Olympiad Test: NetworKing - 1 - Class 8 MCQ

Explanation:
The technology that has a central device which brings all the signals together is the Star topology. In the Star topology, all devices are connected to a central device called a hub or a switch.
Here is a detailed explanation of the Star topology:
Definition:
The Star topology is a network architecture where all devices are connected to a central device, which acts as a hub or a switch. This central device brings all the signals together and manages the communication between the devices in the network.
Characteristics:
1. Central Device: The central device in a Star topology is responsible for managing the flow of data between the connected devices.
2. Point-to-Point Connection: Each device in the network has a separate connection to the central device, creating a point-to-point connection.
3. Scalability: The Star topology is highly scalable as new devices can be easily added to the network by connecting them to the central device.
4. Reliability: In case of a failure in one device or connection, only that specific device or connection is affected, while the rest of the network remains functional.
Advantages:
- Easy to Install and Manage: The Star topology is easy to set up and manage as the central device simplifies the network configuration.
- Fault Isolation: The failure of one device or connection does not affect the rest of the network, making it easier to identify and fix issues.
- Scalability: The network can be easily expanded by adding more devices to the central device.
- High Performance: The dedicated connection between each device and the central device provides high-speed data transfer.
Disadvantages:
- Dependency on Central Device: The network heavily relies on the central device, so if it fails, the entire network can be affected.
- Cost: The Star topology can be more expensive to implement compared to other topologies, as it requires a central device and separate connections for each device.
In conclusion, the Star topology is a network technology that uses a central device to bring all the signals together and manage communication between devices. It offers easy installation, fault isolation, scalability, and high performance, but it also has dependencies on the central device and can be more expensive to implement.

Technology that brings computers together to share data or resources:
There are several technologies that allow computers to share data or resources. The most common one is a network, which connects multiple computers and devices together. Here is a detailed explanation of this technology:
1. Network:
- A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together to share data and resources.
- It allows computers to communicate with each other and share information.
- Networks can be wired or wireless, depending on the type of connection used.
- Examples of networks include local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).
2. Interconnection:
- Interconnection refers to the process of connecting multiple computers or networks together.
- It enables the sharing of data and resources between different systems.
- Interconnection can be achieved through wired connections like Ethernet cables or wireless connections like Wi-Fi.
3. Intercontinental:
- Intercontinental refers to connections that span across continents.
- It involves interconnecting different networks or systems located in different geographical locations.
- Intercontinental connections typically rely on long-distance communication technologies like undersea cables or satellites.
4. Interuniversity:
- Interuniversity connections specifically refer to the networking between different universities or educational institutions.
- It allows universities to share resources, collaborate on research, and exchange information.
Overall, the technology that brings a number of computers together to share data or resources is a network. It enables communication and collaboration between computers, allowing them to work together efficiently.

Answer:
Introduction:
In the world of networking and communication, various types of cables are used to transmit data. While most cables use magnetic signals to transmit data, there is one type of cable that uses light instead. This cable is known as an optical fiber.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of why optical fibers use light to transmit data instead of magnetic signals:
1. Optical fibers:
- Optical fibers are composed of a transparent core made of glass or plastic, surrounded by a cladding material.
- They are designed to transmit light over long distances.
- Light signals are used to carry data through the fiber optic cable.
2. Light transmission:
- Optical fibers use a principle known as total internal reflection to transmit light signals.
- When light enters the fiber at a certain angle, it reflects off the inner walls of the core and continues to travel down the cable.
- This bouncing of light ensures that it stays within the core and reaches the destination without significant loss.
3. Benefits of using light:
- Light signals have several advantages over magnetic signals used in traditional cables:
- Higher bandwidth: Light signals can carry a larger amount of data compared to magnetic signals.
- Faster transmission: Light travels at a much higher speed than electrical signals, resulting in faster data transmission.
- Less interference: Optical fibers are immune to electromagnetic interference, ensuring a reliable and secure transmission.
- Longer distances: Light signals can travel longer distances without significant signal degradation.
Conclusion:
In summary, optical fibers use light to transmit data instead of magnetic signals. This technology offers numerous advantages such as higher bandwidth, faster transmission, less interference, and longer transmission distances. Optical fibers are widely used in telecommunications, internet connectivity, and other high-speed data transmission applications.

Computers attached to a network are called nodes or workstations.
Nodes:
- Nodes refer to any device connected to a network.
- They can be computers, servers, routers, switches, printers, etc.
- Nodes communicate with each other through the network to share data and resources.
Workstations:
- Workstations are individual computers used by users to perform tasks.
- They are typically personal computers or laptops.
- Workstations are connected to the network to access shared resources, such as files, applications, and printers.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: Both a or b.
- Computers attached to a network can be referred to as nodes or workstations, depending on their role and functionality.
- Nodes encompass all devices connected to the network, while workstations specifically refer to the computers used by users for their tasks.

Computer in Networking

In the context of networking, the computer that performs specific tasks to serve other computers in the network is called a server. It plays a crucial role in managing network resources, providing services, and facilitating communication between different devices.

Key Points:

• Workstation: While workstations are computers connected to a network, they primarily focus on individual user tasks and do not provide services to other computers.


• Server: Servers are dedicated computers designed to provide services, manage network resources, and facilitate communication between devices in a network.


• Mainframe: Mainframes are powerful computers designed for handling large-scale data processing and complex computing tasks. They are typically used in organizations with high processing requirements.


• None of these: This option does not apply as the correct answer is B: Server.

