NCERT Solutions for Class 5 EVS Chapter 4 - Mangoes Round the Year

Discuss

 Q.1. How did Aman know that the potato sabzi had got spoiled?
Ans. He came to know this from its smell.

Q.2. Have you ever seen some food that has gone spoiled? How did you know that it was spoiled?
Ans. Yes, I have seen foods that have gone spoiled. When a portion of food spoils, it smells bad, and its color also changes.
Spoiled fruits

 Q.3. Preeti told Nitu not to eat the potato sabzi. What would have happened if she had eaten it?
Ans. If Nitu had eaten the potato sabzi, she might have fallen ill.

Write

Q.1. Look in your kitchen and write down the names of food items that

-can get spoilt in 2-3 days
Ans. Food items that get spoilt in 2-3 days are milk, boiled rice, curries, bread, etc.

Spoilt bread

-can be kept for a week
Ans. Food items that can be kept for a week are onion, potato, carrots, etc.

- would not spoil till one month
Ans. Food items that won't get spoiled for a month are ghee, raw rice, pickle, grains, etc.

Ghee and raw rice

 Q.2. Look at your friend’s list and discuss it in class.
Ans. My friend’s list has almost the same foods as milk, dal, roti, cooked rice, green vegetables, etc., which can get spoiled in two or three days. Potato, onion, some sweets like murabba, etc. It can last up to a week, and rice flour, pulses, spices, ghee, and pickles can easily be used for up to a month or even more.

 Q.3. Will your list be the same for all seasons?
Ans. No, based on the different seasons, the list changes. During summers, green leafy vegetables may get spoilt for a day due to the dryness, usually, in winter, leafy vegetables may last for 3 days or so due to the coolness. In the rainy season, it may not last long due to moisture.

Spoilt lettuce

Q.4. When food gets spoiled in your house, what do you do with it?
Ans. When food gets spoiled in my house, we dump it in the garbage box.

Biji Returned the bread

 Aman’s Biji went to the market to buy bread. The shop was very crowded. The shopkeeper picked up a packet of bread and gave it to Biji. She looked at it and returned it immediately.

Q.1. Look at the picture of the bread packed here and guess why Biji returned it. How did she find the bread had got spoiled?

Ans. Biji returned the bread because she could see that it had been spoiled. Also, its expiry date had passed. The expiry date of a branded food product is usually mentioned in it.

Q2. How did she find that the bread had got spoilt?
Ans. She found out that the bread had got spoilt by seeing the black spots on it.

Find Out

Q.1. What can we know from what is written on the packet?
Ans. We know about the price, weight, manufacturing date, and expiry date of the product.

Information given on the packet Q.2. When you buy anything from the market, what do you look for on the packet?
Ans. I check out its manufacturing and expiry dates, its maximum retail price (MRP), and its weight.

How does food get spoiled?

The whole class can do this experiment together. Take a piece of bread or roti. Sprinkle a few drops of water on it, and put it in a box. Close the box. See the bread or roti every day until you find some changes on it. Make this table on chart paper and put it up in the classroom. Fill up the chart every day after discussing the changes seen.

Ans.

 Q.1. Find out the reason for these changes. From where did the fungus come on the bread?
Ans. These changes occur due to the rotting of the bread. The spores of the fungus are present in the air, which begin to grow when they get a conducive condition.

Rotten bread

 Q.2. Different kinds of food items spoil due to different reasons. Some foods spoil soon, some stay good for long. List some seasons and conditions in which food spoils quickly.
Ans. Food spoils quickly in the rainy and summer seasons.

Conditions in which food spoils quickly:

(i) The cooked food is left open.

(ii) If milk is not boiled properly.

(iii) If green vegetables are not kept in a cool place e.g. refrigerator.

(iv) If pickles, murabba, etc. are not procured from moisture.

Write

Q.1. Why were sugar and jaggery mixed into the mango pulp and dried in the sun?
Ans. To make mamidi tandra (aam papad).

Mamidi tandra (Aam papad)Q.2. Why did Appa first choose the ripest mangoes to be used for making the mamidi tandra?
Ans. Appa first chose the ripest mangoes to be used for making the mamidi tandra because the riped ones contain more juice with less fiber.

