Test : Plant Life - 4 - Class 5 MCQ

Answer:
The correct option among the given choices is E: None of these. None of the options listed (Urea, Superphosphate, Ammonium sulphate, Nitrate) are classified as manure. Manure refers to organic matter that is used as a fertilizer for plants. It is derived from the decomposition of animal or plant waste. Manure is rich in nutrients and helps in improving soil fertility and enhancing plant growth.
Here are the reasons why the given options are not considered manure:
- Urea: Urea is a synthetic nitrogenous compound that is commonly used as a nitrogen fertilizer. It is not derived from organic matter and does not undergo decomposition like manure.
- Superphosphate: Superphosphate is a type of chemical fertilizer that is produced by treating rock phosphate with sulfuric acid. It is not derived from organic matter and does not possess the characteristics of manure.
- Ammonium sulphate: Ammonium sulphate is a chemical compound that is often used as a nitrogen fertilizer. Similar to urea and superphosphate, it is not derived from organic matter and does not function as manure.
- Nitrate: Nitrate refers to a class of chemical compounds that contain the nitrate ion (NO3-). While nitrates can be used as a source of nitrogen for plants, they are not considered manure.
In conclusion, manure is not represented by any of the given options (Urea, Superphosphate, Ammonium sulphate, Nitrate).

Seed uses its stored food.

Seeds of mango are dispersed by:
There are various methods by which seeds of mango are dispersed. Let's discuss each option:

1. Water: Mango seeds are not typically dispersed by water. They are too heavy to be carried away by water currents.


2. Air: Mango seeds are not dispersed by air either. They do not have any adaptations for wind dispersal.


3. Animals: This is the correct answer. Mango seeds are dispersed by animals. The flesh of the mango fruit is eaten by animals, and they often discard the seeds in different locations, aiding in seed dispersal.


4. Explosion: Mango seeds do not undergo explosive dispersal.


5. None of these: This option is incorrect as mango seeds are indeed dispersed by animals.

In conclusion, mango seeds are dispersed by animals, specifically through the consumption of the fruit and subsequent excretion or dropping of the seeds in different locations.

Process of scattering of seeds away from the parent plant:
1. Germination:
- Germination is the process by which a seed grows into a new plant.
- It begins when the seed absorbs water and the embryo inside the seed starts to grow.
- The root emerges first, followed by the shoot, which grows towards the sunlight.
2. Dispersal:
- Dispersal is the process of scattering seeds away from the parent plant to new locations.
- This is important for the survival and growth of plant species as it helps in reducing competition for resources.
- There are various mechanisms of seed dispersal, including wind, water, animals, and self-dispersal.
3. Protection:
- Plants have evolved different strategies to protect their seeds during dispersal.
- Some plants produce fruits that are attractive to animals, which eat the fruit and then disperse the seeds through their droppings.
- Other plants have seeds that are adapted for wind dispersal, such as having wings or being lightweight.
4. Agriculture:
- Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.
- While agriculture involves the intentional planting of seeds, it is not part of the natural process of seed dispersal away from the parent plant.
5. None of these:
- This option is incorrect as seed dispersal is a natural process that is essential for the survival and diversity of plant species.

Kharif Crops Grown from June to October in India:
Kharif crops are the crops that are sown during the rainy season in India, which generally starts from June and extends till October. These crops require a good amount of water for their growth and development. Here are some of the major Kharif crops grown during this period in India:
1. Paddy (Rice): Rice is the most important Kharif crop in India. It is grown in both irrigated and rain-fed areas.
2. Maize: Maize is another significant Kharif crop that is grown extensively in various parts of the country.
3. Coarse grains: Coarse grains like jowar, bajra, and ragi are also sown during this season.
4. Pulses: Pulses such as pigeon pea (tur or arhar), moong, and urad are grown during the Kharif season.
5. Cotton: Cotton is an important cash crop that is cultivated during this period. It is grown for its fiber.
6. Groundnut: Groundnut is a major oilseed crop grown during the Kharif season.
7. Sugarcane: Sugarcane cultivation is also done during this period. It requires a long period to mature.
8. Vegetables: Various vegetables like brinjal, okra, pumpkin, and cucumber are also grown during this season.
9. Oilseeds: Besides groundnut, other oilseeds like sesame, sunflower, and soybean are also cultivated.
10. Spices: Spices such as turmeric and ginger are also grown during the Kharif season.
It is important to note that the specific crops grown may vary depending on the region and climatic conditions.

Explanation:
Crops can be protected in various ways, but the question asks for the way in which crops cannot be protected. Therefore, we need to find the option that does not provide protection for crops. Let's analyze each option:
A: Use of insecticides.
- Insecticides are used to control and kill insects that can damage crops.
- This method provides protection for crops.
- This option does not fulfill the condition of not providing protection.
B: Use of pesticides.
- Pesticides are used to control pests and diseases that can harm crops.
- This method also provides protection for crops.
- This option does not fulfill the condition of not providing protection.
C: Allowing animals to graze in the crop field.
- Allowing animals to graze in the crop field can lead to crop damage.
- This option does not provide protection for crops.
- This option fulfills the condition of not providing protection.
D: Proper fencing of the field.
- Proper fencing of the field can prevent animals and pests from entering and damaging the crops.
- This method provides protection for crops.
- This option does not fulfill the condition of not providing protection.
E: None of these.
- This option is incorrect because option C, allowing animals to graze in the crop field, does not provide protection for crops.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Allowing animals to graze in the crop field.

The option that is not followed in agriculture is "Knitting and Weaving."
Explanation:
Agriculture involves various practices and techniques to cultivate crops and raise livestock. However, knitting and weaving are not directly related to agricultural activities. Here is a detailed explanation of the options:
A: Ploughing - Ploughing is a common practice in agriculture where the soil is turned over using a plough to loosen it and prepare it for planting.
B: Manuring - Manuring refers to the process of adding organic or inorganic materials to the soil to improve its fertility and provide essential nutrients to the crops.
C: Knitting and Weaving - Knitting and weaving are textile activities that involve creating fabrics or garments using yarn or thread. These activities are not directly associated with agriculture.
D: Irrigation - Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops through artificial means, such as canals, sprinklers, or drip systems. It is an essential practice in agriculture to ensure proper growth and development of plants.
E: None of these - This option is not the correct answer as knitting and weaving are not followed in agriculture.
In conclusion, knitting and weaving are not followed in agriculture, making option C the correct answer.

Introduction:
In this question, we are asked to identify the term that refers to the cutting and gathering of ripened crops.
Explanation:
The process of cutting and gathering ripened crops is known as harvesting. Let's break down the options given:
A: Agriculture
Agriculture is a broad term that encompasses various activities related to farming, including cultivation, harvesting, and more. However, it does not specifically refer to the cutting and gathering of ripened crops.
B: Harvesting
This option correctly identifies the process of cutting and gathering ripened crops. Harvesting involves the collection of crops from the fields after they have reached maturity.
C: Dispersal
Dispersal refers to the act of spreading or scattering something, typically in the context of seeds or organisms. It is not directly related to the cutting and gathering of ripened crops.
D: Germination
Germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant. It occurs after the dispersal of seeds and is not directly associated with the cutting and gathering of crops.
E: None of these
This option is not applicable in this case as option B, Harvesting, correctly identifies the term we are looking for.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is b. Harvesting. It is the term used to describe the cutting and gathering of ripened crops.

Explanation:
The given analogy is Bryophyllum : Ginger :: ____ : Underground stem.
To solve this analogy, we need to find a similar relationship between the given words.
- Bryophyllum is a type of plant that reproduces through leaves.
- Ginger is a type of plant that reproduces through underground stems called rhizomes.
From this information, we can conclude that the missing term should also be a plant that reproduces through underground stems.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B: Leaf.
This is because just like bryophyllum reproduces through leaves and ginger reproduces through underground stems, there are some plants that reproduce through leaves. These leaves develop adventitious buds that grow into new plants when they come in contact with the soil. This process is called vegetative reproduction.
Hence, the analogy is Bryophyllum : Leaf :: Ginger : Underground stem.

Explanation:
The outer covering that protects the baby plant inside the seed is called the seed coat. The seed coat serves several important purposes, including:
1. Protection:
- The seed coat acts as a protective barrier, shielding the baby plant from external factors such as physical damage, pathogens, and drying out.
- It prevents the embryo from being damaged by environmental conditions like extreme temperatures or moisture.
2. Dormancy:
- The seed coat plays a crucial role in maintaining the dormancy of the embryo.
- It prevents the seed from germinating until the conditions are favorable for the survival and growth of the plant.
3. Nutrient Storage:
- In some seeds, the seed coat may also store essential nutrients that the developing embryo can utilize during germination and early growth.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Seed coat.

Explanation:
The seeds that are dispersed by explosion have a unique mechanism where they burst open forcefully, allowing the seeds to be scattered over a wide area. Among the given options, the seeds dispersed by explosion are:
- Poppy: The poppy plant has seed pods that are spherical in shape and contain numerous small seeds. When the seed pods dry out, they become very rigid. As the pods mature, the tension in the walls of the pod increases, eventually leading to an explosive release of the seeds.
- Balsam: Balsam plants have seed pods that are elongated and contain several seeds. When the pods are mature, they undergo a sudden dehiscence, which means they split open explosively, ejecting the seeds.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: All the above. Both poppy and balsam seeds are dispersed by explosion.

Seeds of coconut have:

• Spiny covering: No


• Fibrous covering: Yes


• Wings: No


• Hooks: No


• None of these: No

The correct answer is B: Fibrous covering.
Coconut seeds have a fibrous covering, also known as the husk, which surrounds the hard inner shell. This fibrous covering is composed of tough fibers that provide protection to the seed. It helps to prevent damage and desiccation of the seed.
The fibrous covering of the coconut seed is commonly used for various purposes. It can be processed to make coir, which is used in the production of ropes, mats, brushes, and other products. The fibrous husk is also used as a natural material for insulation and as a growing medium in horticulture.
It's important to note that coconut seeds do not have a spiny covering, wings, or hooks. These options are incorrect in the context of coconut seeds.

Seeds dispersed by animals:


A: Pea
- Pea seeds are not dispersed by animals. They are typically dispersed by humans or by the plant itself through the process of self-dispersal.
B: Coconut
- Coconut seeds are dispersed by animals. They have a hard outer shell that allows them to float in water and be carried by ocean currents to other locations. Animals, such as crabs and sea turtles, also play a role in dispersing coconut seeds by consuming the fruits and excreting the seeds in different areas.
C: Cocklebur
- Cocklebur seeds are dispersed by animals. They have hooked spines that easily attach to the fur or feathers of animals. As the animals move, the seeds are carried to different locations and can be deposited in new areas.
D: Balsam
- Balsam seeds are not typically dispersed by animals. They are dispersed by explosive mechanisms within the plant itself, which helps propel the seeds a short distance away.
E: None of these
- This option is incorrect as both coconut and cocklebur seeds are dispersed by animals.
In conclusion, the correct answer is C: Cocklebur as it is the only seed among the given options that is dispersed by animals.

Dispersal of Seeds by Bursting
The correct answer to the given question is option B: Explosion. This refers to a method of seed dispersal where the seeds burst open to release and scatter their contents. Here is a detailed explanation:
Seed Dispersal
Seed dispersal is the process by which seeds are spread or transported away from their parent plant. This dispersal is essential for plants to colonize new areas, reduce competition, and increase their chances of survival.
Bursting of Seeds
Some plants have developed a mechanism where their seeds burst open to disperse their contents. This bursting can occur due to various factors, including:
1. Pressure Build-up: The seeds accumulate water or other substances, causing an increase in internal pressure. Eventually, this pressure becomes too much for the seed coat to contain, resulting in the seeds bursting open.
2. Drying and Shrinking: Some seeds have a hard outer coat that dries and shrinks as it loses moisture. This drying and shrinking cause the seed coat to split or crack, leading to the release of the seeds.
3. Explosive Mechanisms: Certain plants have specialized structures or mechanisms that aid in the explosive dispersal of their seeds. These structures, such as seed pods or capsules, are designed to rupture forcefully, propelling the seeds away from the parent plant.
Advantages of Bursting Seeds
The bursting of seeds as a dispersal mechanism offers several advantages to the plants:
1. Increased Range: By bursting and scattering their seeds, plants can colonize new areas and expand their range beyond the immediate vicinity of the parent plant.
2. Reduced Competition: Seed dispersal helps to reduce competition among closely related plants. By spreading their seeds over a wider area, plants can avoid overcrowding and compete for resources more effectively.
3. Escape from Predators: Bursting seeds can quickly disperse over a distance, making it harder for predators to locate and consume all the seeds from a single plant.
4. Optimal Growth Conditions: Seed dispersal allows plants to find suitable habitats with favorable conditions for growth and survival, including access to sunlight, water, and nutrients.
In conclusion, the bursting of seeds is a method of seed dispersal where the seeds burst open to release and scatter their contents. This mechanism provides several advantages for plants, including increased range, reduced competition, escape from predators, and access to optimal growth conditions.

Answer:
The correct option among the given choices is C: Hiptage. Hiptage is a flowering plant that has wings on its seeds, which help in wind dispersal. This means that the seeds are lightweight and have structures that enable them to be carried away by the wind to new locations for germination and growth.
Here is a detailed explanation of each option:
A: Coconut - Coconut seeds do not have wings for wind dispersal. They are typically dispersed by water or by falling from the tree.
B: Mango - Mango seeds are not adapted for wind dispersal. They are generally dispersed by animals or through human activities.
C: Hiptage - Hiptage seeds have wings that allow them to be carried away by the wind. This adaptation helps in the dispersal of seeds to new areas for colonization.
D: Papaya - Papaya seeds are not adapted for wind dispersal. They are usually dispersed by animals or through human activities.
E: None of these - This option is incorrect as Hiptage is the correct answer.
In conclusion, Hiptage is the plant among the given options that has wings on its seeds, which help in wind dispersal.

Explanation:

The shoot of a plant refers to the part of the plant that grows above the ground and includes the stem, leaves, and flowers. The direction in which the shoot grows is determined by various factors, including the plant's genetic programming and environmental conditions.

Factors influencing the direction of shoot growth:

• Phototropism: Plants exhibit a behavior called phototropism, which is the growth or movement of the shoot towards a light source. This helps the plant maximize its exposure to sunlight, which is essential for photosynthesis.


• Gravitropism: Plants also display gravitropism, which is the growth or movement of the shoot in response to gravity. The shoot of most plants grows upward against gravity, while the roots grow downward.


• Geotropism: Geotropism is a general term that encompasses both positive (growing towards the force) and negative (growing against the force) gravitropism. Shoots typically display negative geotropism as they grow against the force of gravity.


• Environmental cues: Other environmental cues, such as the availability of nutrients, water, and space, can also influence the direction of shoot growth.

Conclusion:

Based on these factors, the shoot of a plant generally grows upward, against gravity, towards a light source. Therefore, the correct answer is Option B: Upward.

The result of germination of seed is:
There are several results of seed germination, including:
- Fruit: After germination, the seed develops into a fruit in flowering plants. The fruit contains the seeds that can be dispersed to start the process of germination again.
- Seedling: The seed germinates and develops into a seedling. The seedling is the early stage of a plant's growth, where it starts to develop leaves, stems, and roots.
- Root: One of the first visible signs of germination is the emergence of a root. The root grows down into the soil, anchoring the seedling and absorbing water and nutrients.
- Flower: In flowering plants, the result of germination is the development of a flower. The flower is the reproductive structure of the plant, which produces seeds for further germination.
- None of these: If none of the above options are applicable, then the result of germination may vary depending on the specific plant species.
In the given options, the correct answer is Seedling (Option B), as it represents the early stage of a plant's growth after germination.

The correct answer is A: Carbon dioxide.
Here is the detailed explanation:
Photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. It takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells and involves a series of complex reactions.
Products of Photosynthesis:
During photosynthesis, several products are formed. These include:
1. Oxygen: Oxygen is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis. It is produced when water molecules are split during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
2. Glucose: Glucose is the primary product of photosynthesis. It is a simple sugar that serves as a source of energy for plants. Glucose is stored in various forms such as starch, cellulose, and sucrose.
3. Water: Water is one of the reactants in photosynthesis. It is split into hydrogen and oxygen during the light-dependent reactions, and the oxygen is released, as mentioned earlier.
Not a Product of Photosynthesis:
The product of photosynthesis that is not mentioned in the options is Carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide is actually one of the reactants in photosynthesis, along with water and sunlight. It is taken in by plants through tiny pores called stomata on the surface of leaves.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Carbon dioxide.