CBT CE Full Test - 2 - Railways MCQ

Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat means in the presence of air.

Composition and metallurgy of rail steel

Carbon content of rail steel can go up to a maximum of 0.82 % and manganese content up to a maximum of 1.7 %. The normal rails are made of steel containing 0.7% C and 1% Mn, which are called as Carbon-Manganese rail steel.

• Vice Admiral G Ashok Kumar, AVSM, VSM assumed charge as Vice Chief of the Naval Staff on 30 Jan 2019.
• Kumar has held various Staff and Command assignments during his distinguished naval career spread over more than three decades.
• He is an alumnus of National Defence Academy, Khadakvasla, Pune and was commissioned into the Executive Branch of the Indian Navy on 01 Jul 1982.

The various indicators of air pollution are:
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Ozone
Peroxyl Nitrate
Suspended particulate matter
Soiling Index

Note:
Soiling Index is the measurement of visibility interference in the atmosphere. It is also known as Smoke Index or Coefficient of Haze.

Concept:
Group Index of the Soil (GI)
GI = 0.2a + 0.005ac + 0.01bd
where
a = (P - 35) ≯ 40
b = (P -15) ≯ 40
c = (W_L - 40) ≯ 20
d = (I_P - 10) ≯ 20
where
P = Percentage fines passing from 0.074 mm sieve.
W_L = Liquid Limit
I_P = Plasticity Index

Calculations:
G.I. = (0.2 × 20) + (0.005 × 20 × 20) + (0.01 × 30 × 10)
G.I. = 4 + 2 + 3 = 9

Invar is an alloy composed of Iron, nickel, and Carbon where Iron is a major component with 63%, nickel with 36% and Carbon with 1%. Invar is an alloy used for making clocks and scientific instruments because of its property of negligible coefficient of expansion.

Web browser

• A browser is a software application used to enable computers users to locate and access web pages
• Browser translates the basic HTML code that allows us to see image, text video and listen to audios on the website, along with hyperlinks that let us travel to different web pages
• The Web utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Firefox, to access web documents called web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks

Some commonly used web browsers are:

• Internet Explorer: Internet Explorer (IE) is a web browser from Microsoft
• Firefox: Firefox is a free, open-source web browser from Mozilla
• Google Chrome: Google Chrome is a free, open source web browser developed by Google
• Opera: Opera is a free, fast, small and standard - compliant web browser developed by the Opera Software company
• Netscape: Netscape was the first commercial web browser

Web browser: A browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display content of Web pages, images, video and other files. The browser contacts the Web server and requests information and Web server sends the information back to the Web browser which displays the results on the computer.

Some commonly used web browsers are:

• Internet Explorer: Internet Explorer (IE) is a web browser from Microsoft
• Firefox: Firefox is a free, open-source web browser from Mozilla
• Google Chrome: Google Chrome is a free, open source web browser developed by Google
• Opera: Opera is a free, fast, small and standard - compliant web browser developed by the Opera Software company
• Netscape: Netscape was the first commercial web browser

The typical steps in a conventional wastewater treatment follows the sequence is

Screening – Sedimentation – Aerobic oxidation – Disinfection – Discharge

The four processes of wastewater treatment are:

1. Preliminary Treatment
   Screening (screeners, grit chambers, and skimming tanks)
2. Primary Treatment
   Sedimentation (basically involves the process of sedimentation or settling),
   Chemical-aided Sedimentation
3. Secondary or Biological Treatment
   Activated sludge process
   Aerated lagoons         
   Sequencing batch reactor
   Aerobic digestion
   Trickling filters
   Rotating biological contractors
4. Tertiary or Advanced Treatment
   Solids removal
   Biological nitrogen removal
   Biological phosphorus removal
   Disinfection.

Detailed estimate is the most accurate method and consist of working out the quantities of each of item of works and working the cost. The dimensions are taken directly from the drawings and quantities of each item are calculated. Finally abstracting and billing is done.

This is prepared in two stages.
1. Details of measurements and calculation of quantities
2. Abstract of Estimated Cost

In the first stage, the quantity, availability, and transportation of materials parameters is being analyzed.

In the second stage, the total abstract of the above analysis is shown.

• The IUPAC name of sec-Butyl chloride is 2-Chlorobutane.

The process of softening of water through Zeolite method become expensive due to presence of iron and manganese compound because iron and manganese zeolite cannot be regenerated back to sodium zeolite.

