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JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) PDF Download


The JK Master Slave Flip-flop.

As well as minimising the race hazards problem, this type of flip-flop can also function as an SR, a clocked SR, a D type, or a Toggle flip-flop. The ‘master slave’

As well as minimising the race hazards problem, this type of flip-flop can also function as an SR, a clocked SR, a D type, or a Toggle flip-flop. The ‘master slave’ terminology refers to the device having two separate flip-flop stages, isolating the input from the output. As well as reducing the race hazards problem, it also has a further advantage over the simpler SR types, as its J and K inputs can be any value without causing any indeterminate state.

A typical circuit symbol is shown in Fig 5.4.2, and Table 5.4.1 shows how different logic combinations applied to the J and K inputs change the way the JK flip-flop responds to the application of a clock pulse on the CK input.

      JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE)  

 

  JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE)

 

 

K Synchronous Inputs 

• When J and K are both 0 the flip-flop is inhibited, Q is the same after the CK pulse as it was before; there is no change at the output.

• If J and K are at different logic levels, then after the CK pulse, Q and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) will take up the same states as J and K. For example, if J = 1 and K = 0, then on the trailing (negative going) edge of a clock pulse, the Q output will be set to 1, and if K = 1 and J = 0 then the Q output is reset to logic 0 on the trailing edge of a clock pulse, effectively mimicking the D type Master Slave flip-flop.  by replacing the D input with J.

• If logic 1 is applied to both J and K, the output toggles at the trailing edge of each clock pulse, just like a toggle flip-flop.

The JK flip-flop can therefore be called a ‘programmable flip-flop’ because of the way its action can be programmed by the states of J and K.

Each of the above actions are synchronised with the clock pulse, data being taken into the master flip-flop at the rising edge of the clock pulse, and output from the slave flip-flop appears at the falling edge of the clock pulse.

Note: Although the above describes the action of a master slave JK flip-flop, there are also positive edge and negative edge triggered versions available.

 

Asynchronous Inputs

Asynchronous inputs, which act independently of the clock pulse, are also provided by the active low inputs JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE). These act as (usually active low) SET and RESET inputs respectively, and as they act independently of the clock input, they give the same facilities as a simple SR flip-flop. As with the SR flip-flop, in this mode some external method is needed to ensure that these two inputs cannot both be active at the same time, as this would make both Q and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) logic 1.

 

JK Master-Slave Operation

A theoretical schematic circuit diagram of a level triggered JK master slave flip-flop is shown in Fig 5.4.3. Gates G1 and G2 form a similar function to the input gates in the basic JK flip-flop shown in Fig. 5.4.1, with three inputs to allow for feedback connections from Q and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE).

Gates G3 and G4 form the master flip-flop and gates G7 and G8 form the slave flip-flop. Two further gates, G5 and G6, are included between the master and slave to transfer data from the master to the slave. The way this transfer happens is that the output of the master flip-flop is delayed for the duration of the clock pulse, by storing it, temporarily in the master flip-flop, whilst the CK pulse is high. The operation (in toggle mode) is as follows:

 

  JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE)

 

Loading the Master Flip-flop

With J and K both at logic 1 (the toggle mode setting), suppose that Q = 0 and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) = 1, gate G2 will be disabled as, although there are two logic 1 states on its J and CK inputs, the feedback (bottom) input of G2 will be at logic 0 due to the feedback from Q.

G1 however has a logic 1 fed back from JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE), which ensures that gate G1 is enabled, as all three of its inputs are now logic 1. G1 output will therefore be at logic 0 (NAND qate rules) which will cause the master flip-flop (G3 and G4) to set its q1 output to logic 1, and its JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) output to logic 0.

During the time the CK input remains at logic 1, q1 and q1 will remain at q1 = 1 and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) = 0, but the transfer gates G5 and G6 are inhibited because for example, if Q is currently at logic 0 and Q is at logic 1, gate G1 will have all three of its inputs at logic 1, and so its output will be 0. Because G1 output is also the active low SET input of G3, as the CK pulse went to logic 1, G3 output went to logic 0, setting the master flip-flop output q1 to logic 1.

 

Controlling the Transfer Gates

The logic 0 on G1 output will cause transfer gate G5 to be disabled, and combined with the logic 1 at q1 this will cause G5 output to remain at logic 1 for the duration of the CK pulse. The input to G6 from G2 output however will be at logic 1, but as JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) will now be at logic 0, transfer gate G6 will also be disabled, making its output logic 0. The data at the outputs q1 and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) will therefore not be passed to the slave flip-flop for the duration of the clock pulse.

 

The Clock Pulse Falling Edge

Once the clock input goes low however, logic 0 is applied to the clock inputs of gates G1 and G2. The output of G1 now returns to logic 1, making both inputs to gate G5 logic 1, and causing its output to fall to logic 0. As JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) is still at logic 0, gate G6 is still disabled, and so the output of G6 is at logic 1.

 

The Slave Flip-flop

With the output of Gate G5 at logic 0 and G6 output at logic 1, gates G7 and G8, which form a low activated SR flip-flop is set, and so JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) becomes logic 1 and Q becomes logic 0.

The output conditions are now inverted, and this change is fed back to the input gates G1 and G2. However these are now both disabled because the clock input is already low, so the master flip-flop is not affected.

The arrival of the rising edge of the next clock pulse then allows the new logic levels at Q and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) into the feedback inputs to gates G1 and G2 to be fed into the master flip-flop as before, but this time Q is at logic 1, so it is gate G2 that will be enabled at the rising edge of the clock pulse.

Now, as the clock pulse goes to logic 1 the master flip-flop will be reset, q1 will go to logic 0 and at the falling edge of the clock pulse the transfer gates will pass the data to the slave flip flop setting Q back to logic 0, so the Q and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) outputs toggle once more.

