Current Affairs Quiz : 1 - Class 10 MCQ

The Capital of Argentina is Buenos Aires
Explanation:
- Argentina is a country located in South America.
- The capital city of Argentina is Buenos Aires.
- Buenos Aires is the largest city in Argentina and serves as the political, economic, and cultural center of the country.
- It is situated on the western shore of the Río de la Plata estuary, where the Paraná River meets the Atlantic Ocean.
- Buenos Aires is known for its rich history, vibrant culture, and diverse architectural styles.
- The city is home to numerous landmarks and attractions, including the iconic Obelisco, Plaza de Mayo, and the historic neighborhood of La Boca.
- Buenos Aires is also renowned for its tango music and dance, which originated in the city.
- The city has a population of over 3 million people, making it one of the most populous cities in South America.
- Buenos Aires is an important hub for commerce, finance, and tourism in the region.
- It is well-connected by international airports and serves as a gateway to explore the rest of Argentina and South America.
In conclusion, Buenos Aires is the capital city of Argentina and plays a significant role in the country's political, economic, and cultural landscape.

A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Arun Jaitley served as the Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs of the Government of India from 2014 to 2019.

The Ministry is responsible for the administration of Prasar Bharati, the broadcasting arm of the Indian Government.

Third Battle of Panipat

• Date: The third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761.


• Background: The battle was a major conflict in Indian history and took place between the Maratha Empire, led by the Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao, and the Durrani Empire, led by Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali.


• Reasons: The Marathas sought to expand their influence and control over Northern India, while the Durrani Empire sought to regain its lost territories in the region.


• Forces: The Marathas had a massive army comprising of around 100,000 troops, including infantry, cavalry, and artillery. The Durrani Empire had around 70,000 troops, primarily consisting of Afghan and Pathan soldiers.


• Outcome: The battle was a decisive victory for the Durrani Empire. The Marathas suffered heavy losses, with estimates ranging from 60,000 to 100,000 casualties. The defeat had a significant impact on the Maratha Empire's power and marked the beginning of a decline in their dominance in India.


• Significance: The third battle of Panipat is considered one of the largest and bloodiest battles in Indian history. It had far-reaching consequences, including the weakening of the Maratha Empire and the strengthening of regional powers in northern India.

2020 Olympic Games Host City
- The 2020 Olympic Games will be hosted by Tokyo, Japan.
- The chosen city to host the Olympics is determined by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) through a bidding process.
- Tokyo was selected as the host city for the 2020 Olympics on September 7, 2013, during the IOC Session held in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Tokyo previously hosted the Summer Olympics in 1964, making it the first Asian city to ever host the Games.
- The 2020 Olympics were originally scheduled to take place in 2020, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, they were postponed to 2021.
- The decision to postpone the Olympics was made in March 2020, with the aim of ensuring the safety and well-being of athletes, spectators, and all involved parties.
- The 2020 Tokyo Olympics will feature various sports and events, bringing together athletes from around the world to compete for gold, silver, and bronze medals.
- The Games will showcase Japanese culture, technology, and hospitality, providing a platform for sportsmanship, unity, and international cooperation.
- Tokyo has made significant preparations and investments to host the Olympics, including the construction of new sports venues and infrastructure improvements.
- The 2020 Tokyo Olympics are highly anticipated by sports enthusiasts and fans worldwide, eagerly awaiting the opportunity to witness the world's top athletes competing on the grand stage.

Leander Paes is the only Indian Tennis player to have won an individual Olympics Medal.
Explanation:
Leander Paes, a legendary tennis player from India, is the only Indian player to have won an individual Olympics Medal. Here's a detailed explanation:
- Leander Paes has represented India in multiple Olympic Games, starting from 1992 Barcelona Olympics to 2016 Rio Olympics.
- He won the Bronze medal in men's singles tennis at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, becoming the first Indian to win an individual Olympic medal in tennis.
- Paes defeated Brazil's Fernando Meligeni in the bronze medal match to secure his place on the podium.
- Apart from his individual medal, Leander Paes has also won numerous accolades in doubles and mixed doubles events at the Olympics.
- He has won a total of 8 Olympic medals, including a Bronze in men's singles, a Bronze in men's doubles, and 6 mixed doubles medals (1 Gold, 2 Silver, and 3 Bronze).
- Paes has been a true ambassador of Indian tennis and has achieved great success in his career, including winning multiple Grand Slam titles in doubles and mixed doubles.
In conclusion, Leander Paes is the only Indian tennis player to have won an individual Olympics medal, specifically the Bronze medal in men's singles at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. His achievements have made him a legendary figure in Indian tennis history.

The Famous Temples of Konark are located in Odisha.
Some key points about the temples of Konark:
- The Sun Temple: The most famous temple in Konark is the Sun Temple, also known as the Black Pagoda. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is dedicated to the Sun God Surya. The temple was built in the 13th century by King Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty.
- Architectural Marvel: The Sun Temple is renowned for its exquisite architecture and intricate stone carvings. The temple is designed in the form of a chariot, with 12 pairs of wheels representing the 12 months of the year. The wheels are adorned with detailed carvings of mythological figures, animals, and celestial beings.
- Konark Dance Festival: The temple complex is also host to the annual Konark Dance Festival, which showcases classical dance forms from all over India. The festival takes place in December and attracts artists, performers, and enthusiasts from around the world.
- Other Temples: Apart from the Sun Temple, Konark is also home to other ancient temples like the Vaishnavi Temple, Ramachandi Temple, and Kuruma Temple. These temples, though not as famous as the Sun Temple, are still significant religious and architectural landmarks.
- Tourist Attraction: The temples of Konark are major tourist attractions and draw visitors from all over the world. The beauty and historical significance of these temples make them a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Indian art and architecture.
In conclusion, the famous temples of Konark, including the iconic Sun Temple, are located in the state of Odisha.

Founder of Amazon.com: Jeff Bezos
Explanation:
- Amazon.com was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994.
- Jeff Bezos started the company as an online marketplace for books and gradually expanded it to sell a wide range of products and services.
- Under Bezos' leadership, Amazon grew into one of the largest e-commerce and cloud computing companies in the world.
- Bezos served as the CEO of Amazon.com until July 2021, when he transitioned to the role of Executive Chairman.
- He played a significant role in shaping the company's vision and driving its growth.
- Bezos also pioneered innovations such as the Kindle e-reader and Amazon Prime subscription service.
- His entrepreneurial and visionary approach made Amazon.com a dominant force in the global retail industry.
- As of 2021, Amazon.com continues to thrive under the leadership of its new CEO, Andy Jassy, while Bezos focuses on other ventures like Blue Origin and The Washington Post.

Answer:
The winner of the French Open 2016 title in the Women's category was Garbine Muguruza.
Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
The French Open is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held annually in Paris, France. The tournament is played on clay courts and is known for its challenging playing conditions.
Explanation:
In 2016, Garbine Muguruza, a Spanish professional tennis player, emerged as the champion in the Women's category of the French Open. She had a remarkable tournament, showcasing her exceptional skills and determination.
Key Points:
- Garbine Muguruza defeated Serena Williams in the final of the French Open 2016, winning her first Grand Slam title.
- Muguruza played aggressively throughout the tournament and displayed excellent shot-making abilities on the clay surface.
- She defeated several top-ranked players on her way to the final, including defending champion Serena Williams in the fourth round and former champion Sam Stosur in the quarterfinals.
- Muguruza's victory at the French Open 2016 marked a significant milestone in her career and established her as one of the top players in women's tennis.
Conclusion:
Garbine Muguruza won the French Open 2016 title in the Women's category by defeating Serena Williams in the final. Her exceptional performance throughout the tournament showcased her talent and cemented her position among the top tennis players in the world.

Answer:
The nation that hosted the Nuclear Supplier's Group (NSG) Annual meet on 26th June 2016 was South Korea.
Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
The Nuclear Supplier's Group (NSG) is a multinational body that aims to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons by controlling the export of nuclear-related materials, equipment, and technology. It was established in 1974 and currently consists of 48 member states.
NSG Annual Meet 2016:
The NSG Annual meet in 2016 was hosted by South Korea. This meeting took place on 26th June 2016 and was held in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea.
Importance of the NSG Annual Meet:
The NSG Annual meet is a crucial event where member states discuss various issues related to nuclear non-proliferation and export controls. Some key topics that might have been discussed during the 2016 meeting include:
- Reviewing the implementation of export control measures
- Evaluating the membership applications from non-member states
- Addressing emerging challenges in nuclear non-proliferation
- Strengthening cooperation among member states
Conclusion:
In conclusion, South Korea hosted the NSG Annual meet on 26th June 2016. This meeting provided member states with an opportunity to discuss and address important issues related to nuclear non-proliferation and export controls.

