Class 9 Exam  >  Class 9 Notes  >  NCERT Solution - Work and Energy, Class 9, Science

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 10 - Work and Energy

In Text Questions

Page No: 40

1. Give an example of a metal which

(i) is a liquid at room temperature.

► Mercury

(ii) can be easily cut with a knife.
► Sodium

(iii) is the best conductor of heat.

► Silver

(iv) is a poor conductor of heat.
► Mercury and Lead
 

2.Explain the meanings of malleable and ductile.

Answer

Malleable:Substances that can be beaten into thin sheets are called malleable. For example, most of the metals are malleable.
Ductile: Substances that can be drawn into thin wires are called ductile. For example, most of the metals are ductile.


 
Page no: 46
 

1. Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?

Answer

Sodium is high reactive element. If it is kept in open it can explosively react with oxygen to catch fire. Hence to prevent accidental damage sodium is immersed in kerosene oil.

2. Write equations for the reactions of
(i) iron with steam
(ii) calcium and potassium with water


Answer

(i) 3Fe (s)  4H2O (g) → Fe3O4 (aq)  4H2 (g)

(ii) Ca (s)  2H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq)  H2 (g)  Heat
      2K (s)  2H2O (l) → 2KOH (aq)  H2 (g)  Heat

3. Samples of four metals A, B, C and D were taken and added to the following solution one by one. The results obtained have been tabulated as follows.

Metals,and,Non,10th,Class,Ncert

Use the Table above to answer the following questions about metals A, B, C and D.
(i) Which is the most reactive metal?
(ii) What would you observe if B is added to a solution of copper (II) sulphate?
(iii) Arrange the metals A, B, C and D in the order of decreasing reactivity.


Answer

(i) B is most reactive metal.
(ii) B will displace copper from copper sulphate.
(iii) Arrangement of metals in the order of decreasing reactivity B>A>C>D.

4. Which gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal? Write the chemical reaction when iron reacts with dilute H2SO4.

Answer

Hydrogen gas is evolved when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal.

When iron reacts with dilute H2SO4, iron (II) sulphate with the evolution of hydrogen gas is formed.Fe (s)  H2SO4 (aq) → FeSO4 (aq)  H2 (g)

5. What would you observe when zinc is added to a solution of iron (II) sulphate? Write the chemical reaction that takes place.


Answer

When zinc is added to iron (II) sulphate then it will displace the iron from iron sulphate solution as shown in the following chemical reaction.

Zn (s)  FeSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq)  Fe (s)


Page No: 49

1. (i) Write the electron-dot structures for sodium, oxygen and magnesium.
(ii) Show the formation of Na2O and MgO by the transfer of electrons.
(iii) What are the ions present in these compounds?


Answer

(i) The representation of elements with valence electrons as dots around the elements is referred to as electron-dot structure for elements.

Metals,and,Non,10th,Class,Ncert

(ii)

Metals,and,Non,10th,Class,Ncert

(iii) The ions present in Na2O are Na and O2- ions and in MgO are Mg2 and O2- ions.

2. Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Answer

Ionic compounds have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions. Therefore, it requires a lot of energy to overcome these forces. That is why ionic compounds have high melting points.


 
Page No: 53
 
1. Define the following terms.
(i) Mineral (ii) Ore (iii) Gangue
 
Answer
 

(i) Mineral: The naturally occurring compounds of elements are known as Mineral.
(ii) Ore: Minerals from which metals can be extracted profitably are known as ores.
(iii) Gangue: The impurities present in the ore such as sand, rocks etc are non as gangue.

2. Name two metals which are found in nature in the free state.

Answer

The metals at the bottom of the reactivity series are mostly found in free state. For example: gold, silver, and platinum.

3. What chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide?

Answer

A metal can be extracted from its oxide by the process of reduction.

Metals,and,Non,10th,Class,Ncert

Page No: 55


1. Metallic oxides of zinc, magnesium and copper were heated with the following metals.
 

Metals,and,Non,10th,Class,Ncert

In which cases will you find displacement reactions taking place?
Answer

Metals,and,Non,10th,Class,Ncert

2. Which metals do not corrode easily?

Answer

Metals which have low reactivity such as silver, gold does not corrode easily.

3. What are alloys?

Answer

An alloy is the homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or metals and non metals. For example brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.



Page No: 56

Excercise

1. Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions?
(a) NaCl solution and copper metal
(b) MgCl2solution and aluminium metal
(c) FeSO4solution and silver metal
(d) AgNO3solution and copper metal.

► (d) AgNO3solution and copper metal.

2. Which of the following methods is suitable for preventing an iron frying pan from rusting?
(a) Applying grease
(b) Applying paint
(c) Applying a coating of zinc
(d) all of the above.

► (c) Applying a coating of zinc

3. An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be
(a) calcium
(b) carbon
(c) silicon
(d) iron

► (a) calcium

4. Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because
(a) zinc is costlier than tin.
(b) zinc has a higher melting point than tin.

(c) zinc is more reactive than tin.
(d) zinc is less reactive than tin.

► (c) zinc is more reactive than tin.

5. You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, wires and a switch.

(a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals?
(b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-metals
.