Noise pollution may cause or contribute to the following adverse effects:

• anxiety, stress, nervousness, nausea, headache,
• emotional instability,
• argumentativeness,
• increase in social conflicts
• depression and fatigue
• Insomnia as a result of lack of undisturbed and refreshing sleep

γ^' = submerged unit weight of soil = γ_sat - γ_w
γ_w= unit weight of water
i_cr = 1

Elastomeric adhesives are based on natural rubbers, silicones, acrylonitrile butadiene (nitrile), neoprene, Butyl, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene

Thermoplastic adhesives are based on polyamides, cyanoacrylates, polyacrylates, polyvinyl acetate (PVA).

Thermosetting adhesives are based on epoxies, polyesters, polyimides and phenolics.

One-part adhesive are based on epoxies, urethanes, polyimides, acrylics, cyanoacrylates, urethanes, RTV silicones, urethanes.

The generations of computers are characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.

The various generations of computers are listed below:

3Ds Max is not available for MAC, Linux, and Android operating system.

3Ds Max can be easily run on Windows

Resection is a method of plane table surveying in which location of a plane table is unknown. Location of a plane table is determined by looking it to known points. It can be determined through:

1. Two-point problem
2. Three-point problem

Blasting Powder contains, 65% saltpetre (KNO₃), 20% sulphur and 15% charcoal.

Dynamite contains 75% nitro-glycerine, absorbed in 25% of sandy earth.

Nitrocellulose or Gun cotton made by saturating cotton with nitric acid.

Cordite contains nitro-glycerine. It is a powerful, smokeless explosive.

The Curing of a concrete for long time ensures better

1. amount of moisture for continued hydration
2. development of strength,
3. volume stability,
4. resistance to freezing and thawing, and
5. abrasion and scaling resistance

The Poisson’s model that accounts for nonuniformity of flow which is derived by assuming the random pattern of vehicle arrivals at a specified point is given by

where
P(n) = probability of having n vehicles arrive in time t,
λ = average vehicle flow or arrival rate in vehicles per unit time,
t = duration of the time interval over which vehicles are counted, and
e = base of the natural logarithm (e = 2.718).

For end B is fixed so carry over factor is 1/2
Therefore,
Moment developed at end B,

Hence, maximum strain energy is for Cantilever beam.

Saturation capacity: The amount of water required to fill up the pore spaces in soil particles by replacing all air held in pore spaces is known as saturation capacity.

Field capacity: Field Capacity is the amount of soil moisture or water content held in the soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has decreased.

Available moisture: The difference in water content of the soil between field capacity and permanent wilting is known as available moisture.

As per IS: 800 - 2007, Clause 10.5.2.3, Table 21

A virus is a program that can infect other programs by modifying them to include a possibly evolved copy of itself.

Some of the common types of viruses are:

• Boot Sector Virus: A boot sector virus displaces the boot record and copies itself to the boot sector i.e. where the program to boot the machine is stored. 
• File Virus: A file virus generally attacks executable files. 
• Macro Virus: The virus infects an important file of MS word. As soon as the application is opened the virus gets activated. It damages the formatting of documents and may not even allow the editing or saving of documents 
• Trojan Horse: It is a code hidden in games or spreadsheets. Its main objective is to cause harm to the data. They can create a bad sector on the disk, destroy file allocation tables and cause the system to hang.
• Worm: It is a program capable of replicating itself on a computer network. It travels from one computer to another across communication links. They generally disrupt the routine services. 

Wheelbarrow, truck mixer, dumper truck, belt conveyor, pipeline etc. are the various ways concrete is transported to the construction site.

A wheelbarrow is employed for hauling concrete in the longer distance in case of concrete road construction. If the distance is long or ground is rough it is likely that the concrete gets segregated due to vibration. To avoid this, wheelbarrows are provided with the pneumatic wheel, which helps in absorbing these vibrations.

When
ELR > ALR – Superadiabatic lapse rate – Unstable Environment
ELR < ALR – Sub – adiabatic lapse rate – Stable Environment
ELR = ALR – Neutral Condition
ELR is negative – Inversion
Adiabatic Lapse Rate (ALR) is - 9.8^oC per 1000 m rise

The process of adding a finely ground, fully hydrated Portland cement to the fresh concrete in order to make high strength concrete is called seeding.

There are some more special methods of making high strength concrete and are given below

1. Revibration
2. High speed slurry mixing;
3. Use of admixtures
4. Inhibition of cracks
5. Sulphur impregnation;
6. Use of cementitious aggregates

Hydraulic Lime:

This lime contains clay and some amount of ferrous oxide. It sets under water and hence also known as water lime. Depending upon the percentage of clay Indian Standard has divided hydraulic lime in three classes namely:
Class A – Eminently hydraulic
Class B – Semi Hydraulic
Class C – Non-hydraulic (or Fat lime)