Answer:
The sportsperson associated with golf among the given options is Shiv Kapur. Here is a detailed explanation:
Shiv Kapur:
- Shiv Kapur is an Indian professional golfer.
- He was born on February 12, 1982, in New Delhi, India.
- Kapur turned professional in 2004 and has since competed in various professional golf tournaments.
- He has represented India in several international golf events, including the Asian Games and the World Cup of Golf.
- Kapur has won multiple titles on the Asian Tour, including the 2005 Volvo Masters of Asia and the 2017 Yeangder Heritage.
- He has also had success on the European Tour, with a standout performance being his victory at the 2017 Royal Cup in Thailand.
- Kapur is known for his strong technique, skillful play, and dedication to the sport.
Mohd. Haneef, Mudassar Nazar, and Vinayak Roy:
- Mohd. Haneef, Mudassar Nazar, and Vinayak Roy are not associated with golf.
- Mohd. Haneef is a former Indian cricketer who played as a fast bowler.
- Mudassar Nazar is a former Pakistani cricketer and coach.
- Vinayak Roy is not a notable sports personality.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Shiv Kapur, who is associated with golf.

Author of the book "The Unseen Indira Gandhi"
The author of the book "The Unseen Indira Gandhi" is Dr. K.P Mathur.
Explanation:
- The book "The Unseen Indira Gandhi" is a biography of the former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi.
- The author, Dr. K.P Mathur, provides insights into the life and political career of Indira Gandhi, shedding light on aspects that may not be widely known or understood.
- Dr. K.P Mathur has extensively researched and documented the life of Indira Gandhi, presenting a comprehensive and nuanced portrayal of one of India's most influential political figures.
- The book delves into various aspects of Indira Gandhi's life, including her personal struggles, political achievements, and the challenges she faced during her tenure as Prime Minister.
- Through meticulous research and analysis, Dr. K.P Mathur offers readers a deeper understanding of the complex personality and political legacy of Indira Gandhi.
- "The Unseen Indira Gandhi" provides valuable insights into the life of a prominent leader and serves as a valuable resource for those interested in Indian politics and history.
Overall, Dr. K.P Mathur's book "The Unseen Indira Gandhi" is a significant contribution to the understanding of one of India's most influential leaders.

The Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Assam, India.

Explanation:
The Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the state of Assam, India. It is situated in the Darrang and Udalguri districts of Assam. Here are some key details about the wildlife sanctuary:
- Location: The Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the northwestern part of Assam, near the border with Bhutan. It is spread across an area of approximately 26.22 square kilometers.
- Flora: The sanctuary is known for its diverse vegetation, which includes tropical evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, and grasslands. The dominant tree species in the sanctuary are Sal, Teak, and Bamboo.
- Wildlife: The sanctuary is home to a wide variety of wildlife species. Some of the commonly spotted animals here include elephants, tigers, leopards, barking deer, sambar deer, wild boar, and various species of primates. The sanctuary is also a significant habitat for various bird species.
- Conservation: The Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1980 with the aim of preserving the region's unique biodiversity. It is managed and protected by the Assam Forest Department.
- Tourism: The sanctuary offers opportunities for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers to explore its natural beauty. Visitors can engage in activities like wildlife safaris, bird watching, and nature walks. There are also eco-tourism facilities available near the sanctuary.
Overall, the Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam is a valuable natural resource that contributes to the conservation of wildlife and promotes eco-tourism in the region.

Dia Mirza has been recently named as ambassador for Swachh Bharat Mission’s youth-based wing ‘Swachh Saathi’.

Answer:
The name of the world's first-ever 3D-printed aircraft is Thor.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
Introduction:
- The world's first-ever 3D-printed aircraft was developed using additive manufacturing technology, specifically 3D printing.
- This revolutionary approach allows for the creation of complex structures with high precision and efficiency.
The Name:
- The name given to the world's first-ever 3D-printed aircraft is Thor.
- Thor is named after the Norse god of thunder, reflecting the groundbreaking nature of this achievement.
Significance:
- The development of Thor has significant implications for the aerospace industry and beyond.
- 3D printing allows for the rapid prototyping and production of aircraft components, reducing manufacturing time and costs.
- This technology also enables the creation of lightweight and strong structures, improving fuel efficiency and performance.
- The successful creation of Thor demonstrates the potential of 3D printing in revolutionizing aircraft design and production.
Conclusion:
- The world's first-ever 3D-printed aircraft is named Thor, reflecting its groundbreaking nature and the potential of additive manufacturing technology in the aerospace industry.
- Thor represents a significant milestone in the development of 3D-printed aircraft and highlights the advancements made in this field.

