Olympiad Test: NetworKing - 2 - Class 8 MCQ

Network Confined to a Local Area

A network that is confined to a local area is known as a Local Area Network (LAN).

LAN Definition:

• LAN stands for Local Area Network.


• It is a network that connects devices within a limited geographical area such as a home, office, or school.


• LANs are typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single organization.


• LANs allow for the sharing of resources such as files, printers, and internet connections among connected devices.


• LANs are usually characterized by high data transfer rates and low latency.

Examples of LAN:

• A small office network connecting computers, printers, and servers.


• A home network connecting laptops, smartphones, and smart devices.


• A school network connecting computers in classrooms and administrative offices.

In contrast to a LAN, other types of networks include:

Personal Area Network (PAN):

• A PAN is a network that connects devices within the immediate vicinity of an individual, usually within a range of 10 meters.


• Examples of PAN include Bluetooth connections between a smartphone and a wireless headset or a computer and a wireless mouse.

Wide Area Network (WAN):

• A WAN is a network that spans a large geographical area, often connecting LANs or other networks over long distances.


• WANs are typically provided by telecommunication companies and can include connections such as leased lines, satellite links, or internet connections.


• Examples of WAN include the internet, corporate networks connecting branch offices, or connections between cities or countries.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):

• A MAN is a network that spans a metropolitan area, typically connecting multiple LANs or other networks within a city or town.


• MANs are usually owned and operated by service providers or municipalities.


• Examples of MAN include city-wide Wi-Fi networks or fiber optic networks connecting different parts of a city.

Therefore, the correct answer is A: LAN.

Answer:

The largest network spread across countries is called the Internet.

Explanation:
The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and devices that allows for the transmission and exchange of information. It is the largest and most widely used network in the world. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Definition of the Internet:
- The Internet is a global network that connects millions of computers and devices worldwide.
- It is a decentralized network, meaning there is no central authority controlling it.
- It allows for the transfer of data, communication, and access to various online services and resources.
2. Features of the Internet:
- Wide reach: The Internet spans across countries and continents, connecting people and devices globally.
- Accessibility: It is accessible to anyone with an internet connection, allowing for information sharing and communication on a global scale.
- Interconnectedness: The Internet connects various networks, including local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs), forming a vast global network.
- Scalability: The Internet has the ability to accommodate a growing number of users and devices, making it highly scalable.
3. Importance of the Internet:
- Communication: The Internet enables communication through email, instant messaging, video calls, and social media platforms.
- Information access: It provides access to a vast amount of information and resources, including websites, online databases, and search engines.
- E-commerce: The Internet has revolutionized the way people buy and sell goods and services, with the rise of online shopping and digital transactions.
- Education and research: The Internet serves as a valuable tool for education, research, and distance learning, offering access to online courses, libraries, and academic resources.
In conclusion, the Internet is the largest network spread across countries, connecting computers and devices globally and facilitating communication, information sharing, and various online activities.

The cable that connects two or more workstations are called Transmission Media
Explanation:
Transmission media refers to the physical medium used to transmit data signals between devices. In the case of connecting two or more workstations, the cable that is used to establish this connection is known as transmission media. Here are some key points to understand:
1. Transmission Media: It is the physical pathway that carries data signals from one device to another. It can be wired or wireless.
2. Types of Transmission Media: There are different types of transmission media available, including:
- Wired media: This includes cables such as twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables.
- Wireless media: This includes radio waves, microwaves, and infrared signals.
3. Connecting Workstations: When connecting two or more workstations, a suitable transmission media is used to establish the connection. This can be achieved through the use of Ethernet cables, such as twisted pair cables or fiber optic cables.
4. Importance of Transmission Media: The choice of transmission media is crucial as it determines the speed, reliability, and distance of data transmission between workstations. Factors such as bandwidth, interference, and cost need to be considered when selecting the appropriate transmission media.
In conclusion, the cable that connects two or more workstations is referred to as transmission media. It plays a vital role in facilitating the exchange of data signals between the connected devices.

The other name of wired media is Guided Media.
Guided media refers to the physical media that is used to transmit data signals through a wired connection. It provides a guided path for the signals to travel from one point to another. The most common types of guided media include copper cables, fiber optic cables, and coaxial cables.
Here are some key points to explain the concept of guided media:
1. Definition: Guided media, also known as wired media, is a type of communication medium that uses physical cables to transmit data signals.
2. Types of Guided Media: There are several types of guided media, including:
- Copper Cables: These cables use copper wires to transmit electrical signals. They are commonly used for Ethernet connections and telephone lines.
- Fiber Optic Cables: These cables use thin strands of glass or plastic to transmit data signals in the form of light pulses. They offer high bandwidth and long-distance transmission capabilities.
- Coaxial Cables: These cables consist of a central conductor surrounded by insulation, a metallic shield, and an outer insulating layer. They are often used for cable TV and broadband internet connections.
3. Advantages of Guided Media: Some of the advantages of guided media include:
- Secure Transmission: Wired connections are less susceptible to interference and eavesdropping compared to wireless connections.
- High Bandwidth: Guided media can support high data transmission rates, making them suitable for applications that require fast and reliable connections.
- Long Distance Transmission: Fiber optic cables can transmit data over long distances without significant loss of signal quality.
4. Disadvantages of Guided Media: There are also some limitations of guided media, such as:
- Limited Mobility: Wired connections require physical cables, limiting the mobility of devices.
- Installation and Maintenance: Setting up and maintaining wired connections can be time-consuming and costly.
- Vulnerability to Physical Damage: Guided media cables are susceptible to damage from environmental factors like moisture, heat, and physical stress.
In conclusion, guided media, also known as wired media, is a type of communication medium that uses physical cables to transmit data signals. It includes copper cables, fiber optic cables, and coaxial cables, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

Wireless Media:
Wireless media refers to the transmission of data or information without the use of physical cables or wires. It relies on electromagnetic waves or signals to transmit and receive information.
Possible options:
A: Optical fiber: Optical fiber is not a wireless medium as it uses cables to transmit data through light signals.
B: Satellite: Satellites are wireless media that use radio waves to transmit signals between ground-based stations and satellite receivers.
C: Microwave: Microwaves are wireless media that use high-frequency radio waves to transmit signals over short distances.
D: Both (b) & (c): This option is correct as both satellite and microwave are wireless media.
Explanation:
Wireless media is a crucial technology in telecommunications and networking. It allows for flexible and mobile communication without the need for physical connections. In the given options, both satellite and microwave fall under the category of wireless media.
- Satellite: Satellites orbiting in space act as relay stations to transmit signals between two or more ground-based stations. They receive signals from one location and retransmit them to another location using radio waves. This wireless communication is widely used for broadcasting television signals, internet connectivity, and global positioning systems (GPS).
- Microwave: Microwaves are high-frequency radio waves that can transmit information over short distances. They are commonly used for point-to-point communication, such as wireless LANs (Local Area Networks), cellular networks, and microwave links for communication between buildings.
In conclusion, both satellite and microwave are examples of wireless media as they enable communication without the need for physical cables or wires.

Similarity to Radio or Television Signals:
- Radiowave Signal: This signal is similar to radio or television signals because they are both electromagnetic waves that can be used for communication purposes. Radiowave signals have a long wavelength and low frequency, allowing them to travel long distances without much interference. They are commonly used for broadcasting radio and television programs.
- Microwave Signal: While microwave signals can also be used for communication purposes, they are not as similar to radio or television signals as radiowave signals. Microwave signals have a shorter wavelength and higher frequency compared to radiowave signals. They are commonly used in applications such as satellite communication, wireless networks, and radar systems. However, microwave signals are not typically used for broadcasting radio or television programs.
- Satellite: A satellite is a man-made object that orbits the Earth and is used for various purposes, including communication. Satellites can receive signals from the ground and retransmit them to other locations, enabling long-distance communication. While satellites play a crucial role in transmitting radio and television signals, they are not themselves similar to radio or television signals.
- Conclusion: The correct answer is option C: Radiowave signal. Radiowave signals are similar to radio and television signals in terms of their wavelength, frequency, and use for broadcasting purposes.

MODEM stands for Modulator Demodulator.

A modem is a device that converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over telephone lines. It also performs the reverse function, converting analog signals received from the telephone lines into digital signals that can be understood by the computer.

Here's a breakdown of the term 'MODEM':

• Modulator: The modulator part of the modem is responsible for converting digital signals into analog signals. It takes the binary data from the computer and modulates it onto a carrier wave, which can then be transmitted over a communication channel.


