Test: Environment And Its Conversation - 1 - Class 5 MCQ

Coal, natural gas, petrol, and diesel are a source of petrochemicals.
Explanation:
- Petrochemicals are chemicals derived from petroleum or natural gas.
- Coal, natural gas, petrol, and diesel are fossil fuels that are derived from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
- When these fossil fuels are processed or refined, they can be used as a source of petrochemicals.
- Petrochemicals are used in various industries for the production of plastics, synthetic fibers, rubber, dyes, detergents, fertilizers, and other chemical products.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option B: Petrochemicals.
- Option A, Agrochemicals, refers to chemicals used in agriculture such as fertilizers and pesticides, which are not derived from coal, natural gas, petrol, or diesel.
- Option C, Both (a) and (b), is incorrect because coal, natural gas, petrol, and diesel are not a source of agrochemicals.
- Option D, None of these, is also incorrect as petrochemicals are indeed derived from coal, natural gas, petrol, and diesel.

Statement Analysis and Explanation:
Statement A: Too much hunting increases the number of animals in forests.
- This statement is incorrect. Hunting generally reduces the number of animals in forests, as it involves killing animals.
- Hunting can disrupt the natural balance of predator-prey relationships and lead to a decline in the population of certain species.
Statement B: Using sewers and treatment plants to remove human waste help in reducing pollution.
- This statement is correct.
- Sewers and treatment plants play a crucial role in removing human waste and treating it before it is released into the environment.
- This helps in reducing pollution, as untreated human waste can contain harmful pathogens and pollutants that can contaminate water sources and harm ecosystems.
Statement C: Carbon black in some aerosols increases the amount of heat reflected back by the earth.
- This statement is incorrect. Carbon black is a form of soot and is known to absorb heat rather than reflect it.
- The presence of carbon black in aerosols can contribute to global warming by absorbing solar radiation and trapping heat in the atmosphere.
Statement D: Burning coal, petroleum, and natural gas release nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen that trap heat in the earth.
- This statement is incorrect. Burning coal, petroleum, and natural gas release carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O).
- These greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to the phenomenon known as global warming.
- Oxygen is not a greenhouse gas and does not directly trap heat.
Therefore, the correct statement is: B: Using sewers and treatment plants to remove human waste help in reducing pollution.

How can toxic chemicals in the soil harm?
Toxic chemicals in the soil can have various harmful effects. Here are the details:
1. Absorption by food plants:
- The toxic chemicals present in the soil can be absorbed by the food plants grown in it.
- These chemicals can accumulate in the plants' tissues, making them unfit for consumption.
- When humans or animals consume these contaminated plants, it can lead to various health issues and illnesses.
2. Contamination of groundwater:
- Toxic chemicals in the soil can seep into the groundwater, polluting it.
- This contaminated groundwater can then be used for drinking or irrigation purposes, posing a risk to human health and the environment.
3. Air pollution:
- Some toxic chemicals in the soil can evaporate into the air through a process called volatilization.
- These chemicals can contribute to air pollution, affecting the air quality in the surrounding areas.
- Inhaling these pollutants can lead to respiratory problems and other adverse health effects.
4. Harm to wildlife and ecosystem:
- Soil toxicity can have detrimental effects on the wildlife and ecosystem.
- Animals that come into contact with or consume contaminated soil can suffer from health problems and even death.
- The presence of toxic chemicals can disrupt the balance of the ecosystem, affecting the survival and behavior of various organisms.
5. Soil degradation:
- High levels of toxic chemicals can lead to soil degradation and reduced fertility.
- The presence of these chemicals can disrupt the natural processes in the soil, affecting its structure and nutrient content.
- This can result in poor crop yield and loss of agricultural productivity.
In conclusion, toxic chemicals in the soil can harm by contaminating food plants, polluting groundwater, causing air pollution, harming wildlife and the ecosystem, as well as contributing to soil degradation. It is crucial to address and mitigate soil toxicity to protect human health and the environment.

