Revision Notes, Olympic Movement, Physical Education | Physical Education Class 11 (XI) - CBSE and NCERT Curriculum PDF Download

Olympics Movement

Fig: Olympic symbol

2.1    Ancient and Modem Olympics (Summer and Winter)

2.2    Olympic symbols, ideals, objectives and values

2.3    International Olympic Committee

2.4    Indian Olympic Association

2.5    Dronacharya Award, Arjuna Award and Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award

2.6    Organisational setup of CBSE sports and Chacha Nehru sports award

Ancient Olympic Games

There are many stories regarding the origin of games, but the written record is found from 776 B.C. The games were held in the Honour of God Zeus, and The Olympics is derived from Lord Olympia - a valley where first seen games were held.

Modern Olympic Games

Modern Olympic games started in 1896 with the efforts of Baron-Pierre de Coubertin of France, he is also known as the father of modern Olympics.
Fig: Baron-Pierre de Coubertin The first Olympic games were held in Athens in 1896. Nine Countries Participated in it. Since then the Olympic games are played after every four Years. 2020 Olympic games will be held in Tokyo.

Winter Olympic Games 

Winter Olympic Games (French: Jeux Olympiques deliver) is a major international sporting event that occurs once every four years. Unlike the Summer Olympics, the Winter Olympics feature sports practiced on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France. The Games were held every four years from 1924 until 1936, after which they were interrupted by World War II. The Olympics resumed in 1948 and was again held every four years. Until 1992, the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years.

The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by eleven different countries. The Games have been held in the United States four times (1932; 1960, 1980, 2002); in Fiance three times (1924, 1968, 1992); and in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), have (1956, 2006). Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948) twice. Also, the Games have been held in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984). and Russia (2014) once. The IOC has selected Pyeongchang, South Korea, to host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Beijing, China, to host the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Summer Olympic Games

The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad (French: Jeux Olympiques d'ete"). first held in 1896, is an international multi-sport event that is hosted by a different city every four years. The most recent Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazile International Olympic Committee organizes the games and oversees the host city's preparations In each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze medals are awarded for third; this tradition began in 1904 The Winter Olympic Games were created due to the success of the Summer Olympics.

Fig: Summer olympicsEighteen countries have hosted the Summer Olympics. The United States has hosted four Summer Olympics (1904. 1932, 1984, 1996), more than any other nation, and Great Britain has hosted three Summer Olympics (1908, 1948. 2012). al! in London. Four cities have hosted two Summer Olympics: Athens (1896. 2004), Paris (1900, 1924). Los Angeles (1932, 1984). and Tokyo (1964. 2020). Tokyo is the first city outside of the Western world to host the Summer Olympics multiple times.

Olympic symbol 

The Olympic symbol was created and designed by Pierre-de-Coubertin himself. He created Olympic flag which is of a milky white texture in the background with five interlinked rings of different colors. The rings symbolize the union of five continents and meeting of the athletes from all over the world at Olympics. The five colors are Blue, Black, Red, Yellow & Green.

Olympic motto

Olympic motto is made from three Latin Words.

Objectives of Olympics

a) To generate a sense of loyalty, brotherhood, and team spirit among the participants.
b) To bring the attention of the world community to understand the values of the programmes of physical education.
c) To Promote amateurism among the sportsmen.
d) To remove the barriers of caste, creed, religion, and color.
e) To develop good habits among sportspersons.
f) To encourage moral values and unbiased behavior through sports.

Values through Olympics

Olympic Ideal

Olympic Games are remembered for Bishop Pennsylvania’s famous sermon “The most important thing in Olympic is not to win but to take part. The important thing in life is not to trump but to struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.”

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

For the proper organization of the Olympic games, the International Olympic Committee was constituted. One representative was included in this committee from each country.
 The headquarters of this committee is situated in Switzerland and five executive members of this committee This committee decides the venue and time for the Olympic Games.

Indian Olympic Association (IOA)

Indian Olympic Association was formed in 1927, Mr. Dorabji Tata was its first president and Dr. D.B. noehren, secretary and Sh. G.D. Sondhi as Asset. secretary. I OA is functioning and is affiliated with International Olympic Committee.Fig: Sir Dorabji TataThe composition of Indian Olympic Association

Election of Indian Olympic association are held in four years at the annual meeting of the General Assembly to elect the council members;-President-01, Vice President, Secretary General, Treasurer and Executive Members

Sports Awards

To receive sports award is an honor for the sportsperson as well as an honor for the country, to produce such a good sportsman of international caliber, there are following award for prestigious coaches and outstanding sports persons given by the Govt, of India

Dronacharya Award

Dronacharya award is given to those coaches and trainers whose players are imparted coaching and training so that they could get a position at national and International Levels. So the Govt, of India started presenting Dronacharya award to the coaches in 1985 in memory to Guru Dronacharya of Mahabharata. It is presented to such famous coaches, whose teams or players have shown good performance at International level consecutively for three yesteryears. This award carries a statute of Dronacharya, scroll of honor, a cash prize of 5 lakhs.

Arjuna Award

Arjuna award is the supreme honor, which is awarded to sportsman by the Govt, of India. This award is given to such sports person during that year, who has been giving an extraordinary performance during the past three years. This awarded was started in 1961.
Fig: Arjuna award It is given in the memory of Arjuna of Mahabharata. These sports award carry a) Bronze Statue of Arjuna b) A Certificate
 c) Cash of Rs. 5 Lakhs

Rajeev Gandhi Khel Ratna award

This award is presented for the most outstanding performance in the field of sport and games in a year which begins from 1st April to 31 st March. This award is presented to one sportsperson from individual sports, but it can be given to more than one person in case of team games, this award is given to the sportsmen and women of international fame and they get a medal and cash award of Rs. 7.5 lakhs.

CBSE Sports and its Organisational Setup

CBSE Organises its sports and games at cluster level Zonal level and National level in various categories and sports annually as per their calendar. The sports and games are organized under the general directions of the CBSE and in conformity with its policies for ensuring the smooth conduct of CBSE affiliated inter-School games.
 The chairman of CBSE is the chairman of the sports and games committee.

Chacha Nehru Sports Award

The aims and objectives of the introduction of Chacha Nehru sports award are to identify, recognize, nurture and develop the extraordinary talent among the students studying in class VIII onwards in sports and games and students also know the importance of physical education and sports.