• Demodulator: The demodulator part of the modem is responsible for converting analog signals received from the communication channel back into digital signals. It extracts the original binary data from the carrier wave so that it can be understood by the computer.

Overall, a modem enables communication between computers and the Internet or other networks by converting digital signals into a form that can be transmitted over existing infrastructure, such as telephone lines or cable lines.

So, the correct answer is Modulator Demodulator.

Device that establishes a temporary connection between the source and the destination for communication:
There are two possible options for this question: Hub and Switch. Let's discuss both of these devices and their functions:
1. Hub:
- A hub is a basic networking device that connects multiple devices in a network.
- It operates at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model.
- When a device sends data to a hub, it broadcasts the data to all devices connected to it.
- The hub does not make any intelligent decisions regarding where the data should be sent, it simply forwards the data to all connected devices.
- Since it broadcasts the data to all devices, it can cause congestion and collisions in the network.
2. Switch:
- A switch is a more advanced networking device that connects multiple devices in a network.
- It operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
- When a device sends data to a switch, the switch examines the destination MAC address of the data.
- It then forwards the data only to the device with the corresponding MAC address, instead of broadcasting it to all devices.
- This helps in reducing congestion and collisions in the network, as data is only sent to the intended destination.
So, the correct answer is D: Both a & b (Hub and Switch).
- Both a hub and a switch can establish a temporary connection between the source and the destination for communication.
- However, it is important to note that switches are more commonly used in modern networks due to their ability to make intelligent forwarding decisions based on MAC addresses.

Answer:
Device that connects dissimilar networks: Gateway
Detailed
A gateway is a device that connects dissimilar networks, allowing them to communicate with each other. It acts as an interface between different networks, translating data from one network format to another. Here is a detailed explanation of how a gateway connects dissimilar networks:
1. Definition: A gateway is a network device that provides access to another network, typically a different type of network, such as connecting a local area network (LAN) to the internet.
2. Translation of Protocols: Gateways are capable of translating protocols between different networks. They can convert data from one network protocol to another, enabling communication between networks that use different protocols.
3. Network Address Translation (NAT): Gateways often perform network address translation, which allows multiple devices on a local network to share a single internet connection. The gateway assigns unique IP addresses to each device on the local network and translates them to a single IP address when communicating with external networks.
4. Security: Gateways also provide security for the network by acting as a firewall. They can filter incoming and outgoing traffic, blocking unauthorized access and protecting the network from external threats.
5. Connectivity: Gateways can connect networks of different types, such as connecting a wired LAN to a wireless network or connecting an Ethernet network to a fiber-optic network.
6. Routing Decision: Gateways make routing decisions based on the destination IP address of the data packets. They determine the best path for the packets to reach their destination, considering factors such as network congestion, latency, and cost.
In conclusion, a gateway is the device that connects dissimilar networks, enabling them to communicate with each other by translating protocols, performing network address translation, providing security, and making routing decisions.

Device used for wireless connection to interconnect mobile phones:
There are several devices that can be used for wireless connection to interconnect mobile phones. However, the most commonly used device is Bluetooth. Here is a detailed explanation of why Bluetooth is the preferred choice:
Bluetooth:
- Bluetooth technology uses short-range radio waves to connect devices wirelessly.
- It operates on the 2.4 GHz frequency band and has a range of approximately 30 feet.
- Bluetooth is built into most mobile phones, making it a convenient and widely available option for wireless connectivity.
- It allows for the transfer of data, such as files, photos, and music, between devices.
- Bluetooth is also commonly used for hands-free calling in cars, connecting wireless headphones or speakers, and syncing devices like smartwatches with mobile phones.
- It is a secure and energy-efficient option for wireless connections.
Other options:
While Bluetooth is the most common device used for wireless connection, there are other options available as well:
- Radiowave: Radiowave technology is used for long-range wireless communication, such as radio and television broadcasting. It is not typically used for directly connecting mobile phones.
- Microwave: Microwave technology is used for high-speed wireless communication over long distances. It is commonly used for things like satellite communication and Wi-Fi networks, but not specifically for interconnecting mobile phones.
- Infrared: Infrared technology uses infrared light waves for short-range wireless communication. It was commonly used in older mobile phones for transferring data, but it has been largely replaced by Bluetooth due to its limitations in range and line-of-sight requirements.
In conclusion, Bluetooth is the device most commonly used for wireless connection to interconnect mobile phones due to its convenience, availability, and versatility.

