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2. Nitrogen Cycle
(i) Nitrogen is an important chemical on the earth and present in all the living organisms in the form of protein, amino acids and nucleic acid.
(ii) In atmosphere it exists in molecular form (N2) and in form of some oxides [N2O, NO, NO2 , NO3_ ]. Nitrogen is the most abundant component of air (78 percent). Atmospheric nitrogen directly cannot be used by living organisms.
(iii) During lightning nitrogen of atmosphere reacts with oxygen and ultimately form dilute nitric acid. This acid comes down to earth with rainwater. Nitrates are absorbed by plants and utilized for making organic matter (proteins), etc.
(iv) When animals consume plant matter, they break down the plant's nitrogenous compounds and use them to form new animal proteins and other cell components.
Biological Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation [conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into N2-compounds]
(i) Rhizobium [in root nodules of leguminous plants]
(ii) Azotobacter [in soil]
(iii) Blue Green Algae
Ammonification [conversion of nitrogen containing proteins of dead plants and animals into ammonia]
(i) Putrefying bacteria
(ii) Fungi
Nitrification [conversion of ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates]
(i) Nitrosomonas bacteria - Convert NH3 into nitrites (NO2)
(ii) Nitrobacter bacteria - Convert nitrites into nitrates (NO2)
Denitrification [Conversion of nitrate salts into free nitrogen gas] e.g. Pseudomonas.
FAQs on Nitrogen Cycle - Natural Resources, Class 9, Science
| 1. What is the nitrogen cycle? |  |
Ans. The nitrogen cycle is a natural process that converts nitrogen from the atmosphere into different forms that can be used by living organisms. It involves several steps, including nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, ammonification, and denitrification.
| 2. How does nitrogen fixation occur in the nitrogen cycle? | |
Ans. Nitrogen fixation is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a usable form by certain bacteria. These bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia, which can then be utilized by plants and other organisms.
| 3. What is nitrification in the nitrogen cycle? | |
Ans. Nitrification is the process in which ammonia is converted into nitrites and then into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria. This conversion is important as nitrates are the most readily usable form of nitrogen for plants.
| 4. What is denitrification in the nitrogen cycle? | |
Ans. Denitrification is the process by which nitrates are converted back into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria. This helps to maintain a balance of nitrogen in the environment and prevent an excessive buildup of nitrates.
| 5. How does the nitrogen cycle contribute to the availability of nutrients for plants? | |
Ans. The nitrogen cycle plays a crucial role in making nitrogen available to plants. Nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and assimilation processes convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use for growth and development. Without the nitrogen cycle, plants would not have access to sufficient nitrogen, which is an essential nutrient for their survival.
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