Class 6 Civics Chapter 8 Notes - Urban Livelihoods

Urban Livelihoods

• India can easily boast of as many as five thousand towns and nearly twenty-seven big cities.
• These big cities are also known as metropolis or simply as metros. They have a population of more than a million people each.
• The big cities are Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and Kolkata. In these cities, more than a million people live and work.  

Occupations

• There are three types of occupation: primary, secondary and tertiary. In primary occupation people are engaged in agriculture, in secondary occupation people are engaged in manufacturing and processing or raw material, in tertiary occupations they are engaged in providing services.  

Types of Livelihoods

• Vendors and Government Measures: There are some shops on the pavement. Vendors sell things prepared at home like snacks or food. Street vending is an obstruction to traffic. The government has introduced measures to reduce the number of vendors. Hawking zones have been suggested for towns and cities.
• Market: Markets in the cities are crowded during the festivals. There are different shops selling sweets, toys, clothes, footwear, utensils, electronic goods, etc.
• Business Persons: In cities, there are people who own shoes in various markets. Harpreet, a businesswoman, opened readymade showrooms. She buys the materials from different cities of India like Mumbai, Ahmedabad, etc. and some items even from foreign countries.
• Showrooms: Businesspersons are not employed by anyone but they employ a number of workers as supervisors and helpers. They get a licence from the Municipal Corporations to open showrooms.
• Shops in Market Place: Medical clinics are also set up in the market place. The dental clinic helps people to solve tooth problems. Next to the dental clinic is a cloth showroom with three floors. 
• Factory area: A factory area consists of small workshops. In one of the factories, people work on sewing machines and stitch clothes. In another section, the stitched clothes are stacked. Many women work as tailors in the export garment unit. 
• Factory Workshop Area: Some groups of people stand in a place called “labour chowk”. They are the daily wage labourers who work as helpers to masons. They also work at construction sites and lift loads or unload trucks in the market. 
• Salespersons: Sales-persons work is to get orders from shopkeepers and collect payments from them. Each sales-person is responsible for a particular region. 
• Marketing Manager: A Marketing Manager’s task is to manage the marketing resources of a product or business. He can be an in-charge of a single product or brand or can be a General Manager responsible for a broad array of products and services.

Urban life is different from rural life