Theme of the 2nd edition of the International Day of Yoga (IDY) 2016: Connect the Youth
The theme of the 2nd edition of the International Day of Yoga (IDY) 2016 was "Connect the Youth". This theme was chosen to emphasize the importance of involving and engaging the younger generation in the practice of yoga. The aim was to promote yoga as a holistic approach to physical and mental well-being among the youth.
Here are the key points regarding the theme:
- Objective: To encourage young people to adopt a healthy lifestyle and incorporate yoga into their daily routine.
- Focus: The theme highlighted the significance of connecting young individuals with the practice of yoga and its potential benefits.
- Youth involvement: The International Day of Yoga events and activities aimed to attract the participation of young people from various backgrounds, including schools, colleges, universities, and youth organizations.
- Awareness: The theme emphasized the need to raise awareness about the positive impact of yoga on the physical, mental, and spiritual well-being of the youth.
- Empowerment: By connecting the youth with yoga, the intention was to empower them with tools and techniques to manage stress, improve concentration, enhance self-awareness, and promote overall wellness.
- Global participation: The theme encouraged young individuals from all around the world to come together and celebrate the International Day of Yoga, fostering a sense of unity and harmony.
Overall, the theme "Connect the Youth" aimed to inspire young people to embrace yoga as a means to lead a healthier and more balanced life, both individually and collectively.

Official Sponsor of the Indian Contingent for the Rio Olympics:
- The official sponsor of the Indian contingent for the Rio Olympics is Amul.
- Amul, a well-known dairy cooperative in India, was the official sponsor of the Indian contingent during the Rio Olympics.
- The sponsorship by Amul included providing financial support and branding opportunities for the athletes representing India at the Olympics.
- As the official sponsor, Amul's logo was prominently displayed on the Indian athletes' jerseys and other related merchandise.
- Amul's association with the Indian contingent aimed to promote their brand and support the athletes in their pursuit of excellence.
- Amul's sponsorship also helped in boosting the visibility and recognition of the Indian contingent at the international sporting event.
- The partnership between Amul and the Indian contingent showcased the support and pride of a homegrown Indian brand for its athletes.
- Amul's sponsorship of the Indian contingent for the Rio Olympics further highlights their commitment to promoting sports and supporting Indian athletes on a global platform.

The First Battle of Panipat:
The First Battle of Panipat was a significant battle fought in 1526 in the town of Panipat, present-day Haryana, India. It marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire in India. The battle was fought between two kings, Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, and Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty.
The Contesting Kings:
The two kings who participated in the First Battle of Panipat were:
1. Ibrahim Lodi: He was the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate and the Afghan Lodi dynasty. He had a large army consisting of both Afghan and Rajput soldiers.
2. Babur: He was the Timurid prince and the founder of the Mughal Empire. He had recently invaded India and established his rule in parts of northern India.
The Battle:
The battle took place on April 21, 1526. Here are the key points about the battle:
- Babur had a smaller army compared to Ibrahim Lodi, but he had superior artillery and cavalry.
- Babur strategically positioned his troops, placing his cannons in the center and cavalry on the flanks.
- Ibrahim Lodi's forces charged at Babur's center, but the Mughal artillery inflicted heavy casualties on the charging forces.
- Babur then ordered a counter-attack, and his cavalry attacked the flanks of Ibrahim Lodi's army.
- The flanking attack disrupted Ibrahim Lodi's forces, and they started to retreat.
- Ibrahim Lodi himself was killed during the battle, and his forces were completely defeated.
Outcome:
The victory in the First Battle of Panipat established Babur's control over Delhi and laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire in India. It also marked the end of the Delhi Sultanate. Babur went on to establish a powerful empire that lasted for centuries and had a profound impact on Indian history.

