Basics Of Internet MCQ Test - 1 - Class 9 MCQ

ARPANET stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
Explanation:
- ARPANET was the first wide-area packet-switched network and the predecessor to the internet.
- It was funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), which was a research agency of the United States Department of Defense.
- ARPANET was established in the late 1960s and was operational until 1990.
- It was designed to connect computers and facilitate the exchange of information between researchers at different universities and research institutions.
- ARPANET played a crucial role in the development of the internet and its protocols.
- It introduced technologies such as packet switching and TCP/IP, which are fundamental to modern networking.
- ARPANET was the foundation for the creation of the internet as we know it today, connecting academic, military, and government institutions.
- By connecting different nodes and allowing them to communicate, ARPANET paved the way for the global network of interconnected computers that we use today.
In summary, ARPANET stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, which was the precursor to the internet and played a vital role in the development of modern computer networking.

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is the technology designed to use the existing telephone lines to transport high-bandwidth data to service subscribers. DSL was used to allow the early users access to the internet and it provides dedicated, point-to-point, public network access.

Web search engines work with the help of two programs:
1. Spider:
- Also known as a web crawler or bot, a spider is a program that systematically navigates the web, visiting web pages and collecting data.
- It starts by visiting a specific web page and then follows the links on that page to discover and visit other pages.
- The spider collects information about each page it visits, such as the page title, URL, metadata, and the content of the page.
- It stores this information in a database or index for later retrieval.
2. Indexer:
- The indexer is another program that works in conjunction with the spider.
- Its main task is to analyze and organize the information collected by the spider.
- It processes the collected data and creates an index, which is a structured database that enables efficient searching and retrieval of information.
- The indexer extracts keywords and other relevant information from the web pages and associates them with the respective URLs.
- It also assigns weights or rankings to the indexed pages based on various factors like relevance, popularity, and quality.
Together, the spider and indexer form the backbone of a web search engine:
- The spider crawls the web, discovering and collecting information from web pages.
- The indexer processes and organizes this information, creating an index that enables fast and accurate searching.
- When a user enters a search query, the search engine utilizes the index to quickly retrieve relevant results and present them to the user.
In conclusion:
- Web search engines rely on the spider to discover and collect information from web pages, and the indexer to process and organize this information into an index.
- These two programs work together to enable efficient searching and retrieval of web content.

Web Site is a collection of ______________.

A web site is a collection of various components that work together to deliver content and functionality to users. These components include:

1. Web Pages:
- The main building blocks of a website are web pages, which are HTML documents that contain text, images, and other media.
- Web pages are interconnected through hyperlinks, enabling users to navigate between different pages on the site.
2. Audio and Video Files:
- Websites often include audio and video files to enhance the user experience.
- These files can be embedded directly into web pages or linked to for users to download or stream.
3. Graphics Files:
- Graphics files, such as images, icons, logos, and illustrations, are an integral part of web design.
- They help to visually enhance the content, provide visual cues, and create a cohesive visual identity for the website.
4. Other Multimedia Elements:
- Apart from audio, video, and graphics files, web sites may also include other multimedia elements like animations, interactive elements, and presentations.
5. Scripts and Code:
- Web sites may also incorporate scripts and code, such as JavaScript, CSS, and server-side scripting, to add interactivity, enhance functionality, and improve user experience.
6. Navigation and Structure:
- Web sites have a navigational structure that helps users move through the different pages and sections of the site. This includes menus, sidebars, footers, and other elements that aid in site navigation.
7. Content Management System (CMS):
- Many websites are built using content management systems that provide a framework for organizing, creating, and managing the site's content. CMS platforms allow users to easily update and modify the content without requiring extensive technical knowledge.
8. User Interaction and Forms:
- Websites often include forms for users to provide feedback, submit inquiries, or interact with the site in other ways. These forms collect user input and send it to the website's server for processing.
9. Databases:
- Websites that require dynamic content or user-generated content often utilize databases to store and retrieve data. This allows for personalized user experiences, user accounts, and other dynamic functionalities.
In conclusion, a web site is a collection of various components, including web pages, audio and video files, graphics files, scripts and code, navigation and structure elements, content management systems, user interaction and forms, and databases. These components work together to create an interactive and engaging experience for users.

Web Portals: AOL, iGoogle, Yahoo
- AOL, iGoogle, and Yahoo are examples of web portals.
- Web portals are websites that serve as a gateway or entry point to a variety of information, services, and resources.
- They provide users with a customizable homepage where they can access various features and content.
- Web portals typically offer a range of services, such as email, news, weather, search engines, and social networking.
- They often allow users to personalize their experience by selecting and organizing the content they want to see on their homepage.
- Web portals may also include additional features like online shopping, gaming, and entertainment.
- AOL, iGoogle, and Yahoo have been popular web portals in the past, although their popularity has diminished in recent years with the rise of other platforms and social media.
- These portals aim to provide a centralized location for users to access different online services and information, making it convenient for users to find what they need without visiting multiple websites.

