Olympiad Test: Classification - 2 - Class 5 MCQ

Arthritis specifically refers to a range of conditions that involve pain and inflammation in the joints. It includes various types, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, making it the correct answer for a disease that affects the joints.

The midbrain is the part of the brain responsible for relaying sensory impulses and controlling involuntary eye movements like pupil dilation.

The nervous system develops from the ectoderm, the outermost of the three primary germ layers in the embryo. The ectoderm also gives rise to the skin and its appendages, indicating its pivotal role in forming external as well as neural structures.

Striated tissue refers to the type of muscle tissue characterized by its striped appearance under a microscope. This includes both skeletal muscle, which controls voluntary movement, and cardiac muscle, which is found in the heart. Thus, "Muscle" is the correct answer as it encompasses these striated types.

Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue. It is specialized to support and protect various parts of the body, as well as to provide a framework that muscles can use to cause movement. Connective tissue also includes other components like blood and adipose tissue, but bone tissue is specifically structured for strength and rigidity.

• A is labeled as the Axon
• B is labeled as the Cell body
• C is labeled as the Dendrites

The correct answer from the options given is:

C: Axon, Cell body, Dendrites

This selection correctly identifies each part of the neuron:

• Axon: This is the long, slender projection of the neuron that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.
• Cell body: Also known as the soma, this is the bulbous end of a neuron, containing the cell nucleus.
• Dendrites: These are tree-like structures attached to the cell body of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons.

All the options listed—cranial nerves, ganglia, and spinal nerves—are components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS is made up of nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord and includes the cranial nerves which connect the brain directly to parts of the body, primarily the neck and head, the ganglia which are clusters of nerve cell bodies, and the spinal nerves which emerge from segments of the spinal cord to innervate the rest of the body.

- Light enters the eye through the cornea: The cornea is the eye's outermost layer, and it helps focus incoming light.
- The anterior chamber is filled with aqueous humor: This chamber, located between the cornea and the iris, contains aqueous humor, a clear fluid that nourishes the eye and maintains pressure.
- The pupil changes in size to let more or less light enter the eye: The pupil adjusts its size in response to light intensity, contracting in bright light and dilating in dim light.

All statements are true, so the correct answer is D: All of the above.

• A: Unlike the other senses, the sense of touch is not found in one particular place. This is true because the sense of touch is distributed all over the body via the skin, which contains various types of sensory receptors.
• B: Touch is detected by mechanoreceptors. This statement is also true. Mechanoreceptors in the skin respond to different mechanical stimuli such as pressure, vibration, and texture, enabling the sense of touch.

Therefore, both A and B are correct, making C the correct answer.

• A: Wiggling the toes and B: Lifting a finger are both voluntary movements controlled by the somatic nervous system. This part of the nervous system manages actions that involve skeletal muscles and are under conscious control.
• D: Beating of the heart is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the cardiac muscles, which operate involuntarily.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, as both A and B are activities controlled by the somatic nervous system.

• Effector is the correct answer because it refers to any part of the body that produces a response to a detected stimulus. Effectors can be muscles that contract or glands that secrete hormones or other substances in response to neural or hormonal signals.
• Neuron is a nerve cell responsible for transmitting information throughout the nervous system, not directly responding to stimuli.
• Receptor detects the stimuli but does not produce the response; it merely senses and transmits the signal to the nervous system for processing.

Therefore, A, Effector, is the correct choice as it is the part of the body that actually carries out the response to stimuli.

• While the entire brain could be considered the control center of the human body, the hypothalamus is specifically critical as it regulates a variety of bodily functions such as temperature regulation, thirst, hunger, sleep, mood, and the release of other hormones within the body. It acts as a link between the endocrine and nervous systems and plays a significant role in the maintenance of homeostasis.
• Nerves, Receptors, and Neurons are all important components of the nervous system, but they do not serve as the primary control centers. Instead, they are involved in transmitting and receiving signals within the body.

Therefore, the best answer is D, the Hypothalamus, as it serves a central role in controlling and coordinating many critical physiological functions.

The mucus membrane, also known as mucosa, is the correct answer. It is a type of tissue that lines various cavities in the body and covers internal organs. It is found lining the eyelids (forming the conjunctiva) and the nasal passages, where it helps to moisten and protect the surfaces. The mucus membrane secretes mucus, which is vital for trapping pathogens and particles, aiding in their removal from the body.

• Skin and Dermis refer to the layers of the skin itself, which is external and does not line internal cavities.
• Lining is a non-specific term and does not accurately describe the specialized tissue of the mucus membrane.

Thus, the correct choice is C, Mucus membrane.

Conjunctivitis, often referred to as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) that lines your eyelid and covers the white part of your eyeball. When small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed, they're more visible. This is what causes the whites of your eyes to appear reddish or pink. Symptoms typically include redness, itching, and discharge that can result in crusting around the eyes. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, allergens, or irritants.

Therefore, the correct answer is A, as conjunctivitis is indeed an eye disease.

• A: Otitis is an inflammation of the ear. This statement is true. Otitis can occur in different parts of the ear (external, middle, and inner ear), leading to symptoms such as pain, fever, and hearing problems. It is typically caused by infection.
• C: Nasal infections and constant allergies, and colds are examples of respiratory disorders. This statement is also true. These conditions affect the respiratory tract and can impact breathing, leading to various symptoms and requiring treatment related to respiratory health.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, as both statements A and C are true.