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SERIAL COMMUNICATION STANDARDS
Most of devices are parallel in nature. These devices transfer data simultaneously on data lines. But parallel data transfer process is very complicated and expensive. Hence in some situations the serial I/O mode is used where one bit is transferred over a single line at a time. In this type of transmission parallel word is converted into a stream of serial bits which is known as parallel to serial conversion. The rate of transmission in serial mode is BAUD, i.e., bits per second. The serial data transmission involves starting, end of transmission, error verification bits along with the data. Any serial I/O involves the following concepts.
(a) Interfacing requirements (b) Alphanumeric codes (c) Transmission format (d) Error checks in data communication (e) Data communication over lines (f) Standards in serial I/O
The microprocessor has to identify the port address to perform read or write operation. Serial I/O uses only one data line, chip select, read, write control signals.
Fig. 5.1 Block diagram of serial I/O interfacing
Data transfer takes place using ASCII code (American standard code for Information Interchange) which is 7 bit code with 128 combinations. The data can be transmitted by taking various parameters into consideration such as synchronization or synchronization, direction of data flow speed, errors, medium of data transmission etc. In synchronous transmission both transmitter and receiver operate, in synchronous to each other.
Synchronization used for high speed operations. In asynchronous data transmission data is transmitted between Start and Stop bits with logic 1 as mark logic 0 as space. In asynchronous we get around 11 bits for data transmission one start, 8 bits of data, 2 stop bits. A synchronous data transmission is used for less than 20 Kbits /second transmission.
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FAQs on Serial Communication Standards - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)
| 1. What is serial communication? |  |
Serial communication is a method of transferring data between two devices by sending it one bit at a time over a single wire or a pair of wires. It is a widely used communication protocol in computer systems, microcontrollers, and other electronic devices.
| 2. What are the advantages of serial communication? | |
Serial communication offers several advantages, including:
- Cost-effectiveness: Serial communication requires fewer wires and hardware components, making it a more economical choice.
- Longer distance coverage: Serial communication can transmit data over longer distances without significant signal degradation.
- Simplicity: Serial communication is relatively easy to implement and understand, making it suitable for various applications.
- Compatibility: Serial communication is compatible with a wide range of devices and can be used to connect different types of equipment.
| 3. What are the different serial communication standards? | |
There are several serial communication standards, including:
- RS-232: A widely used standard for serial communication between devices. It uses voltage levels to represent data.
- RS-485: Designed for long-distance communication and supports multiple devices on a single bus.
- SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): Commonly used in embedded systems and allows multiple devices to be connected together.
- I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit): A popular standard for communication between integrated circuits, often used for sensor and peripheral communication.
- UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter): A basic serial communication standard used for asynchronous data transfer between devices.
| 4. How does serial communication work? | |
Serial communication works by sending data in a sequential manner, one bit at a time. The data is transmitted as a stream of bits, with start and stop bits framing each data byte. The transmitting device sends the data bit by bit, and the receiving device reconstructs the original data from the received bits. The devices must agree on parameters such as baud rate, parity, and data length to ensure successful communication.
| 5. What are some common applications of serial communication? | |
Serial communication is used in various applications, including:
- Computer peripherals: Serial ports are commonly used to connect devices such as mice, keyboards, and printers to computers.
- Industrial automation: Serial communication is widely used in industrial systems to control and monitor equipment, such as PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers).
- IoT (Internet of Things) devices: Many IoT devices utilize serial communication protocols to exchange data with other devices or cloud services.
- Embedded systems: Microcontrollers and other embedded systems often rely on serial communication for data transfer between different components or peripherals.
- Telecommunications: Serial communication is used in telecommunication systems for tasks such as modem communication and data transmission over telephone lines.
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