Bank Exams Exam  >  Bank Exams Notes  >  General Awareness & Knowledge  >  Blood - Notes, Biology

Blood - Notes, Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams PDF Download

Blood

Blood - Notes, Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams

  • Blood is a fluid connective tissue.
  • It is 6.8 litres in man and 500 ml less in woman.
  • 6 - 8% of body weight (pH 7.4)

Constituents :

  • Solid or cellular part called Blood Cells and
  • fluid part called the Blood Plasma.

Blood - Notes, Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams

Blood - Notes, Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams

Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC)

  •  Also called Erythrocytes, disc - shaped (for increased Surface Area), no nucleus contains a pigment called Haemoglobin, which gives blood its Red Color.
  • Average Man : Amount of Haemoglobin is 14 - 15.6 gm / 100 cc of blood (11 - 14 in woman).
  • RBCs are produced in spleen and liver in foetus and in bone marrow after birth @ 1.2 million/sec.
  • Life of RBC is 120 days after which they are broken down in spleen or liver.
  • Product of breakdown of haemoglobin is a pigment (yellow colour), called bilirubin which is normally disposed off through bile whereas haem transferred to red bone marrow. Retention of bilirubin leads to jaundice.
  • No. of RBCs is 4.5 - 5 million/cubic mm of blood.
  • At high altitude, RBCs increase in number.
  • More : Polycythemia. Less: Anaemia
  • White Blood Corpuscles (WBC)

Question for Blood - Notes, Biology
Try yourself:
Which component of blood is responsible for its red color?
View Solution

  • Also called Leucocytes, rounded, with a nucleus, far less numerous than RBCs (1 : 400 - 500) (5,000 - 10,000 /cu mm), life 3 – 4 days, soldiers of body's defence system.

  • 2 Types : Granulocytes (Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils) and Agranulocytes (Monocytes, Lymphocytes)
  • Basophils : Take up basic stains. Have an S-shaped nucleus. Secrete an anti - coagulant Heparin, which prevents clots within the blood vessels.
  • Eosinophils or Acidophils : Take up acidic stains. Assists in defence mechanism.
  • Neutrophils : Stain equally well with both acidic and basic dyes. Most numerous of the WBCs (65 - 70%).
  • Monocytes : Largest of all. Very motile.
  • Lymphocytes : 25% of the WBC. Takes part in antigen and antibody formation.
  • Platelets

  • Also called Thrombocytes, formed in bone marrow, about 250,000 / cu mm of blood,
  • life 3 - 7 days, sets off blood clotting.

Plasma (65%)

  • Watery part of blood, clear, yellow fluid.
  • Contains about 90% water, proteins and organic salts.
  • Plasma contains 7% proteins which include Albumin, Globulin and Fibrinogen.
  • Plasma transports nutrients from the small intestine to the body tissues, and return the waste material to the kidneys, where it is filtered out.
  • The protein in plasma includes antibodies also, to assist in defence mechanism.
  • Regulates pH of blood.
  • Approx. 60% blood is water only.

Lymph

  • Lymph = Blood - RBC, i.e., Plasma + WBC.
  • Lymph forms second circulatory system. It acts as middle man between blood and tissue.
  • All interchanges of nutrients and waste products between blood and tissue takes place through lymph only.
  • It has more of lymphocytes as compared to that of blood (Blood has more of neutrophils).
  • Spleen produces lymph. At the same time it also acts as the graveyard of lymph.
  • Spleen is also known by the name of 'Blood Bank' because RBCs, WBCs and Lymph are produced in spleen.
  • It is situated above left kidney behind the stomach.
  • Spleen produces lymph. At the same time it also acts as the graveyard of lymph.
  • Spleen is also known by the name of 'Blood Bank' because RBCs, WBCs and Lymph are produced in spleen.
  • It is situated above left kidney behind the stomach.

Blood Groupings

  • Karl Landsteiner (Australian pathologist). He discovered A, B and O blood groups in 1900.
  • Decastello and Sturle in 1902 discovered AB blood group.
  • ABO system of blood groups is based on antigens and antibodies.
  • Antigens: They are proteins and are found on the surface of RBCs. 

Blood - Notes, Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams

  • Antigens are A and B.
  • Antibodies: They are produced in lymph glands and are present in blood plasma.

Blood - Notes, Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams
Blood - Notes, Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams
Blood - Notes, Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams

Blood - Notes, Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams
Blood - Notes, Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams

  • Antibodies are a and b.
  • AB: Universal recipient
  • O: Universal donor
  • RH Factor: It is based on Rh antigen.
  • Discovered in 1940 by Landsteiner and A.S. Veiner.
  • It discovered in Rhesus monkey.
  • A person can be Rh+ or Rh-.
  • Rh+ can receive blood from Rh- but no vice - versa.
The document Blood - Notes, Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams is a part of the Bank Exams Course General Awareness & Knowledge.
All you need of Bank Exams at this link: Bank Exams
389 videos|546 docs|149 tests

Up next

FAQs on Blood - Notes, Biology - General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams

1. What is blood and what are its main functions?
Ans. Blood is a specialized fluid that circulates throughout the body, delivering oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removing waste products. Its main functions are transporting substances, maintaining body temperature, regulating pH levels, and providing immunity.
2. What are the components of blood and their respective functions?
Ans. Blood consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Plasma carries dissolved substances, such as nutrients and hormones. Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide. White blood cells are involved in the immune response, defending the body against infections. Platelets help in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.
3. How is blood type determined and what are the different blood types?
Ans. Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of specific proteins on the surface of red blood cells. The two main blood typing systems are the ABO system and the Rh system. The ABO system classifies blood into four types: A, B, AB, and O. The Rh system categorizes blood as Rh-positive or Rh-negative.
4. How does blood clotting occur and why is it important?
Ans. Blood clotting, or coagulation, is a complex process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It involves a series of reactions that lead to the formation of a blood clot, which seals the damaged blood vessel. This process is crucial for wound healing and preventing life-threatening bleeding.
5. What are some common blood disorders and their symptoms?
Ans. Some common blood disorders include anemia, hemophilia, and leukemia. Anemia is characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin, leading to fatigue and shortness of breath. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that impairs blood clotting, resulting in prolonged bleeding. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the production of white blood cells, causing symptoms such as frequent infections and fatigue.
389 videos|546 docs|149 tests
Download as PDF

Up next

Explore Courses for Bank Exams exam
Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

Important questions

,

video lectures

,

ppt

,

Viva Questions

,

pdf

,

practice quizzes

,

Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams

,

mock tests for examination

,

past year papers

,

MCQs

,

Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams

,

Blood - Notes

,

Exam

,

Semester Notes

,

Biology | General Awareness & Knowledge - Bank Exams

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

Sample Paper

,

Blood - Notes

,

Blood - Notes

,

Objective type Questions

,

Free

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

study material

,

Summary

,

Extra Questions

;