Answer:
Summary:
Ankit Sharma, who recently qualified for the 2016 Rio Olympics, is associated with the sport of Long Jump.
Detailed Explanation:
Ankit Sharma represents India in the sport of Long Jump and has qualified for the 2016 Rio Olympics. Here are the key points to support this answer:
- Ankit Sharma is an Indian athlete who is known for his achievements in the field of athletics.
- He recently qualified for the 2016 Rio Olympics, which indicates that he is a successful athlete in his sport.
- The question asks about the sport Ankit Sharma is associated with, and provides multiple options.
- Among the given options, Long Jump is the correct answer.
- Long Jump is a track and field event where athletes try to jump as far as possible from a designated take-off point.
- Ankit Sharma's specialization in Long Jump makes him a strong contender in this event.
- His qualification for the 2016 Rio Olympics further confirms his association with Long Jump.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B: Long Jump.
By considering these points, it can be concluded that Ankit Sharma, who recently qualified for the 2016 Rio Olympics, is associated with the sport of Long Jump.

Answer:
The newly appointed governor of Arunachal Pradesh is Tathagata Roy. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
- Arunachal Pradesh is a state in northeastern India.
- The state has a Governor who acts as the constitutional head.
- The Governor is appointed by the President of India.
Appointment of Tathagata Roy:
- Tathagata Roy was appointed as the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh on August 19, 2020.
- His appointment was made by the President of India, Ram Nath Kovind.
About Tathagata Roy:
- Tathagata Roy is a politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
- He has also served as the Governor of Tripura from 2015 to 2018.
- Before his political career, he had a successful career in the Indian Administrative Service (IAS).
Importance of the Governor:
- The Governor of a state represents the President and acts as the ceremonial head.
- The Governor also plays a crucial role in the functioning of the state government.
- They have the power to appoint the Chief Minister and other ministers.
- The Governor also has the power to dissolve the state legislative assembly under certain circumstances.
In conclusion, Tathagata Roy is the newly appointed Governor of Arunachal Pradesh. He brings with him a wealth of experience in politics and administration. As the Governor, he will play a significant role in the functioning of the state government and the overall development of Arunachal Pradesh.

The world's first electric road for heavy transport vehicles has been launched by which country?
The answer is C: Sweden.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of the world's first electric road for heavy transport vehicles launched by Sweden:
1. Introduction:
- Sweden has recently launched the world's first electric road for heavy transport vehicles.
- This groundbreaking initiative aims to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable transportation.
2. Electric Road Concept:
- The electric road concept involves embedding electric rails into the road surface.
- These conductive rails provide electric power to vehicles equipped with a power collector.
- Vehicles can charge their batteries and operate in electric mode while driving on the electric road.
3. Location and Distance:
- The electric road is located on a public road in central Sweden.
- It stretches for a distance of approximately 2 kilometers (1.2 miles).
4. Collaboration and Funding:
- The project is a collaboration between the Swedish Transport Administration and several industrial partners.
- The Swedish government has provided funding support for the initiative.
5. Benefits and Objectives:
- The electric road aims to reduce carbon emissions, noise pollution, and dependence on fossil fuels.
- It promotes the use of electric vehicles in the heavy transport sector, which is traditionally challenging to electrify.
- The project also aims to gather data and assess the feasibility of electric roads for wider implementation.
6. Electric Vehicle Technology:
- The electric road is compatible with hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and fully electric vehicles (EVs).
- Vehicles need to have a power collector installed to connect to the electric rails and charge their batteries.
7. Future Plans:
- The success of the world's first electric road in Sweden may inspire similar initiatives in other countries.
- Further research and development will be conducted to improve the technology and expand its implementation.
In conclusion, Sweden has taken a significant step towards sustainable transportation by launching the world's first electric road for heavy transport vehicles. This innovative concept aims to reduce carbon emissions and promote the use of electric vehicles in the heavy transport sector. The success of this initiative may pave the way for similar projects in other countries, contributing to a greener and more sustainable future.

India's first pilot programme to run two wheelers on CNG has been launched in New Delhi.

The detailed solution is as follows:

Background:
- Two-wheelers are a popular mode of transportation in India, particularly in urban areas.
- However, they contribute significantly to air pollution due to their high emissions.
- To address this issue, the Indian government has been promoting the use of cleaner fuels like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
Launch of the Pilot Programme:
- India's first pilot programme to run two-wheelers on CNG has been launched in New Delhi.
- The initiative is a collaboration between the Indraprastha Gas Limited (IGL) and the government of Delhi.
- The pilot programme aims to study the feasibility and impact of using CNG as a fuel for two-wheelers.
Key Points:
- CNG is a cleaner fuel compared to petrol and diesel, as it emits lower levels of pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.
- The use of CNG in two-wheelers can help in reducing air pollution and improving air quality in cities.
- The pilot programme will involve retrofitting existing two-wheelers with CNG kits.
- These kits will include a CNG cylinder, pressure regulator, and other necessary components.
- The programme will initially cover 50 two-wheelers, and their performance and emissions will be monitored.
- The findings from the pilot programme will help in formulating policies and regulations for the wider adoption of CNG two-wheelers in India.
Conclusion:
- The launch of India's first pilot programme to run two-wheelers on CNG in New Delhi is a significant step towards reducing air pollution and promoting cleaner transportation.
- The programme will provide valuable insights into the feasibility and impact of using CNG as a fuel for two-wheelers, which can guide future policies and initiatives in this direction.