Saving Electricity: Detailed Solution
Introduction:

Saving electricity is crucial in today's world to reduce energy consumption and protect the environment. By adopting energy-efficient practices, we can contribute to a sustainable future. Here are some effective ways to save electricity.

Solutions:

• Using LED bulbs: LED bulbs are more energy-efficient than traditional incandescent bulbs. They consume less electricity and have a longer lifespan, making them an excellent choice for lighting.


• Optimizing heating and cooling: Proper insulation, sealing air leaks, and using programmable thermostats help in reducing energy consumption. It is advisable to turn on the heater during winter only when necessary and set the temperature at an optimal level.


• Unplugging electronics and appliances: Many devices continue to consume electricity even when they are not in use. Unplugging them or using power strips with an on/off switch can prevent this standby power loss.


• Using natural light: Utilizing natural light during the day reduces the need for artificial lighting, thus saving electricity. Keep curtains and blinds open to maximize the sunlight entering the room.


• Using energy-efficient appliances: When purchasing new appliances, look for energy-efficient models with high Energy Star ratings. These appliances are designed to consume less electricity without compromising on performance.


• Smart power management: Enable power-saving features on devices like computers, laptops, and televisions. Adjust the settings to automatically turn off or go into sleep mode when not in use for a specified period.


• Reducing water heater temperature: Lowering the temperature of your water heater can significantly reduce electricity consumption. A temperature of 120°F (49°C) is usually sufficient for most households.


• Conserving energy in the kitchen: Use energy-efficient cooking appliances, such as induction stoves, and avoid opening the oven frequently, as it leads to heat loss and increased energy usage.

Conclusion:

By implementing these energy-saving practices, we can effectively reduce our electricity consumption and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future. It is essential for individuals and communities to prioritize energy conservation for the benefit of the environment and future generations.

The correct option to fill the blanks in the given paragraph is option D. Let's break down the solution:
1. More and more ______(i)_____: This blank refers to the continuous process of construction resulting in the increase of certain elements. Looking at the options, option D provides an image of construction workers building a structure, which aligns with the given context.
2. _____(ii)_____ of large quantities of waste formed by it in the landfill areas: This blank refers to the outcome of the construction process, which is the accumulation of waste in landfill areas. Option D provides an image of a landfill area, indicating the proper filling for this blank.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Answer:
The correct answer is Pumice.
Explanation:
When lava cools quickly on the Earth's surface, it forms a type of rock called Pumice. Pumice is known for its light and porous texture, which makes it suitable for various uses such as body scrubbers and floor polishers. Here is some more information about the options mentioned in the question:
- Gneiss: Gneiss is a metamorphic rock that forms from the recrystallization of pre-existing rocks under high pressure and temperature. It does not match the description of the light rock mentioned in the paragraph.
- Pumice: Pumice is a volcanic rock that forms when lava with high gas content cools rapidly, trapping gas bubbles in the rock. Its light and porous texture make it ideal for applications like body scrubbers and floor polishers.
- Basalt: Basalt is a type of volcanic rock that forms from the solidification of lava flows. While it is commonly used in construction and road building, it does not have the same light and porous texture as pumice.
- Shale: Shale is a sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of fine-grained sediments. It is not related to the formation of pumice and does not have the same properties.
Therefore, the correct answer is Pumice (B).

Condition of Turning Land Area into Desert
The condition described in the scenario, where more and more land area in Ruchi's state is turning into a desert, is called desertification. Desertification refers to the process of land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid regions, resulting in the transformation of once fertile land into desert-like conditions. Here is a detailed explanation of the condition:
Causes of Desertification:
- Climate Change: Changes in precipitation patterns, increased temperatures, and prolonged droughts contribute to desertification.
- Human Activities: Unsustainable agricultural practices, overgrazing, deforestation, and improper land management can accelerate the process.
Impact of Desertification:
- Loss of Biodiversity: Desertification leads to the destruction of habitats, causing the loss of plant and animal species.
- Soil Erosion: The topsoil gets eroded, making it difficult for vegetation to grow and reducing agricultural productivity.
- Water Scarcity: Desertification reduces water availability as rivers and groundwater sources dry up.
- Social and Economic Consequences: Desertification can lead to food and water shortages, displacement of communities, and poverty.
Prevention and Mitigation Measures:
- Sustainable Land Management: Implementing practices like terracing, contour plowing, and agroforestry to conserve soil and water.
- Reforestation and Afforestation: Planting trees and vegetation to prevent soil erosion and increase water retention.
- Water Conservation: Efficient irrigation techniques, rainwater harvesting, and water recycling can help combat desertification.
- Policy and Awareness: Implementing policies and raising awareness about sustainable land use, conservation, and responsible agricultural practices.
By understanding the causes, impacts, and prevention measures of desertification, individuals, communities, and governments can work together to combat this environmental issue and protect the land from turning into deserts.

