Olympiad Test: Fundamentals Of Computer - 1 - Free MCQ with solutions

Servers are computers that provide resources to other computers connected to a Network.

A computer network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources.

The system unit is a part of the computer that consists of primary devices. It performs operations and solves complex calculations. It includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and other components, as well as the case in which these devices are housed. Hence it houses all the critical parts of a desktop PC.

Therefore, option D is correct.

Programmers and administrators used Mainframe MIPS to determine the speed and performance of a mainframe. MIPS is an acronym for Millions of Instructions Per Second

Supercomputer performance is measured in floating point operations per second (FLOPS)

A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing.

The PDP-8 is a 12-bit minicomputer that was produced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It was the first commercially successful minicomputer, with over 50,000 units being sold over the model's lifetime.

The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computer of all time

A microcomputer is now primarily called a personal computer (PC), or a device based on a single-chip microprocessor. Common microcomputers include laptops and desktops

The clock speed measures the number of cycles your CPU executes per second, measured in Gigahertz or Megahertz 

It selects and retrieves instructions from the main memory in proper sequence and interprets them so as to activate the other functional elements of the system at the appropriate moment

The first instructions that the computer executes during the boot up process are typically stored in the ROM BIOS (Read-Only Memory Basic Input/Output System). These instructions are responsible for initializing the hardware components and preparing the computer for operation.

During the boot up process, the computer follows a specific sequence of steps to start up and load the operating system. The first instructions that the computer needs to execute are stored in the ROM BIOS, which is a firmware chip located on the motherboard. Here is a detailed explanation of the boot up process:

• Power On: The computer is powered on by pressing the power button.


• POST (Power On Self Test): The ROM BIOS performs a series of tests to check the hardware components, including the memory, CPU, and storage devices. It ensures that all the components are functioning correctly.


• Initialization: After the POST is completed, the ROM BIOS initializes the hardware components by configuring them and setting them to their default states.


• Boot Device Selection: The ROM BIOS checks the boot device order specified in the BIOS settings. It looks for a bootable device, such as a hard drive or a USB drive, to load the operating system from.


• Boot Loader: Once a bootable device is found, the ROM BIOS transfers control to the boot loader, which is a small program stored on the boot device. The boot loader is responsible for loading the operating system into memory.


• Operating System: The boot loader loads the operating system into memory and transfers control to the kernel, which is the core of the operating system. The kernel then takes over and initializes the remaining software components.


• Autoexec and Config: The AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files were used in the MS-DOS and early Windows operating systems to configure the system and execute specific commands during the boot up process. However, in modern operating systems, such as Windows 10, these files are no longer used.

In conclusion, the first instructions that the computer executes during the boot up process are stored in the ROM BIOS. These instructions are responsible for initializing the hardware components and starting the boot up sequence.

Track: each surface of each platter is divided into concentric rings called tracks

Tracks are divided into sectors. A sector is the smallest memory unit on the disk.

Operating system (OS) – a software that controls and coordinates the computer hardware devices and runs other software and applications on a computer. I

• Database Management Software: This software is used for organizing and managing data in databases. It allows users to create, modify, and query databases.


• Word Processing Software: This software is used for creating, editing, and formatting text documents. It includes features like spell check, formatting options, and document templates.


• Desktop Publishing System: This software is used for creating and designing publications, such as brochures, flyers, and magazines. It offers advanced layout and design tools.


• Object Code Generation Software: This software is used for converting source code into object code, which can be executed by a computer. It is typically used in programming and software development.

Embedded software, often called firmware, permanently resides in its dedicated hardware creating a single embedded system

In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer or automaton.

Registered Jack-11

More commonly known as a modem port, phone connector, phone jack, or phone line, the Registered Jack-11 (RJ-11) is a four or six-wire connection for telephone and modem connectors in the US

Utility programs are those application programs that assist the computer by performing housekeeping functions like backing up disk or scanning, Cleaning viruses or arranging information, Disk defragmenter, Compression utility, etc