAC)

Answer

Given,
XY || BC, BE || AC and CF || AB
To show,
ar(ΔABE) = ar(ΔAC)
Proof:
EY || BC (XY || BC) --- (i)
also,
BE∥ CY (BE || AC) --- (ii)
From (i) and (ii),
BEYC is a parallelogram. (Both the pairs of opposite sides are parallel.)
Similarly,
BXFC is a parallelogram.
Parallelograms on the same base BC and between the same parallels EF and BC.
⇒ ar(BEYC) = ar(BXFC) (Parallelograms on the same base BC and between the same parallels EF and BC) --- (iii)
Also,
△AEB and parallelogram BEYC are on the same base BE and between the same parallels BE and AC.
⇒ ar(△AEB) = 1/2ar(BEYC) --- (iv)
Similarly,
△ACF and parallelogram BXFC on the same base CF and between the same parallels CF and AB.
⇒ ar(△ ACF) = 1/2ar(BXFC) --- (v)
From (iii), (iv) and (v),
ar(△AEB) = ar(△ACF)

9. The side AB of a parallelogram ABCD is produced to any point P. A line through A and parallel to CP meets CB produced at Q and then parallelogram PBQR is completed (see Fig. 9.26). Show that
 ar(ABCD) = ar(PBQR).
 [Hint : Join AC and PQ. Now compare ar(ACQ) and ar(APQ).]

Answer

AC and PQ are joined.
ar(△ACQ) = ar(△APQ) (On the same base AQ and between the same parallel lines AQ and CP)
⇒ ar(△ACQ) - ar(△ABQ) = ar(△APQ) - ar(△ABQ)
⇒ ar(△ABC) = ar(△QBP) --- (i)
AC and QP are diagonals ABCD and PBQR. Thus,
ar(ABC) = 1/2 ar(ABCD) --- (ii)
ar(QBP) = 1/2 ar(PBQR) --- (iii)
From (ii) and (ii),
1/2 ar(ABCD) = 1/2 ar(PBQR)
⇒ ar(ABCD) = ar(PBQR)

10. Diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with AB || DC intersect each other at O. Prove that ar (AOD) = ar (BOC).

 Answer

△DAC and △DBC lie on the same base DC and between the same parallels AB and CD.
∴  ar(△DAC) = ar(△DBC)
⇒ ar(△DAC) − ar(△DOC) = ar(△DBC) − ar(△DOC)
⇒ ar(△AOD) = ar(△BOC)

11. In Fig. 9.27, ABCDE is a pentagon. A line through B parallel to AC meets DC produced at F.
 Show that
 (i) ar(ACB) = ar(ACF)
 (ii) ar(AEDF) = ar(ABCDE) 

Answer

(i) △ACB and △ACF lie on the same base AC and between the same parallels AC and BF.

∴ ar(△ACB) = ar(△ ACF)

(ii) ar(△ACB) = ar(△ACF) 

⇒ ar(△ACB) + ar(△ACDE) = ar(△ACF) + ar(△ACDE) 

⇒ ar(ABCDE) = ar(△AEDF)

12. A villager Itwaari has a plot of land of the shape of a quadrilateral. The Gram Panchayat of the village decided to take over some portion of his plot from one of the corners to construct a Health Centre. Itwaari agrees to the above proposal with the condition that he should be given equal amount of land in lieu of his land adjoining his plot so as to form a triangular plot. Explain how this proposal will be implemented.

Answer

Let ABCD be the plot of the land of the shape of a quadrilateral.

Construction,

Diagonal BD is joined. AE is drawn parallel BD. BE is joined which intersected AD at O. △BCE is the shape of the original field and △AOB is the area for constructing health centre. Also, △DEO land joined to the plot.
To prove:
ar(△DEO) = ar(△AOB)
Proof:
△DEB and △DAB lie on the same base BD and between the same parallel lines BD and AE.
ar(△DEB) = ar(△DAB)
⇒ ar(△DEB) - ar△DOB) = ar(△DAB) - ar(△DOB) 

⇒ ar(△DEO) = ar(△AOB)

13. ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC. A line parallel to AC intersects AB at X and BC at Y. Prove that ar (ADX) = ar (ACY).

[Hint : Join CX.]

Answer

Given,

ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC.

XY || AC

Construction,

CX is joined.

To Prove,

ar(ADX) = ar(ACY)

Proof:
ar(△ADX) = ar(△AXC) --- (i) (On the same base AX and between the same parallels AB and CD)
also,

ar(△ AXC)=ar(△ ACY) --- (ii) (On the same base AC and between the same parallels XY and AC.)
From (i) and (ii),

ar(△ADX)=ar(△ACY)

14. In Fig.9.28, AP || BQ || CR. Prove that
 ar(AQC) = ar(PBR).

Answer

Given,

AP || BQ || CR

To Prove,

ar(AQC) = ar(PBR)

Proof:

ar(△AQB) = ar(△PBQ) --- (i) (On the same base BQ and between the same parallels AP and BQ.)
also,

ar(△BQC) = ar(△BQR) --- (ii) (On the same base BQ and between the same parallels BQ and CR.)
Adding (i) and (ii),
ar(△AQB) + ar(△BQC) = ar(△PBQ) + ar(△BQR) 

⇒ ar(△ AQC) = ar(△ PBR)

15. Diagonals AC and BD of a quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O in such a way that ar(AOD) = ar(BOC). Prove that ABCD is a trapezium.

 Answer

Given,
ar(△AOD) = ar(△BOC)

To Prove,

ABCD is a trapezium.

Proof:

ar(△AOD) = ar(△BOC)

⇒ ar(△AOD) + ar(△AOB) = ar(△BOC) + ar(△AOB) 

⇒ ar(△ADB) = ar(△ACB)
Areas of △ADB and △ACB are equal. Therefore, they must lying between the same parallel lines.
Thus, AB ∥  CD

Therefore, ABCD is a trapezium.

16. In Fig.9.29, ar(DRC) = ar(DPC) and ar(BDP) = ar(ARC). Show that both the quadrilaterals ABCD and DCPR are trapeziums.

Answer

Given,

ar(DRC) = ar(DPC) and ar(BDP) = ar(ARC)

To Prove,

ABCD and DCPR are trapeziums.

Proof:

ar(△BDP) = ar(△ARC)

⇒ ar(△BDP) - ar(△DPC) = ar(△DRC)

⇒ ar(△BDC) = ar(△ADC)

ar(△BDC) = ar(△ADC). Therefore, they must lying between the same parallel lines.
Thus, AB ∥ CD

Therefore, DCPR is a trapezium.

also,

ar(DRC) = ar(DPC). Therefore, they must lying between the same parallel lines.
Thus, DC ∥ PR

Therefore, DCPR is a trapezium.