Anwer

(a) With the hammer, we can beat the sample and if it can be beaten into thin sheets (that is, it is malleable), then it is a metal otherwise a non-metal. Similarly, we can use the battery, bulb, wires, and a switch to set up a circuit with the sample. If the sample conducts electricity, then it is a metal otherwise a non-metal.

(b) The above tests are useful in distinguishing between metals and non-metals as these are based on the physical properties. No chemical reactions are involved in these tests.

 

6. What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides.


Answer
 
Those oxides that behave as both acidic and basic oxides are called amphoteric oxides.
Examples: aluminium oxide (Al2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO)

7. Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids, and two metals which will not.


Answer

Iron and aluminium will displace hydrogen from dilute acids as they more reactive then hydrogen. Mercury and copper cannot displace hydrogen from dilute acids as they are less reactive than hydrogen.



Page No: 57

8. In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte?


Answer

In the electrolytic refining of a metal M:
Anode → Impure metal M
Cathode → Thin strip of pure metal M
Electrolyte → Solution of salt of the metal M

 
9. Pratyush took sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it. He collected the gas evolved by inverting a test tube over it, as shown in figure below.

Metals,and,Non,10th,Class,Ncert

(a) What will be the action of gas on
(i) dry litmus paper?
(ii) moist litmus paper?

 

(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place.


Answer

(a)

(i) There will be no action on dry litmus paper.

(ii) The colour of litmus paper will turn red because sulphur is a non-metal and the oxides of non-metal are acidic in nature.


(b) S (s)  O2(g) → SO2 (g)

10. State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.

Answer

Two ways to prevent the rusting of iron are:
→ Oiling, greasing, or painting: By applying oil, grease, or paint, the surface becomes water proof and the moisture and oxygen present in the air cannot come into direct contact with iron. Hence, rusting is prevented.
→ Galvanisation:An iron article is coated with a layer of zinc metal, which prevents the iron to come in contact with oxygen and moisture. Hence, rusting is prevented.

11. What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen?

Answer

When non-metals are combined with oxygen then neutral or acidic oxides are formed. Examples of acidic oxides are NO2, SO2 and examples of neutral oxides are NO, CO etc.

12. Give reasons

(a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery.

(b) Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil.
(c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make utensils for cooking.
(d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction.


Answer

(a) Platinum, gold, and silver are used to make jewellery because they are very lustrous. Also, they are very less reactive and do not corrode easily.

(b) Sodium, potassium, and lithium are very reactive metals and react very vigorously with air as well as water.Therefore, they are kept immersed in kerosene oil in order to prevent their contact with air and moisture.

(c) Though aluminium is a highly reactive metal, it is resistant to corrosion. This is because aluminium reacts with oxygen present in air to form a thin layer of aluminium oxide. This oxide layer is very stable and prevents further reaction of aluminium with oxygen. Also, it is light in weight and a good conductor of heat. Hence, it is used to make cooking utensils.

(d) Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction because metals can be easily extracted from their oxides rather than from their carbonates and sulphides.

13. You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice. Explain why these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels.

Answer

Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in air to form copper carbonate and as a result, copper vessel loses its shiny brown surface forming a green layer of copper carbonate. The citric acid present in the lemon or tamarind neutralises the basis copper carbonate and dissolves the layer. That is why, tarnished copper vessels are cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice to give the surface of the copper vessel its characteristic lustre.

14. Differentiate between metal and non-metal on the basis of their chemical properties.

Answer

Metals,and,Non,10th,Class,Ncert

15. A man went door to door posing as a goldsmith. He promised to bring back the glitter of old and dull gold ornaments. An unsuspecting lady gave a set of gold bangles to him which he dipped in a particular solution. The bangles sparkled like new but their weight was reduced drastically. The lady was upset but after a futile argument the man beat a hasty retreat. Can you play the detective to find out the nature of the solution he had used?

Answer

The solution he had used was Aqua regia. Aqua regia is Latin word which means ‘Royal Water’. It is the mixture of concentrated Hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid in the ratio of 3:1. It is capable of dissolving metals like Gold and Platinum. Since the outer layer of the gold bangles is dissolved in aqua regia so their weight was reduced drastically.

16. Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of iron).

Answer

Copper does not react with cold water, hot water, or steam. However, iron reacts with steam. If the hot water tanks are made of steel (an alloy of iron), then iron would react vigorously with the steam formed from hot water.3Fe  4H2O → Fe3O4  H2O
That is why copper is used to make hot water tanks, and not steel.

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FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 10 - Work and Energy

1. What is work and energy?
Ans. Work is defined as the transfer of energy to an object by the application of force along the direction of displacement. Energy, on the other hand, is the capacity to do work. In simple terms, work is done when a force acts on an object to move it and energy is the ability to perform work.
2. What are the different types of energy?
Ans. There are several types of energy, including kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, and nuclear energy. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving object, while potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or state.
3. How is work calculated?
Ans. Work can be calculated by multiplying the force applied to an object by the distance over which the force is applied. The formula for work is: Work = Force x Distance x Cosine of the angle between the force and displacement vectors.
4. What is the principle of conservation of energy?
Ans. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can only be transferred or transformed from one form to another. This means that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant over time.
5. How is energy related to power?
Ans. Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is calculated by dividing the amount of work done by the time taken to do the work. The relationship between energy and power is that power is directly proportional to the amount of energy transferred or work done in a given time period.
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