SPHERE
Objects like football, volleyball, throw-ball etc. are said to have the shape of a sphere. In mathematical terms, a sphere is a solid generated by revolving a circle about any of its diameters. Let a thin circular disc of card board with centre O and radius r revolve about its diameter AOB to describe a sphere as shown in figure.
Here, O is called the centre of the sphere and r is radius of the sphere. Also, the line segment AB is a diameter of the sphere
For a solid sphere of radius = r, we have :
SPHERICAL SHELL
The solid enclosed between two concentric spheres is called a spherical shell.
For a spherical shell with external radius = R and internal radius = r, we have :
HEMISPHERE
When a plane through the centre of a sphere cuts it into two equal parts, then each part is called a hemisphere.
From a solid sphere, the obtained hemisphere is also a solid and it has a base as shown in fig.
For a hemisphere of radius r, we have :
HEMISPHERICAL SHELL
The solid enclosed between two concentric hemispheres is called a hemispherical shell.
For a hemispherical shell of external radius = R and internal radius = r, we have :
Ex.1 Find the surface area of a sphere of diameter 14cm.
Sol. Diameter = 14 cm
Ex.2 Find the radius of sphere whose surface area is 314 cm2. (Use π= 3.14)
Sol. Let r cm be the radius of the sphere whose surface area = 314 cm2
Ex.3 Find the total surface area of a hemisphere of radius 10 cm. (Use π= 3.14)
Sol. r = 10 cm.
∴ Total Surface area of the hemisphere = 3πr2 = 3 x 3.14 x (10)2 = 942 cm2
Ex.4 A hemispherical bowl is made from a metal sheet having thickness 0.3 cm. The inner radius ofthe bowl is 24.7 cm. Find the cost of polishing its outer surface at the rate of Rs. 4 per 100 cm2. (Take π = 3.14)
Sol. The outer radius of the bowl = (24.7 + 0.3) cm, i.e., R = 25 cm
∴ Total outer Surface area of the bowl = 2πr2 = 2 x 3.14 x (25)2 cm2
Cost of polishing the outer surface at the rate of Rs.
Ex.5 Find the amount of water displaced by a solid spherical ball of diameter 28 cm.
Sol. Diameter = 28 cm
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1. What is the formula for calculating the surface area of a sphere? |
2. How is the surface area of a hemisphere different from a sphere? |
3. Can you explain the concept of surface area in simple terms? |
4. How can the surface area of a sphere be useful in real-life applications? |
5. Is there a relationship between the radius and the surface area of a sphere? |
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