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Design of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB)
Figure 4.6.1: Schematic diagram of up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)
Table 4.6.1. Recommended loading on UASB reactor based on the COD concentration
Where, COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand; OLR: Organic Loading Rate; SLR: Organic Loading on Sludge Blanket; HRT: Hydraulic Retention Time.
Important Design Points
- For temperature > 200c, SRT of around 30-50 days is used.
- At equilibrium, sludge produced per day = sludge withdrawn per day
- Average concentration of sludge in UASB reactor
- Ration of height of sludge blanket to total height is ≈0.4- 0.5.
- HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time)
- Solid Retention Time (SRT
Problem 4.6.1: Given that the influent to UASB reactor has following characteristics: BOD = 350 mg/l; COD = 820 mg/l, TSS= 395 mg/l, VSS= 270 mg/l, flow rate=8000 m3/d, depth of sludge blanket=2.2 m, reactor height (including settler)=5 m, effective coefficient (ratio of sludge to total volume in sludge blanket)= 0.85.
Determine HRT for sludge age of 30 days assuming 80% BOD removal efficiency; reactor area, and organic loading on reactor and the sludge blanket.
Solution:
Reactor area required:
Reactor area required = 
Organic loading rate (OLR) = 
Organic loading rate (OLR) = 
Organic loading on sludge blanket (SLR)
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FAQs on UASB Reactor - Environmental Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)
| 1. What is a UASB reactor? |  |
Ans. A UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor is a type of anaerobic wastewater treatment system. It operates by allowing wastewater to flow upwards through a sludge blanket where microorganisms break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
| 2. How does a UASB reactor work? | |
Ans. In a UASB reactor, wastewater enters the bottom of the reactor and flows upwards through a sludge blanket. The sludge blanket contains anaerobic bacteria that convert organic matter in the wastewater into biogas (methane and carbon dioxide) and biomass. The biogas is collected and can be used as an energy source, while the treated wastewater exits the reactor from the top.
| 3. What are the advantages of using a UASB reactor? | |
Ans. Some advantages of using a UASB reactor include:
- High treatment efficiency: UASB reactors can remove a significant amount of organic matter from wastewater, resulting in effective treatment.
- Energy generation: The biogas produced in the reactor can be used as a renewable energy source.
- Low operational costs: UASB reactors require minimal energy and chemical inputs, making them cost-effective to operate.
- Compact design: UASB reactors have a small footprint, making them suitable for locations with limited space.
- Minimal sludge production: UASB reactors produce less sludge compared to other wastewater treatment systems, reducing disposal and handling costs.
| 4. What types of wastewater can be treated using a UASB reactor? | |
Ans. UASB reactors are commonly used to treat various types of wastewater, including municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and agricultural wastewater. They can effectively remove organic pollutants, nutrients, and suspended solids from these wastewater streams.
| 5. Are UASB reactors environmentally friendly? | |
Ans. Yes, UASB reactors are considered environmentally friendly due to several reasons:
- They produce biogas, a renewable energy source, which can replace fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- UASB reactors can remove organic pollutants from wastewater, preventing their release into the environment and minimizing water pollution.
- The low operational costs and minimal sludge production of UASB reactors contribute to sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment.
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