 

 

JK Flip-flop Circuit Variations

Although the standard JK flip-flop circuit shown in Fig. 5.4.3 works, the inclusion of the transfer gates limits the circuit‘s operation to level triggering. However Fig 5.4.4 illustrates a different method of transferring data from the master to the slave flip-flop. Instead of the transfer gates G5 and G6 used in Fig. 5.4.3, Fig. 5.4.4 uses a NOT gate to invert the positive going CK pulse triggering the master flip-flop, producing an inverted version of the clock pulse to trigger the slave flip-flop. with this modification data is clocked into the master flip-flop at the rising edge of the CK input. Any further changes in data at J or K do not now affect the state of the master flip-flop whilst CK is high, because the feedback from Q and Q will always disable which ever of the two input gates could make a change to the master flip flop.

Due to the CK inverter, at the falling edge of the CK pulse, the slave flip-flop now sees a rising edge, and the slave flip-flop accepts the data from q1 and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) toggling the states of Q and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE). This master slave circuit therefore only accepts data from J and K at the rising edge of CK and outputs it on Q and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) at the falling CK edge.

However, in both Figs. 5.4.3 and 5.4.4 the master and slave flip-flops are both simple level triggered clocked SR flip-flops. Both designs work as predicted for a JK flip-flop, in toggle mode. However, in modes where J and K can change, the master flip-flop in Fig 5.4.3 accepts data from the J and K inputs whenever the CK pulse is high, allowing the master flip-flop outputs to change as long as the CK pulse is high. Therefore it is the data that is present at the instant before the CK falling edge, which is passed to the slave flip-flop. In Fig 5.4.4 the master flip-flop only accepts data at the rising edge of CK, and outputs that data at the falling edge of the CK pulse.

Although the slave flip-flop is also level triggered, it will not change after the clock input has gone low, because its input is taken from the output of the master flip-flop, which will not be accepting changes due to the clock input being low.

 

JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE)

 

JK Flip-flops Using D Type Devices

Fig. 5.4.5 shows a positive edge triggered JK flip-flop (not master slave) constructed from a positive edge triggered D Type flip-flop, that uses a modifieddata select circuit to correctly steer the feedback from Q and JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) outputs to the J and K inputs.

This circuit also makes use of the asynchronous JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) inputs of the D Type flip-flop, and because the D Type is edge triggered, this version of a JK flip flop is truly edge (not level) triggered. It is also possible to use a negative edge triggered D Type flip-flop to make a negative edge triggered JK flip-flop by this method.

 

JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE)

JK Master Slave Flip-flop Using D Type Flip-flops

Fig. 5.4.6 shows a JK Master Slave Flip-flop using two positive edge triggered D Type flip-flops and inverting the clock pulse to convert the slave flip-flop to negative edge triggering.

This design therefore, has true edge triggering on both rising and falling edges of the clock pulse, and is immune from any changes in data happening during the high or low level periods of the clock signal (except for any changes or disturbances that may occur during the Tsetup or thold periods close to the clock pulse edges, as described in Sequential Logic Module 5.3

 

JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE)

The document JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops | Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE) is a part of the Electrical Engineering (EE) Course Digital Electronics.
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FAQs on JK Master Slave Flip-flop: JK Flip Flops - Digital Electronics - Electrical Engineering (EE)

1. What is a JK Master Slave Flip-flop?
Ans. A JK Master Slave Flip-flop is a type of flip-flop circuit that can store one bit of binary information. It consists of two JK flip-flops connected in series, where the output of one flip-flop serves as the clock input to the other flip-flop. This arrangement allows for the elimination of the race condition that can occur in a single JK flip-flop, ensuring reliable operation.
2. How does a JK Master Slave Flip-flop work?
Ans. In a JK Master Slave Flip-flop, the input signals J (jack) and K (kilobyte) control the state of the flip-flop. When the clock input is high, the first JK flip-flop (Master) captures the input signals and stores them as temporary values. When the clock input transitions from high to low, the second JK flip-flop (Slave) captures the temporary values from the Master flip-flop and outputs the stable result. This sequential operation ensures proper synchronization and avoids the hazards of a single JK flip-flop.
3. What are the advantages of using a JK Master Slave Flip-flop?
Ans. The JK Master Slave Flip-flop offers several advantages: 1. Elimination of race condition: The arrangement of two flip-flops in series eliminates the race condition that can occur in a single JK flip-flop, ensuring reliable operation. 2. Synchronization: The sequential operation of the Master and Slave flip-flops allows for proper synchronization and avoids hazards. 3. Increased stability: The stable output of the Slave flip-flop ensures that the stored information remains unchanged until the next clock cycle. 4. Versatility: The JK Master Slave Flip-flop can be used for various applications, including data storage, frequency division, and synchronization.
4. Can a JK Master Slave Flip-flop be used as a memory element?
Ans. Yes, a JK Master Slave Flip-flop can be used as a memory element. By connecting multiple JK Master Slave Flip-flops together, it is possible to create registers or memory units capable of storing multiple bits of information. Each flip-flop within the arrangement represents one bit, and the entire structure can be used to store and retrieve binary data.
5. What is the difference between a JK Master Slave Flip-flop and a standard JK flip-flop?
Ans. The main difference between a JK Master Slave Flip-flop and a standard JK flip-flop lies in their internal structure and operation. A JK Master Slave Flip-flop consists of two JK flip-flops connected in series, whereas a standard JK flip-flop is a single unit. The Master Slave configuration helps eliminate race conditions and ensures proper synchronization, making it more reliable for certain applications. The standard JK flip-flop, on the other hand, is simpler and may be more suitable for basic operations that do not require the same level of reliability and synchronization.
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