31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Morphology of Flowering - 1 - NEET MCQ

The stamens may be united into one bunch or one bundle (monoadelphous) as in china rose, or two bundles (diadelphous) as in pea, or into more than two bundles (polyadelphous) as in citrus.

Secondary plant metabolites are several chemical compounds produced by the plant cell through metabolic pathways obtained from the primary metabolic pathways. Primary metabolites include small molecules such as sugars, amino acids, tricarboxylic acids, or Krebs cycle intermediates, proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides. Many secondary metabolites are toxic or repellant to herbivores and microbes and help defend plants producing them. Secondary metabolism produces a large number of specialized compounds that do not aid in the growth and development of plants but are required for the plant to survive in its environment.

Parietal placentation is found in compound or syncarpous ovary. There are two or more longitudinal placentae or files of ovules attached to the ovary wall. The ovary is usually unilocular but becomes falsely two or more locular due to ingrowth of placentae or formation of false septa.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is swollen single root tuber that does not assume a definite shape. It is a modified adventitious root for storage of food.

Coconut fruit is fibrous drupe with a fibrous mesocarp.

Papilionaceous flowers are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla. A single, large upper petal is known as the banner or vexillum and the name has been derived from an ancient military standard. 

The Liliaceae are a huge variety, comprising about 280 genera and 4000 species of perennial herbs mostly. It includes starchy rhizomes, corms or bulbs, characterized by alternate leaves which are whorled. The flowers are often showy, mostly bisexual and actinomorphic. Also, they exhibit tricarpellary syncarpous gynoecium. Example of such a class is the Erythronium montanum, the alpine fawn lily. 

The proximal end is attached to the thalamus and the distal end bears the anthers.

Pitcher of Nepenthes or pitcher plant is modification of leaf whereas thorns in citrus tendrils of cucumber and flattened structure of Opuntia are all stem modification.

Phylloclades are aerial modified stem, in which stem becomes thick, fleshy, succulent, green and perform the function of photosynthesis. The leaves are reduced to spines in this.

The cotyledons are known as seed leaves, they are attached to the embryonic axis. Dicotyledons typically have two cotyledons and monocotyledons have only one cotyledon. The single shield-shaped cotyledon in grains known as scutellum.

In Opuntia, leaves become modified into spines to avoid transpiration so as to save water for desert adaptation. The stems of this plant appear like-leaf, termed as phylloclades which perform the process of photosynthesis. 

Indigofera is a member of family fabaceae. It has keel type of floral structure in which two anterior fused petals are present. 

Ovary is half superior and half inferior in perigynous flower. Among the lists of options, rose is the peri-gynous flower.
This characterisation is based on the position of the ovary in the flowers. In this case, all sepals, petals and stamens are fused together in a cup like structure which is usually around the ovary called hypanthium.These flowers are termed as perigynous.

Vegetative propagation takes place through rhizome in ginger. 

Superior ovary is found in china rose, mustard brinjal, potato, onion and tulip. Guava and cucumber have inferior ovary. 

The coconut water from tender coconut that we are familiar with, is nothing but free nuclear endosperm (made up of thousands of nuclei) and the surrounding white kemel is the cellular endosperm. In the most common type of endosperm development, the Primary Endosperm Nucleus (PEN) undergoes successive nuclear divisions to give rise to free nuclei. This stage of endosperm development is called free-nuclear endosperm.

Binary fission usually takes place in Amoeba, Paramoecium and Euglena. 

The flowers of cucumber are unisexual, it means they have only male flowers or only female flowers.

Parthenocarpic fruits (eg - banana) are produced without fertilization of ovule

Scutellum is large, shield shaped cotyledon that helps in the absorption of nutrients from endosperm during germination. 

Axile placentation occurs in syncarpous pistils. The ovary is partitioned into two or more chambers. Placentae occur in the central region where the septa meet so that an axile column bearing ovules is formed e.g., shoe flower (pentalocular), lemon (multilocular), etc.

Potato is an example of edible underground stem. It is differentiated into nodes and internodes. The ‘eyes’ on potato tuber indicate axillary buds at the nodes. 

Generally, monocotyledonous seeds (e.g., grasses) are endospermic but some as in orchids are non-endospermic. Mango is a drupe fruit develop from multicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary having one or many seeded. A sterile stamen is called a staminode. In monocots, outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous layer called aleurone layer. 

If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction as in Cassia and gulmohur, the aestivation is called imbricate. 

Aggregate fruits of etec rio are those fruits that develop from the merger of multicarpelllary apocarpous gynoecium ( ovary). In contrast, a simple fruit develops from one ovary, Aggregate fruit may also be called accessory fruits in which part of the flower and form part of the fruit, e,g., raspberry, etc. They are of following types; Etaerio of follicles, etaerio of achenes, etaerio of berries, etaerio of drupes. 

In Tomato the edible part is pericarp and placenta.

In sweetpea (Pisum sativum), the placentation is marginal, in which the placenta develops along the junction of two carpels, in a unilocular ovary. In basal placentation, the ovules are few or reduced to one and are borne at the base of ovary.

Mangroves grow in salt marshy soil and thus produces pneumatophore, a type of roots grow negatively geotropic for taking in oxygen from the air. They are pencil-like roots that stick up out of the dense, wet ground like snorkels. 

The root is nearly globular or spherical in shape. The basal portion of root is much swollen which suddenly tapers towards the apex giving a top shaped appearance, e.g., Turnip and Beet.