1. Peat (1) matches with (b) Earliest type of coal:

   • Peat is the first stage in the formation of coal. It is composed of partially decayed plant material and has low carbon content compared to other types of coal. Peat is often considered the "earliest type of coal" because it represents the initial stage of coal formation before it undergoes further compression and heat to transform into more mature types of coal.

2. Anthracite (2) matches with (d) Hard coal:

   • Anthracite is the highest grade of coal, with the highest carbon content (around 86-97%) and the fewest impurities. It is also known as "hard coal" because it has a high density, is very hard, and burns with a high, consistent heat. Anthracite is considered the final stage of coal formation and is the most efficient and clean-burning type of coal.

3. Lignite (3) matches with (a) Brown coal:

   • Lignite is often referred to as "brown coal" because of its brownish color. It is the lowest rank of coal with the lowest carbon content (around 25-35%). Lignite is formed from compressed peat and is used primarily for electricity generation due to its lower energy content compared to other types of coal.

4. Bituminous (4) matches with (c) Soft coal:

   • Bituminous coal is an intermediate grade of coal between lignite and anthracite. It has a higher carbon content than lignite but lower than anthracite, making it softer than anthracite but harder than lignite. Bituminous coal is often referred to as "soft coal" because of its relatively lower hardness and higher moisture content. It is the most abundant form of coal and is widely used for electricity generation and steel production.

In summary, each match corresponds to the characteristics and stages of coal formation, with peat being the earliest form, lignite being brown and lower in carbon, bituminous being softer and more abundant, and anthracite being the hardest and most carbon-rich form of coal.

Answer:
Renewable Gas from Locally Available Raw Materials:
- Biogas is the gas that can be produced from locally available raw materials such as recycled waste dung.
- It is a renewable energy source, just like solar and wind energy.
Explanation:
Biogas is a type of gas that is produced through the process of anaerobic digestion. It is generated from organic materials such as recycled waste dung, agricultural residues, and other organic waste materials. Here is a detailed explanation of why biogas is the correct answer:
Biogas:
- Biogas is a mixture of primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). It also contains small amounts of other gases like nitrogen, hydrogen, and traces of hydrogen sulfide.
- The production of biogas involves the decomposition of organic materials in the absence of oxygen. This process is called anaerobic digestion.
- Anaerobic digestion occurs in a biogas plant or digester, where the organic materials are broken down by bacteria in a controlled environment.
- The raw materials used in the production of biogas can be locally sourced, such as recycled waste dung from livestock or other organic waste materials from agriculture or food processing industries.
- Biogas can be used as a fuel for cooking, heating, and electricity generation.
- It is considered a renewable energy source because the organic materials used in its production can be continuously replenished.
Other Options:
- LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is a fossil fuel that is derived from natural gas processing and petroleum refining. It is not produced from locally available raw materials and is not considered a renewable energy source.
- CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) is primarily composed of methane and is derived from natural gas reserves. While it is a cleaner-burning fuel compared to gasoline or diesel, it is not produced from locally available raw materials and is not considered a renewable energy source.
- Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, are gases that trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere. They are not produced from locally available raw materials and are not considered renewable energy sources.
In conclusion, biogas is the correct answer as it can be produced from locally available raw materials like recycled waste dung and is a renewable energy source, similar to solar and wind energy.