Cloud Computing:
- Cloud computing is a form of distributed computing that involves a large number of computers connected via a real-time communication network such as the Internet.
- It allows users to access and use a shared pool of computing resources, including networks, servers, storage, applications, and services, all without the need for local infrastructure.
- The term "cloud" refers to the internet, and in cloud computing, the resources are hosted on remote servers and accessed over the internet.
- Users can access these resources on-demand and scale them up or down as needed, paying only for the resources they consume.
- Cloud computing provides a flexible and cost-effective solution for businesses and individuals, offering scalability, reliability, and accessibility.
Thin Client Computing:
- Thin client computing is a computing model where the processing and storage capabilities of the client device are minimal.
- The client device, also known as a thin client, relies on a central server or cloud infrastructure to perform most of the computing tasks.
- The thin client device typically has limited hardware specifications and relies on the network connection to access applications and data.
- This model is often used in virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) setups, where the desktop environment is hosted on a server and accessed remotely by thin clients.
- Thin client computing reduces the hardware and maintenance costs for end-users, as most of the processing is done on the server side.
Fat Client Computing:
- Fat client computing, also known as thick client computing, refers to a computing model where the client device has significant processing and storage capabilities.
- In this model, the client device is capable of running applications locally and performing complex tasks without relying heavily on a central server or cloud infrastructure.
- The client device has a more substantial hardware configuration, including a powerful processor, sufficient storage, and memory.
- Fat client computing allows for offline work, as the applications and data are stored locally on the client device.
- This model is often used in scenarios where high performance and responsiveness are required, such as gaming or resource-intensive applications.
Dumb Terminal Computing:
- Dumb terminal computing refers to a computing model where the client device, also known as a dumb terminal, has minimal processing and storage capabilities.
- The dumb terminal relies entirely on a central server or mainframe for all computing tasks, including running applications and storing data.
- The dumb terminal acts as an input/output device, sending user inputs to the server and receiving output from the server to display on the screen.
- This model was prevalent in the early days of computing, where mainframe computers were used to perform all the processing, and the terminals were used only for input and output purposes.
- Dumb terminal computing is not widely used today, as the advancements in technology have enabled more powerful and independent client devices.
In conclusion, the correct answer is A: Cloud Computing. Cloud computing involves distributed computing over a network, utilizing a large number of computers connected via real-time communication networks such as the Internet. It provides users with access to a shared pool of computing resources and offers scalability, reliability, and accessibility.

Answer:
The correct answer is Blog. Let's understand what a blog is and why it fits the description given in the question.
Definition of a Blog:
A blog is a web page or a website that is regularly updated with personal opinions, commentaries, photos, and other content related to the author's hobbies, interests, or specific topics.
Explanation:
- A blog is a platform where individuals can express their personal opinions, share insights, and engage with readers.
- It allows people to publish their thoughts, experiences, and interests in a chronological manner, with the most recent posts appearing first.
- Blogs can cover a wide range of topics, including travel, food, fashion, technology, and more.
- They often include multimedia elements such as images, videos, and links to other relevant resources.
- Blogs are interactive, allowing readers to leave comments and engage in discussions with the author and other readers.
- They can be a source of information, entertainment, inspiration, or a platform for personal expression.
Conclusion:
A blog is a website that allows individuals to share their personal opinions, hobbies, interests, commentaries, and photos with others. It is a platform for self-expression and interaction with readers.

The HTTP Protocol
The HTTP protocol, which stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol, is a protocol that defines how messages are formatted and transmitted over the internet. It specifies the actions that web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. Here's a detailed explanation of the HTTP protocol:
1. Message Formatting:
- HTTP messages consist of a request or a response.
- The request message is sent by a client (such as a web browser) to a server, requesting a specific action to be performed.
- The response message is sent by the server to the client, providing the requested information or indicating an error.
2. Message Transmission:
- HTTP messages are transmitted over TCP/IP, which is the underlying protocol for internet communication.
- TCP/IP ensures that the messages are divided into packets and delivered reliably to the intended recipient.
3. Actions for Web Servers:
- Web servers receive HTTP requests from clients and process them.
- They perform actions such as retrieving resources (HTML files, images, etc.) from the server's file system or executing server-side scripts.
- The server then constructs an HTTP response message and sends it back to the client.
4. Actions for Web Browsers:
- Web browsers initiate HTTP requests to web servers to retrieve web pages.
- They send a request message specifying the desired resource (e.g., a URL).
- The browser then receives the response message from the server and renders the web page for the user to view.
5. Commands and Responses:
- HTTP defines a set of commands (methods) that clients can use in their requests, such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.
- The server responds to these commands with specific status codes, indicating the success or failure of the request (e.g., 200 for success, 404 for not found).
Conclusion:
The HTTP protocol is essential for communication between web servers and web browsers. It defines the format and transmission of messages, as well as the actions to be taken by servers and browsers. It enables the retrieval and rendering of web pages, making it a fundamental protocol for the World Wide Web.

Types of URLs:
There are two types of URLs: absolute and relative.
Absolute URLs:
Absolute URLs provide the complete address of a webpage, including the protocol (http:// or https://), domain name, and file path. They are used to link to webpages outside of the current website. Examples of absolute URLs include:
- http://www.example.com/index.html
- https://www.google.com/search?q=example
Relative URLs:
Relative URLs provide a partial address of a webpage, which is relative to the current webpage's location. They are used to link to webpages within the same website. Examples of relative URLs include:
- index.html (links to a webpage in the same directory)
- ../about.html (links to a webpage in the parent directory)
- /contact.html (links to a webpage in the root directory)
Difference between Absolute and Relative URLs:
- Absolute URLs include the full address, while relative URLs only include a partial address.
- Absolute URLs can be used to link to any webpage on the internet, while relative URLs are limited to the current website.
- Absolute URLs are typically longer and contain more information, while relative URLs are shorter and more concise.
Conclusion:
In summary, URLs can be classified into two types: absolute and relative. Absolute URLs provide the complete address of a webpage, while relative URLs provide a partial address relative to the current webpage's location. Understanding the difference between these two types of URLs is essential for effectively linking webpages within a website.

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities.