Test: Human Body and Their Needs- 3 - Class 5 MCQ

Answer: Jaundice is the disease that is caused by contaminated food and water.
Explanation:
Contaminated food and water can often contain harmful bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can cause various diseases. In the given options, the disease caused by contaminated food and water is Jaundice. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Jaundice: It is a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes. It is caused by the buildup of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells, in the body. Contaminated food and water can harbor hepatitis viruses (such as Hepatitis A and E) that can infect the liver, leading to jaundice.
- Influenza: Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. It is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and not through contaminated food and water.
- Whooping cough: Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory system. It spreads through respiratory droplets and not through contaminated food and water.
- Pneumonia: Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. It can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, but it is not typically caused by contaminated food and water.
In conclusion, jaundice is the disease caused by contaminated food and water, while the other options are not directly associated with food and water contamination.

Normal Hemoglobin Range:
The normal hemoglobin range in the human body is as follows:
A: 5-10 gm/dl
- This range is lower than the normal hemoglobin levels.
B: 12-16 gm/dl
- This range is considered the normal hemoglobin range for adults.
- It indicates a healthy level of hemoglobin in the blood.
C: 20-30 gm/dl
- This range is higher than the normal hemoglobin levels.
- Very high levels of hemoglobin may be associated with certain medical conditions.
D: 1-2 gm/dl
- This range is significantly lower than the normal hemoglobin levels.
- Extremely low levels of hemoglobin may indicate severe anemia or other medical conditions.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is B: 12-16 gm/dl. This range is considered normal for adults and indicates a healthy level of hemoglobin in the blood.

To identify the involuntary actions from the given list, we need to understand the definition of voluntary and involuntary actions.
- Voluntary actions: These are actions that we consciously control and can choose to perform or not. We have control over these actions and can initiate or stop them at will.
- Involuntary actions: These are actions that occur without conscious control. We do not have direct control over these actions and they happen automatically or reflexively.
Now, let's analyze each action from the given list:
1. Chewing of food: This action is voluntary as we have control over it and can choose to chew our food or not.
2. Digestion of food: This action is involuntary as it occurs automatically without conscious control.
3. Heart beating: This action is involuntary as the heart beats automatically and we do not have control over it.
4. Breathing: This action is involuntary as it occurs automatically without conscious control.
5. Dancing: This action is voluntary as we have control over it and can choose to dance or not.
6. Singing: This action is voluntary as we have control over it and can choose to sing or not.
7. Standing upright: This action is voluntary as we have control over it and can choose to stand upright or not.
From the analysis above, the involuntary actions are (ii) Digestion of food, (iii) Heart beating, and (iv) Breathing.
Therefore, the correct answer is (A) (ii), (iii), and (iv) only.

Communicable disease:
- Communicable diseases are those that can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission.
- These diseases can spread through direct contact with an infected person, through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through contaminated food and water.
- The transmission of communicable diseases can occur through different routes such as airborne transmission, droplet transmission, fecal-oral transmission, vector-borne transmission, and direct contact transmission.
- Examples of communicable diseases include the common cold, influenza, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections, hepatitis, and foodborne illnesses.
- Preventive measures such as practicing good hygiene, maintaining proper sanitation, getting vaccinated, and using barrier methods during sexual intercourse can help reduce the spread of communicable diseases.
- Treatment for communicable diseases may involve the use of medications, supportive care, and isolation or quarantine to prevent further transmission.
- It is important to promptly diagnose and treat communicable diseases to prevent their spread and protect the health of individuals and communities.

Answer:
The type of joint at the shoulder that allows the full circle rotation of the upper limb is a ball and socket joint.
Explanation:
The shoulder joint is formed by the articulation between the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) and the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade). This joint is classified as a ball and socket joint, which allows for a wide range of motion and enables the upper limb to move in multiple directions, including full circle rotation.
Key Points:
- The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint.
- The ball and socket joint allows for a wide range of motion.
- It enables the upper limb to move in multiple directions, including full circle rotation.
- The articulation is between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

The ball and socket joint is the type of joint where a rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow socket of another bone. This allows for a wide range of movement in multiple directions. The joint that can be grouped under the ball and socket type joint is the hip joint.
Here's a detailed explanation:
Hip Joint:
- The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the pelvis.
- The rounded head of the femur fits into the cup-shaped socket of the pelvis, allowing for a wide range of movement.
- This joint enables movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation of the leg.
- The hip joint is one of the most stable and strong joints in the body, supporting the weight of the upper body and providing stability during activities like walking, running, and jumping.
Other joints mentioned in the options are not ball and socket joints:
Neck Joint:
- The neck joint, also known as the cervical spine, consists of several vertebrae connected by intervertebral discs and ligaments.
- It allows for movements such as flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral bending of the neck.
- However, the neck joint is a pivot joint, not a ball and socket joint.
Knee Joint:
- The knee joint is a hinge joint that connects the femur to the tibia (shinbone).
- It allows for flexion and extension movements, similar to a door hinge.
- The knee joint also has some rotational and gliding movements, but it is not a ball and socket joint.
Elbow Joint:
- The elbow joint is a hinge joint that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) to the ulna and radius (forearm bones).
- It allows for flexion and extension movements, similar to a door hinge.
- The elbow joint also allows for some rotation of the forearm, but it is not a ball and socket joint.
In conclusion, the hip joint is the joint that can be grouped under the ball and socket type joint.

Explanation:
The type of joint in the neck that allows rotational movement is the Pivot joint. This joint is specifically found between the atlas (C1 vertebra) and the axis (C2 vertebra) in the neck region.
The pivot joint allows for the following movements:
- Rotation: The atlas rotates around the dens (odontoid process) of the axis, allowing the head to rotate from side to side.
Advantages of Pivot Joint:
- Increased range of motion: The pivot joint in the neck allows for a greater range of rotational movement compared to other types of joints.
- Flexibility: The ability to rotate the head and neck enables us to perform various activities like looking over our shoulder, checking blind spots while driving, and turning our heads to interact with our surroundings.
Other Types of Joints in the Neck:
- Ball and socket joint: Allows for a wide range of movements in all directions, but the neck does not have a ball and socket joint.
- Gliding joint: Allows for sliding and gliding movements between flat surfaces, which is not the primary type of movement in neck rotation.
- Hinge joint: Allows for flexion and extension, like the elbow joint, but does not permit rotational movements like the pivot joint in the neck.
In conclusion, the ability to rotate the neck is made possible due to the presence of a pivot joint between the atlas and the axis in the neck region.

The correct match for the given options is:
A: Iron - Anemia
Explanation:
- Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of iron in the body.
- Iron is an essential mineral that is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body's tissues.
- A lack of iron can lead to a decreased production of red blood cells, resulting in anemia.
- Symptoms of anemia include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.
- Iron deficiency anemia is a common nutritional deficiency worldwide, especially in developing countries.
Therefore, the correct match is A: Iron - Anemia.

Not a vaccine preventable disease:
- AIDS
Vaccine preventable diseases:
- Polio
- Pertussis
- Tetanus
Explanation:
- AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent HIV infection or cure AIDS. HIV is primarily spread through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
- Polio (Poliomyelitis) is a highly infectious viral disease that mainly affects young children. It can lead to paralysis or even death, but it is preventable through vaccination.
- Pertussis (Whooping cough) is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent pertussis, especially in infants and young children.
- Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system. It can lead to muscle stiffness, spasms, and even death. Tetanus can be prevented through vaccination.
Conclusion:
Among the given diseases, AIDS is the only one that is not a vaccine preventable disease. Polio, pertussis, and tetanus can all be prevented through vaccination.

Answer: D. Jaundice - yellow color of eye, nail and urine
Explanation:
Jaundice is a medical condition characterized by yellowing of the skin, eyes, and body fluids. It is caused by an excessive buildup of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down. The correct pairing is as follows:
- Typhoid is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. It is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, weakness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Difficulty in breathing is not a symptom of typhoid.
- Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria. It is characterized by symptoms such as sore throat, fever, and the formation of a grayish-white membrane in the throat. Red rashes on the body are not associated with diphtheria.
- Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. It can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Fever and body ache are not typical symptoms of anemia.
- Jaundice, as mentioned earlier, is characterized by yellowing of the skin, eyes, and body fluids. It is often accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal pain, and dark urine. Yellow color of the eye, nail, and urine is a characteristic symptom of jaundice.
In summary, the correct pairing is D: Jaundice - yellow color of eye, nail, and urine.

Explanation:

The symptoms described, such as bleeding gums and swollen and painful knees, are characteristic of scurvy. Scurvy is a nutritional deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet. Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps maintain the integrity of blood vessels, connective tissues, and bones.

Here is a breakdown of the possible diseases mentioned and why scurvy is the most likely:

- Rickets: Vitamin D deficiency
- Rickets is a bone disorder caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.
- Symptoms include weak and soft bones, skeletal deformities, and delayed growth.
- Bleeding gums and swollen and painful knees are not characteristic symptoms of rickets.
- Anemia: Vitamin A deficiency
- Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
- Symptoms can include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.
- Bleeding gums and swollen and painful knees are not characteristic symptoms of anemia.
- Scurvy: Vitamin C deficiency
- Scurvy is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet.
- Symptoms include bleeding gums, joint pain and swelling, fatigue, and weakness.
- Bleeding gums and swollen and painful knees are characteristic symptoms of scurvy.
- Beri beri: Vitamin E deficiency
- Beri beri is a disease caused by a deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B1).
- Symptoms can include muscle weakness, difficulty walking, and heart problems.
- Bleeding gums and swollen and painful knees are not characteristic symptoms of beri beri.
Therefore, based on the symptoms described, Picku is most likely suffering from scurvy, a disease caused by a deficiency in vitamin C. It is important for Picku to seek medical attention and incorporate foods rich in vitamin C into their diet to alleviate the symptoms and prevent further complications.

The muscle which is under our control and helps in movement is Striated muscle.
Striated muscle, also known as skeletal muscle, is the muscle type that is under our control and is responsible for voluntary movements. Here are some key points about striated muscle:
1. Structure: Striated muscle is composed of long, cylindrical fibers that are bundled together to form muscles. These fibers have a striped or striated appearance when viewed under a microscope, hence the name.
2. Control: Striated muscle is under conscious control, meaning we can consciously decide to contract or relax these muscles to produce movement. This control is achieved through the somatic nervous system.
3. Location: Striated muscle is found throughout the body and is attached to bones by tendons. It is responsible for various movements, such as walking, running, lifting weights, and facial expressions.
4. Voluntary movements: Striated muscle is responsible for voluntary movements, which are movements that we consciously initiate and control. These movements are usually deliberate and require coordination between the brain, nerves, and muscles.
5. Appearance: Under a microscope, striated muscle fibers appear striped due to the arrangement of protein filaments called actin and myosin. This organized arrangement allows for efficient muscle contraction and movement.
In conclusion, striated muscle is the type of muscle that is under our control and helps in voluntary movements. It plays a crucial role in our ability to move and perform various activities.

Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, leading to fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms. It can be corrected by addressing the underlying cause and replenishing the necessary nutrients. Among the options provided, the correct answer is B: Taking iron tablets. Here is a detailed explanation:
Anemia and its causes:
- Anemia can be caused by various factors, including iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency, chronic diseases, and genetic disorders.
- Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia and occurs when the body doesn't have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of hemoglobin.
How iron tablets help correct anemia:
- Iron is an essential mineral needed for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the body's tissues.
- Taking iron tablets helps replenish the iron stores in the body, allowing for the production of more red blood cells and hemoglobin.
- It is important to take iron tablets as prescribed by a healthcare professional and for the recommended duration to see improvement in anemia symptoms.
Other considerations:
- While iron tablets are effective for iron deficiency anemia, other types of anemia may require different treatment approaches.
- Calcium tablets, vitamin E capsules, and vitamin B capsules are not specifically targeted at correcting anemia, although they may be beneficial for overall health.
- It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan for anemia.
In conclusion, anemia can be corrected by taking iron tablets, which help address iron deficiency and promote the production of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Consulting with a healthcare professional is essential for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Deficiency diseases are non-communicable diseases.
Explanation:
- Deficiency diseases are caused by a lack or deficiency of essential nutrients in the body.
- These diseases occur when the body does not receive an adequate supply of vitamins, minerals, or other essential substances.
- Deficiency diseases can affect various systems and organs in the body, leading to a range of symptoms and health problems.
- Some common deficiency diseases include scurvy (vitamin C deficiency), rickets (vitamin D deficiency), and anemia (iron deficiency).
- Unlike communicable diseases, which can be transmitted from person to person, deficiency diseases are not contagious and cannot be spread between individuals.
- Genetic diseases, on the other hand, are caused by abnormalities or mutations in a person's genes and are not directly related to nutrient deficiencies.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B: non-communicable disease.

ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) is very helpful in case of diarrhea and dehydration. Here is why:

1. Rehydration: ORS helps to replenish the lost fluids and electrolytes in the body due to diarrhea. It contains a balanced amount of salts and glucose that are necessary to restore the body's hydration levels.

2. Electrolyte balance: Diarrhea can lead to an imbalance of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride in the body. ORS helps to restore the electrolyte balance, which is crucial for the proper functioning of the body.

3. Prevention of dehydration: Diarrhea can cause excessive fluid loss, leading to dehydration. ORS helps to prevent dehydration by providing the necessary fluids to the body.

4. Easy to administer: ORS can be easily prepared at home using clean water and ORS packets available in pharmacies. It can be given to people of all ages, including infants, children, and adults.

5. Cost-effective: ORS is a cost-effective solution for treating diarrhea and dehydration compared to other medical interventions.

6. Widely recommended: ORS is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first-line treatment for diarrhea and dehydration, especially in resource-limited settings.

7. Availability: ORS is readily available in most pharmacies and healthcare facilities, making it easily accessible for those in need.

In conclusion, ORS is a very helpful solution in case of diarrhea and dehydration as it helps to rehydrate the body, restore electrolyte balance, prevent dehydration, and is easy to administer. It is widely recommended and readily available, making it an effective and accessible option for treating diarrhea and dehydration.

Heat Stroke: Helpful Measures
Heat stroke is a severe condition that occurs when the body overheats due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures or physical exertion in hot weather. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Here are some helpful measures to take in case of heat stroke during the summer season:
1. Keep the patient in a cool place:
- Move the person to a shaded or air-conditioned area as soon as possible.
- If indoors, turn on fans or air conditioning to help lower the body temperature.
2. Provide fluids:
- Offer the patient plenty of cool water to drink.
- Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) can help replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
3. Remove excess clothing:
- Strip the patient down to lightweight clothing or remove unnecessary layers.
- This helps to facilitate the cooling process.
4. Apply cool water or ice packs:
- Wet the person's skin with cool water or place ice packs on the neck, armpits, and groin areas.
- This helps to lower body temperature.
5. Use a fan or misting device:
- Use a fan or misting device to create air movement and evaporative cooling.
- This can provide temporary relief until medical help arrives.
6. Monitor vital signs:
- Keep an eye on the patient's pulse, breathing rate, and body temperature.
- If the condition worsens or the person loses consciousness, seek immediate medical assistance.
Remember, heat stroke is a medical emergency, and it is crucial to seek professional medical help as soon as possible. These measures can provide temporary relief while waiting for medical assistance but should not replace proper medical care.

Mosquito spreads which of the following disease?
- A: Malaria
- B: Dengue
- C: Chikungunya
- D: All of these
Answer: D. All of these
Explanation:
Mosquitoes are known to transmit several diseases, and the options provided are all diseases that can be spread by mosquitoes. Here is a detailed explanation of each disease:
- Malaria: Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
- Dengue: Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes. It can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild flu-like illness to severe dengue fever, which can be life-threatening.
- Chikungunya: Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans by infected Aedes mosquitoes. It causes fever and severe joint pain, often in the hands and feet, and can lead to long-lasting joint pain.
Mosquitoes are vector insects, meaning they can carry and transmit various diseases from person to person. It is important to take preventive measures such as using mosquito repellents, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites to reduce the risk of these diseases.

Reflex Action: Withdrawal of Hand while Touching a Hot Article
- A reflex action is an involuntary and automatic response to a stimulus.
- It is controlled by the spinal cord without the involvement of the brain.
- The withdrawal of the hand while touching a hot article is a classic example of a reflex action.
- Here's a detailed explanation of why it is a reflex action:
1. Sensory Receptor:
- The sensory receptors in the skin detect the heat from the hot article.
2. Sensory Neurons:
- The sensory neurons transmit the information from the sensory receptors to the spinal cord.
3. Spinal Cord:
- The spinal cord serves as the center for reflex actions.
- It receives the sensory information and immediately sends a signal to the muscles in the arm.
4. Motor Neurons:
- The motor neurons carry the signal from the spinal cord to the muscles responsible for withdrawing the hand.
5. Muscle Contraction:
- Upon receiving the signal, the muscles contract rapidly, causing the hand to be pulled away from the hot article.
6. No Involvement of the Brain:
- In this reflex action, the brain is not involved in the decision-making process.
- The signal sent by the spinal cord bypasses the brain, ensuring a quick and automatic response.
In summary, the withdrawal of the hand while touching a hot article is a reflex action because it is an involuntary and automatic response controlled by the spinal cord without the involvement of the brain.