First River Island District in India
The first river island district in India is Majuli.
Explanation:
Majuli is a river island located in the Brahmaputra River in the Indian state of Assam. It is the largest river island in the world and was declared a district in September 2016. Here are some key details about Majuli as the first river island district in India:
- Majuli is formed by the Brahmaputra River in the south and the Kherkutia Xuti, an anabranch of the Brahmaputra, in the north.
- It has a rich cultural heritage and is known for its Vaishnavite monasteries, including the famous Kamalabari Satra and Auniati Satra.
- Majuli is susceptible to erosion due to its location in a flood-prone area, and as a result, it has been shrinking in size over the years.
- The district administration of Majuli is responsible for governing the island and implementing various development projects to protect its environment and preserve its cultural heritage.
- The district is known for its unique ecosystem, which is home to several endangered species of flora and fauna.
Overall, Majuli becoming the first river island district in India is a significant step in recognizing the cultural and ecological importance of this unique landform.

Author of the book 'In the Line of Fire':

• Option C: Pervez Musharraf

Detailed
Pervez Musharraf is the author of the book 'In the Line of Fire.' He served as the President of Pakistan from 1999 to 2008. The book provides insights into his personal experiences and political career, particularly focusing on the events and challenges Pakistan faced during his tenure as the country's leader.
Here are some key points about the author and the book:

• Pervez Musharraf: He was a Pakistani military officer and politician who came to power through a military coup in 1999. He held various positions in the military, including the Chief of Army Staff.


• 'In the Line of Fire': The book was published in 2006 and offers a first-hand account of the challenges faced by Pakistan in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks and the subsequent War on Terror. It also covers topics such as Musharraf's relations with India, his views on nuclear weapons, and the Kashmir conflict.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Pervez Musharraf.

The world's most powerful supercomputer according to the 2016 edition of the Top500 list of supercomputers is Tianhe-2.
Explanation:
- The Top500 list is a ranking of the most powerful supercomputers in the world, based on their performance on the Linpack benchmark.
- In the 2016 edition of the list, Tianhe-2, also known as Milky Way-2, was ranked as the most powerful supercomputer.
- Tianhe-2 is located at the National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, China.
- It was developed by China's National University of Defense Technology and is capable of performing 33.86 petaflops (quadrillions of calculations per second).
- The supercomputer consists of 16,000 nodes, each containing two Intel Xeon IvyBridge processors and three Xeon Phi processors.
- Tianhe-2 has been used for a wide range of applications, including weather forecasting, oil exploration, and scientific research.
- It held the top spot on the Top500 list from June 2013 until June 2016 when it was surpassed by the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer.

Answer:
The cancer-causing chemical that has been banned by the Union Government as a food additive is Potassium Bromate. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
Potassium Bromate is a chemical compound that has been commonly used as a food additive, especially in bread and bakery products, to improve dough strength, texture, and volume. However, studies have shown that it poses significant health risks, including the potential to cause cancer.
Ban by the Union Government:
In 2016, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), under the Union Government, banned the use of Potassium Bromate as a food additive. This decision was based on the recommendations of an expert committee that found sufficient evidence linking the chemical to cancer.
Reasons for the Ban:
There are several reasons why Potassium Bromate was banned as a food additive:
1. Carcinogenicity: Potassium Bromate has been classified as a Group 2B carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), indicating that it is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
2. DNA Damage: Studies have shown that Potassium Bromate can cause DNA damage, which is a critical step in the development of cancer.
3. Thyroid Disorders: Potassium Bromate has also been linked to thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer.
4. Safer Alternatives: Safer alternatives to Potassium Bromate, such as Potassium Iodate, exist and can be used as dough improvers without the associated health risks.
Conclusion:
The Union Government has banned the use of Potassium Bromate as a food additive due to its carcinogenic properties and potential health risks. This decision aims to protect public health and ensure the safety of food products consumed by the population.

