Olympiad Test: Food, Health, And Sanitation -2 - Class 4 MCQ

Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases, are illnesses that result from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic (capable of causing disease) biologic agents in an individual human or other animal host. i.e. Chicken pox

Flies spread:
A: Diarrhoea
- Flies can carry bacteria and viruses that cause diarrhoea.
- When flies land on food or surfaces that come into contact with food, they can transfer these pathogens.
- Consuming contaminated food or coming into contact with contaminated surfaces can lead to diarrhoea.
B: Stomach ache
- Flies can pick up bacteria from various sources, including rotting food, garbage, and feces.
- When flies land on our food or surfaces that come into contact with food, they can deposit these bacteria.
- Consuming food contaminated with these bacteria can result in stomach ache or gastrointestinal discomfort.
C: Cancer
- Flies do not spread cancer.
- Cancer is caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body, typically due to genetic mutations or exposure to certain carcinogens.
- Flies do not carry or transmit these cancer-causing factors.
D: Blood pressure
- Flies do not directly spread blood pressure-related issues.
- Blood pressure problems can arise due to various factors, including genetics, lifestyle choices, and underlying health conditions.
- Flies do not play a role in the development or transmission of blood pressure issues.
In conclusion, flies can spread diarrhoea and stomach ache by transferring bacteria and viruses from contaminated sources to food or surfaces. However, they do not spread cancer or directly cause blood pressure problems. It is important to maintain good hygiene practices and prevent flies from contaminating our food and living spaces to reduce the risk of illness.

Introduction:
Animal dung and other decaying matter have multiple uses in agriculture and renewable energy production. They can be transformed into useful resources that contribute to sustainable practices.
Uses of animal dung and decaying matter:
Animal dung and other decaying matter can be used to produce:
1. Manure:
- Animal dung, when decomposed, becomes organic manure.
- Manure is rich in essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are beneficial for plant growth.
- It improves soil fertility, enhances water retention capacity, and promotes healthy plant growth.
- Using manure reduces the reliance on synthetic fertilizers, making it an eco-friendly option.
2. Fertilizers:
- Decomposed animal dung can be further processed to produce organic fertilizers.
- These fertilizers are natural and free from harmful chemicals, making them safe for plants, animals, and the environment.
- Organic fertilizers improve soil structure, enhance nutrient availability, and support sustainable farming practices.
3. Biogas:
- Animal dung and other decaying matter can be used in anaerobic digestion systems to produce biogas.
- Biogas is a renewable energy source that can be used for cooking, heating, and electricity generation.
- It is a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on non-renewable energy sources.
- Biogas production from animal dung also helps in waste management by converting organic waste into a valuable energy resource.
Conclusion:
Animal dung and decaying matter have multiple uses, including the production of manure, fertilizers, and biogas. These applications contribute to sustainable agriculture practices, soil fertility, waste management, and renewable energy production. By utilizing these resources effectively, we can promote a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future.

Germs present in water can be killed by:
There are several methods to kill germs present in water. One of the most effective methods is boiling the water. When water is boiled, it reaches a temperature that is high enough to kill most types of germs and bacteria. Here are some key points to consider:
- Boiling:
- Boiling water is a simple and effective method to kill germs and make it safe for consumption.
- The high temperature achieved during boiling kills most types of bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
- Boiling water for at least one minute is recommended to ensure the complete elimination of germs.
- Boiling is particularly useful when dealing with water from unknown or unreliable sources.
- Condensation:
- Condensation is not an effective method for killing germs in water.
- Condensation is the process of converting water vapor into liquid form, but it does not eliminate germs present in the water.
- Filtration:
- Filtration is a method of removing impurities, including some germs, from water.
- However, not all filters are capable of removing all types of germs. It is important to choose a filter specifically designed for germ removal.
- Filtration alone may not be sufficient to completely eliminate all germs, and it is recommended to combine it with other methods for maximum effectiveness.
- Decantation:
- Decantation is a process of separating liquids from solids by pouring off the liquid without disturbing the sediment.
- While decantation may help in removing some visible impurities from water, it does not kill germs or remove microscopic contaminants.
In conclusion, boiling water is the most reliable method for killing germs present in water. It is important to follow proper guidelines and boil water for at least one minute to ensure its safety for consumption. Other methods such as filtration and decantation may help in removing impurities but do not eliminate germs entirely.