Riped Mango

Q.3. How did the brothers make the mamidi tandra? Write down step-by-step what they did for this.
Ans. The following steps were involved in the making of mamidi tandra

• To make mamidi tandra, first, they bought a mat, casuarina, poles, string created of coconut husk, some jaggery, and sugar. 
• In a sunny spot in the backyard, they made a high platform using poles and mats. 
• Then in a vessel, they extracted pulp and juice from ripe mangoes and after adding jaggery and sugar in equal amounts, they spread this pulp into a thin layer over the mat. 
• The thin layer was left to dry in the sum. 
• The process was repeated daily until the layer grew four centimeters thick. Then after a few days, the layer was taken out and cut into pieces.

 Q.4. What things are made in your house from ripe and unripe mangoes?
Ans. In my house pickles, chutney, etc. are made from unripe mangoes and aam papad is made from ripe mangoes.

Q.5. Make a list of all the different types of pickles that you know about?
Ans. Pickles are made up of

(i) Mango (sweet and sour)

(ii) Amla (both sweet and sour)

(iii) Chilli (red and green)

(iv) Lemon

(v) Jackfruit

(vi) Carrot

Find Out and Discuss

Q.1. Is there any kind of pickle made in your house? What kind of pickle is it? Who makes it? From whom did they learn to make the pickle?
Ans. Yes, in my house, pickles of mango, lemon, amla, and chili are made. My mother makes these pickles. She learned this from her mother.

Mango, chillis and lemon pickle

Q.2. What all things are needed to make anyone type of pickle in your house? How is the pickle made? Find out the recipe and write.
Ans. To make a pickle, the things needed are 

(1) The fruit or vegetable 

(2) Garlic, chilly powder, turmeric powder, ginger, aniseed, methi, salt, mustard oil, etc.

Procedure to make a pickle: 

(1) First, the fruit or vegetable of which the pickle is to be made is cut and dried up thoroughly in the sun. 

(2) Then, after mixing it with all the spices, salt, and oil, it is kept in a dry glass jar and left undisturbed for a few weeks. 

In this way, pickles are made.

Q.3. How are these things made in your house?

 Papad, Chutney, Badiyan.
Ans. 
Papad: It is of different types like papad made up of urad, sago (Saboodnana), potato, etc. 

First, urad grains are boiled and ground up to make papad of urad. Then salt and different spices are mixed up in it according to one’s taste and the dough is prepared. After that, small pieces of this dough are taken and rolled out to make thin round-like structures. These are then dried up.

Papad

 Chutney: The fruit or vegetable for which the chutney is to be made is ground up and according to taste, salt and spices are added to it. 

ChutneyBadiyan: To make badiyan, urad grains are soaked in water and then ground up. After that, salt and spices are added up according to taste. The small lumps are taken and put on a clean cloth and dried up in the sun.

Badiyan

Q.4. It is a two-day journey by train from Pune to Kolkata. If you were to go on this trip, what food items would you carry with you? How would you pack them? Make a list on the blackboard of all the packed food. What food would you eat first?
Ans. I will carry those food items which would not get spoiled for up to two or three days and will keep these things in dry containers or packets.

I will carry roti or paranthas, sabji, biscuits, chips, fruits, dry fruits, curd, sattu, chiwda, sweets like peda, lady, murabba, etc.

First, I will consume roti or paranthas, curd, and sabzi because these can spoil soon.

What we have Learned

Q.1. Glass jars and bottles are dried well in the sun before filling them with pickles. Why is this done? Do you remember what happened to the bread in the experiment?
Ans. This is done to make these glass jars and bottles moisture-free. I do remember what happened to bread in the experiment. When moist bread was left in a cool, damp place, it spoiled due to fungus. If any moisture is left out in these containers, the result may be the same.

Q2. To eat mangoes around the year we make different items like pickle, aam papad, chutney, chikky, etc. List some other food with which we make different things so that we can enjoy it throughout the year.
Ans. Here are a few other foods with which we make different things so that we can enjoy them throughout the year.

• Murabba is prepared from white gourd and amla.

• Peda is made from milk.

• Banana chips are made so that they last longer.

• Vegetables are dried in the sun for later use.