Answer:
The 2016 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit was hosted by Uzbekistan. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 2001. It consists of eight member states, including China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India, and Pakistan. The SCO holds annual summits to discuss and address regional issues, enhance cooperation, and promote mutual understanding among member countries.
2016 Summit:
The 2016 SCO summit took place in the city of Tashkent, Uzbekistan. It was the 16th annual summit of the organization. The theme of the summit was "SCO: Cooperation for the Benefit of the People and Development of the Region."
Key Points:
- Hosting country: Uzbekistan
- Summit location: Tashkent
- Date: The exact date of the summit was not mentioned in the question, but it took place in 2016.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the 2016 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit was hosted by Uzbekistan in Tashkent. The summit aimed to strengthen cooperation and promote development within the region.

India's Successful Satellite Launch

• Launch Vehicle: PSLV C-34

India has achieved a significant milestone by successfully launching a record 20 satellites into space. The satellite launch was carried out using the PSLV C-34 launch vehicle.

Key Details:

• The PSLV C-34 launch vehicle was developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).


• This launch vehicle has been instrumental in India's space exploration program and has a proven track record of successful missions.


• The launch took place from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.


• The satellites launched included a mix of Indian and international payloads, with a primary focus on Earth observation and remote sensing.


• The successful launch of 20 satellites in a single mission showcased India's growing prowess in the field of space technology.


• This achievement also set a new record for India, surpassing the previous record of launching 10 satellites in a single mission.

Overall, the successful launch of 20 satellites from the PSLV C-34 launch vehicle highlights India's capabilities in the space sector and contributes to the country's ongoing efforts in space exploration and research.

Answer:
The new deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of India is N.S. Vishwanathan. Here are the details:
Background:
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central banking institution of India.
- It is responsible for the issue and supply of the Indian rupee and the regulation of the Indian banking system.
Appointment of N.S. Vishwanathan:
- N.S. Vishwanathan was appointed as the deputy governor of the RBI.
- His appointment was made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC).
- The ACC is headed by the Prime Minister of India and includes the Minister of Home Affairs.
- N.S. Vishwanathan took charge as the deputy governor on July 4, 2016.
About N.S. Vishwanathan:
- N.S. Vishwanathan is a seasoned banker with over 36 years of experience.
- He has held various positions in the RBI, including Executive Director, and has a deep understanding of the banking sector.
- He has contributed significantly to the development of the Indian banking system and has played a key role in formulating various policies and regulations.
Responsibilities of the Deputy Governor:
- The deputy governor of the RBI is responsible for various key functions, including monetary policy, regulation and supervision of banks, and financial stability.
- They assist the governor in formulating and implementing monetary policies and managing the overall functioning of the central bank.
Conclusion:
- N.S. Vishwanathan has been appointed as the new deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of India.
- His vast experience in the banking sector makes him well-suited for this position, and he will play a crucial role in shaping the policies and regulations of the Indian banking system.

The correct answer is c

General Dalbir Singh Suhag, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC (born 28 December 1954) is the current Indian High Commissioner to Seychelles and a former Indian Army General. He was the 26th Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) of the Indian Army.

The 2016 Global Entrepreneurship Summit was held in India. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
- The Global Entrepreneurship Summit (GES) is an annual conference that brings together entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers from around the world.
- The summit aims to promote entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic growth.
2016 Global Entrepreneurship Summit:
- The 2016 GES was the seventh edition of the summit.
- It was held from November 28 to 30, 2016.
- The theme of the summit was "Women First, Prosperity for All."
- The summit focused on empowering women entrepreneurs and promoting economic growth.
Location:
- The 2016 GES was held in India.
- The venue for the summit was the Hyderabad International Convention Centre in Hyderabad, Telangana.
Significance:
- India was chosen as the host country for the summit due to its growing entrepreneurial ecosystem and commitment to promoting innovation and entrepreneurship.
- The summit provided a platform for Indian entrepreneurs to showcase their ideas and connect with global investors and mentors.
- It also highlighted the contribution of women entrepreneurs in driving economic growth.
Conclusion:
- The 2016 Global Entrepreneurship Summit was held in India, specifically in Hyderabad.
- The summit focused on empowering women entrepreneurs and promoting economic growth.
- India was chosen as the host country due to its thriving entrepreneurial ecosystem.