ORS means Oral Rehydration Solution.
Explanation:
- Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is a type of fluid replacement therapy used to treat dehydration caused by diarrhea, vomiting, or excessive sweating.
- It is a mixture of salt, sugar, and clean water that helps replace the fluids and electrolytes lost during dehydration.
- ORS is considered a safe and effective treatment for mild to moderate dehydration and is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other healthcare organizations.
- The salt and sugar in ORS help the body absorb water more effectively and restore the electrolyte balance.
- ORS is available in pre-packaged sachets or can be prepared at home using the correct proportions of salt, sugar, and water.
- It is important to follow the instructions and guidelines for preparing and administering ORS to ensure its effectiveness and safety.
- ORS is commonly used in the management of diarrhea, especially in children, as it helps prevent complications associated with dehydration.
- It is a cost-effective and easily accessible solution that can be administered at home or in healthcare settings.
- ORS should be used in combination with continued feeding, as it does not provide adequate nutrition on its own.
- It is important to seek medical attention if the symptoms of dehydration persist or worsen despite ORS administration.
In summary, ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) is a fluid replacement therapy used to treat dehydration caused by diarrhea, vomiting, or excessive sweating. It is a mixture of salt, sugar, and clean water that helps restore the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.

Loss of excess water and salt from the body is called dehydration.
Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can happen through various means, such as sweating, urination, and breathing. When the body is dehydrated, it lacks the necessary amount of water and electrolytes to function properly.
Causes of Dehydration:
- Excessive sweating: When the body sweats excessively, it loses a significant amount of water and electrolytes.
- Diarrhea and vomiting: These conditions can lead to rapid fluid loss from the body.
- Inadequate fluid intake: Not drinking enough water or other fluids can result in dehydration.
- Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can cause increased urination, leading to dehydration.
- Fever: When the body temperature rises, it can increase sweating and fluid loss.
Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration:
- Dry mouth and throat
- Dark yellow urine
- Fatigue and weakness
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Headache
- Dry skin
- Rapid heartbeat
Treatment and Prevention:
- Rehydration: Drinking plenty of water or oral rehydration solutions can help restore fluid balance in the body.
- Avoiding excessive sweating: Taking breaks in hot weather, staying in cool environments, and wearing appropriate clothing can help prevent excessive sweating.
- Drinking fluids regularly: It is important to drink water and other fluids throughout the day to prevent dehydration.
- Monitoring urine color: Dark yellow urine indicates dehydration, so it is important to increase fluid intake if the urine color is not pale yellow or clear.
- Treating underlying conditions: If dehydration is caused by an underlying medical condition, it is important to address and treat the underlying cause.
Conclusion:
Dehydration is the loss of excess water and salt from the body. It can occur due to various factors and can have detrimental effects on the body's functioning. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of dehydration and take appropriate measures to prevent and treat it.

Answer:
The disease caused by unclean surroundings and bad food habits is Diarrhoea. Here is a detailed explanation:
Unclean Surroundings:
- When the surroundings are unclean, it creates an environment for the growth of bacteria and viruses, which can contaminate food and water sources.
- Poor sanitation, lack of clean water, and improper waste management contribute to the spread of diarrhoeal diseases.
Bad Food Habits:
- Consuming contaminated food can lead to diarrhoea.
- Improperly cooked or stored food can harbor bacteria, viruses, or parasites that cause diarrhoeal diseases.
- Eating raw or undercooked meat, seafood, or eggs can also be a source of infection.
Effects of Diarrhoea:
- Diarrhoea is characterized by frequent loose or watery stools.
- It can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and malnutrition, especially in young children and the elderly.
- Severe diarrhoea can be life-threatening if not managed promptly.
Prevention:
- Maintaining clean surroundings by practicing good hygiene, proper sanitation, and waste management.
- Ensuring safe food handling and preparation, including washing hands before cooking and eating, cooking food thoroughly, and storing food properly.
- Access to clean drinking water and adequate sanitation facilities.
By following these measures, the risk of diarrhoeal diseases can be significantly reduced.