In summary, the computer in networking that is specifically responsible for serving other computers and managing network resources is called a server.

The placement of different nodes in a network is called Topology.

Topology refers to the physical or logical layout of a network. It defines how the nodes, devices, and connections are arranged and organized in a network.

Explanation:

The placement of different nodes in a network, also known as network topology, is an essential aspect of network design. It determines how the devices in a network are connected and how data flows between them. Here are some key points to explain the concept of network topology:

• Topology: The term "topology" refers to the arrangement and interconnection of nodes or devices in a network.


• Physical Topology: It defines the actual physical layout of the network, including the placement of devices, cables, and connections.


• Logical Topology: It defines how data flows in a network, regardless of the physical layout. It determines the path data takes from one node to another.


• Types of Network Topologies: There are various types of network topologies, including bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid topologies. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.


• Topology Considerations: When designing a network, factors such as scalability, reliability, cost, and performance need to be considered.


• Network Components: Nodes in a network can include computers, servers, routers, switches, and other network devices.

In conclusion, the placement of different nodes in a network is referred to as network topology. It is crucial in determining how devices are connected and how data flows within the network.

Bus Topology

• In bus topology, all nodes are connected to a common medium called a bus.


• The bus is a single cable or wire to which all devices are connected.


• All data transmitted by any device is received by all other devices on the bus.


• Each device has a unique address, and the devices take turns to transmit data on the bus.


• Advantages of bus topology include:




• Easy to install and implement.


• Requires less cable length compared to other topologies.


• Cost-effective for small networks.




• Disadvantages of bus topology include:




• If the bus fails, the entire network can be affected.


• Performance can be affected when multiple devices try to transmit data simultaneously.


• Difficult to identify and troubleshoot issues in the network.

Ring Topology:
- In a ring topology, each node is connected to its neighbor on both sides.
- It forms a closed loop where data travels in a circular path.
- Each node receives data from one neighbor and forwards it to the next neighbor until it reaches the destination.
- It is a type of network topology commonly used in LANs (Local Area Networks).
- The ring topology is reliable because if one node fails, the data can still reach its destination by traveling in the opposite direction.
- However, if the main cable connecting the nodes is broken, the entire network can fail.
Bus Topology:
- In a bus topology, all nodes are connected to a common cable called a bus.
- Each node receives data from the bus and checks if it is the intended recipient.
- If not, the data continues to travel along the bus until it reaches the correct node.
- However, in a bus topology, each node can only communicate with one other node at a time, leading to potential network congestion.
- If the main bus cable is damaged or disconnected, the entire network can fail.
Mesh Topology:
- In a mesh topology, each node is connected to every other node in the network.
- This creates multiple paths for data to travel, increasing redundancy and reliability.
- Mesh topologies can be either full mesh, where every node is connected to every other node, or partial mesh, where only some nodes have direct connections to others.
- Mesh topologies are highly fault-tolerant because even if one or multiple nodes fail, data can still be routed through alternative paths.
- However, mesh topologies require more cabling and can be more expensive to implement compared to other topologies.
Tree Topology:
- In a tree topology, nodes are arranged in a hierarchical structure resembling a tree.
- The top node is called the root, and it branches out to multiple levels of child nodes.
- Each node in the tree has a unique parent except for the root node.
- Data travels from the root node to the child nodes and can also be transmitted between child nodes.
- However, in a tree topology, if the root node fails, the entire network can be affected.
- Tree topologies are commonly used in Wide Area Networks (WANs) or hierarchical organizations.
Therefore, the correct answer is Ring Topology where each node is connected to its neighbor on both sides.

Answer:
The combination of Bus and Star Topology is called the Tree Topology. In this topology, multiple star topologies are connected together in a hierarchical structure, with a central bus connecting them.
Here is a detailed explanation of the Tree Topology:
1. Bus Topology: In a Bus Topology, all devices are connected to a central cable called a "bus". All data transmitted by one device is received by all other devices on the bus.
2. Star Topology: In a Star Topology, each device is connected to a central hub or switch. All data transmitted by one device is received by the central hub, which then forwards it to the appropriate destination device.
3. Combination: To create a Tree Topology, multiple star topologies are connected together using a central bus. Each star topology is connected to the central bus, creating a hierarchical structure.
4. Advantages: The Tree Topology offers several advantages, including better scalability, fault tolerance, and ease of troubleshooting. It allows for the expansion of the network by simply adding more star topologies to the central bus.
5. Disadvantages: However, the Tree Topology also has some limitations. If the central bus fails, the entire network can be affected. Additionally, the hierarchical structure can lead to increased latency and slower data transmission.
In conclusion, the combination of Bus and Star Topology results in the Tree Topology, which provides a scalable and fault-tolerant network structure.

PAN Stands for:
A: Personal Area Network
- PAN stands for Personal Area Network.
- It refers to a network that connects devices within a relatively small area.
- It is designed for personal use, such as connecting devices like smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other personal devices.
- PANs can be wireless or wired, depending on the technology used.
- Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are commonly used wireless technologies for PANs.
B: Personal Area Node
- Personal Area Node is not a valid acronym for PAN and does not have any relevant meaning in the context of networking.
C: Pacific Area Node
- Pacific Area Node is not a valid acronym for PAN and does not have any relevant meaning in the context of networking.
D: Pacific Area Network
- Pacific Area Network is not a valid acronym for PAN and does not have any relevant meaning in the context of networking.
Conclusion:
- The correct answer is A: Personal Area Network, which refers to a network that connects devices within a relatively small area for personal use.