By recycling, we can achieve the following:
1. Control Pollution:
- Recycling helps in reducing pollution caused by waste materials.
- When we recycle, we reduce the need for extracting and processing raw materials, which in turn reduces air and water pollution associated with these activities.
- Recycling also reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills or incinerators, thereby minimizing the release of greenhouse gases and harmful chemicals into the environment.
2. Save Natural Resources:
- Recycling helps in conserving valuable natural resources such as timber, water, and minerals.
- By recycling materials like paper, plastic, metal, and glass, we can reduce the need for extracting and using new raw materials from the Earth.
- This helps in preserving natural habitats, reducing deforestation, and protecting ecosystems.
3. Make Useful Things from Waste Material:
- Recycling allows us to transform waste material into new products.
- By reprocessing and reusing materials such as paper, plastic, and metal, we can create new items and reduce the demand for new manufacturing.
- This not only saves resources but also reduces energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of new goods.
4. All of the above:
- Recycling encompasses all the benefits mentioned above.
- It is an effective and sustainable way to minimize waste, conserve resources, and reduce the environmental impact of human activities.
- By recycling, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier environment for present and future generations.
In conclusion, recycling plays a crucial role in controlling pollution, saving natural resources, and making useful products from waste material. It is a sustainable practice that benefits both the environment and society as a whole.

Organic waste can be disposed of by:
There are several methods for disposing of organic waste, and the most suitable method depends on the type and quantity of waste, as well as local regulations and infrastructure.
Compost pit:
- Composting is a natural process that breaks down organic waste into nutrient-rich soil.
- Organic waste such as food scraps, yard trimmings, and paper products can be composted.
- Compost pits or bins provide an environment for microorganisms to decompose the waste.
- The resulting compost can be used as a fertilizer for plants and gardens.
Drain:
- Organic waste should not be disposed of in drains.
- Pouring organic waste down the drain can cause blockages in the plumbing system and pollute water sources.
Incineration:
- Incineration is a method of waste disposal that involves burning organic waste at high temperatures.
- This process can reduce the volume of waste and generate energy.
- However, incineration can release harmful pollutants into the air and is not suitable for all types of organic waste.
None of the above:
- If none of the above methods are available or suitable, it is important to explore alternative disposal options.
- This may include contacting local waste management authorities for guidance or seeking out specialized organic waste disposal services.
In conclusion, the most effective and environmentally friendly method for disposing of organic waste is through composting. This method allows for the natural decomposition of waste and produces valuable compost for soil enrichment. It is important to avoid disposing of organic waste in drains and to consider alternative options if composting is not feasible.

Explanation:
The correct answer is B: Covered drainage system. Here's why:
Importance of proper sewage disposal:
- Proper disposal of sewage is essential in order to prevent the spread of diseases and maintain a healthy environment.
- Sewage contains harmful pathogens and bacteria that can cause diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis if not handled properly.
- Improper disposal can contaminate water sources, leading to the spread of waterborne diseases.
Why a covered drainage system is the best option:
- A covered drainage system is designed to safely carry sewage away from residential and commercial areas.
- Here are the reasons why it is the best option for sewage disposal:
1. Prevents direct exposure: A covered drainage system prevents direct contact with sewage, reducing the risk of diseases spreading through physical contact.
2. Containment of odors: The cover prevents unpleasant odors from sewage, making the environment more pleasant to live in.
3. Prevents insect infestation: A covered drainage system keeps insects and pests away, reducing the chances of disease transmission through vectors like flies and mosquitoes.
4. Prevents contamination of water sources: A covered drainage system ensures that sewage is properly treated and disposed of, preventing contamination of groundwater and nearby water bodies.
Other options and their drawbacks:
- Dustbins: Sewage should never be disposed of in dustbins as it is not designed for the proper handling and treatment of sewage. It can lead to the spread of diseases and environmental pollution.
- Soakpit: Soakpits are used for the disposal of greywater (wastewater from sinks, showers, etc.) and not sewage. They are not suitable for the disposal of sewage as it can contaminate the soil and groundwater.
- Garbage dump: Sewage should never be disposed of in a garbage dump as it can lead to environmental pollution and the spread of diseases.
In conclusion, a covered drainage system is the best option for the proper disposal of sewage as it ensures the containment and safe treatment of sewage, preventing the spread of diseases and environmental pollution.