There seems to be an error in the given answer. The correct answer would be C: Modem, not D: None of these. A modem is the device used to connect a computer to the internet or other computer networks through telephone or cable lines. Here is a detailed explanation of how a modem works and its importance in computer communication:
What is a Modem?
A modem, short for modulator-demodulator, is a hardware device that converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over telephone lines. It also performs the reverse function, converting analog signals received from the telephone lines back into digital signals that the computer can understand.
How does a Modem work?
1. Modulation: When a computer wants to send data, the modem first converts the digital information into analog signals using a process called modulation. It modulates the data by altering the frequency, amplitude, or phase of the analog carrier signal.
2. Transmission: The modulated analog signals are then transmitted over the telephone lines to the receiving modem at the other end.
3. Demodulation: Upon receiving the signals, the receiving modem demodulates the analog signals back into digital format by extracting and interpreting the original data.
4. Data Transfer: The demodulated digital signals are then delivered to the computer for processing and communication.
Importance of Modems in Computer Communication:
- Modems enable computers to connect to the internet or other computer networks through telephone lines, cable lines, or other communication channels.
- They allow users to access online resources, browse websites, send/receive emails, and engage in various online activities.
- Modems facilitate the transfer of data between computers, enabling communication, file sharing, and collaboration.
- They play a crucial role in remote access, allowing users to connect to their office networks or access their home computers from a remote location.
- Modems are also used in telecommunication systems to transmit data over long distances.
In conclusion, a modem is the device used to connect a computer to the internet or other computer networks through telephone or cable lines. It enables communication between computers by converting digital signals into analog signals for transmission and vice versa.

Device used to restore and redirect signals:
The correct answer is option A: Repeater.
Explanation:
A repeater is a device used to restore and regenerate signals in a network. It receives a weakened signal and amplifies it before sending it out again, effectively extending the range and improving the quality of the signal.
Here are some key points about repeaters:
- Function: Repeater is primarily used to extend the reach of a network signal by amplifying and retransmitting it.
- Signal Restoration: It helps to restore the strength and quality of weak or degraded signals.
- Signal Regeneration: It regenerates the signal to its original strength and quality, allowing it to travel further without degradation.
- Placement: Repeaters are typically placed at strategic points in a network where the signal strength starts to deteriorate.
- Types: There are various types of repeaters available, such as analog repeaters for analog signals and digital repeaters for digital signals.
- Usage: Repeaters are commonly used in telecommunications, computer networks, and wireless communication systems.
- Advantages: They help to overcome signal loss and improve overall network performance.
In summary, a repeater is the device used to restore and redirect signals by amplifying and retransmitting them.

Authorization
Authorization refers to the process of granting or giving permission to access or perform certain actions on a file, system, or resource. It involves verifying the identity of an individual or entity and determining their level of access or privileges.
Key Points:
- Authorization is an important aspect of security and access control in computer systems.
- It ensures that only authorized individuals or entities can access or perform certain actions on a file or resource.
- The process of authorization typically involves the following steps:
- Authentication: Verifying the identity of the user or entity requesting access.
- Authorization Rules: Establishing rules or policies that define what actions or resources a user or entity is allowed to access.
- Access Control: Enforcing the authorization rules and granting or denying access based on the user's permissions.
- Authorization can be granted at different levels, such as:
- File-level authorization: Controlling access to specific files or folders.
- System-level authorization: Controlling access to system resources or functionalities.
- Network-level authorization: Controlling access to network resources or services.
- Authorization can be based on various factors, including:
- User roles or groups: Assigning permissions based on predefined roles or groups.
- Individual user permissions: Assigning specific permissions to individual users.
- Time-based access: Granting access for a limited period of time.
- Contextual factors: Considering additional factors like location, device, or IP address.

Example:
- When you log into a website or application, you usually provide your username and password. This authentication process verifies your identity.
- Once authenticated, the system checks your authorization to determine what actions or resources you are allowed to access.
- For example, a user with administrative privileges may have authorization to access and modify all files and settings, while a regular user may only have access to their own files and limited system functionalities.
- Authorization helps ensure that sensitive information and resources are protected and only accessed by authorized individuals or entities.

Answer:
The main computer that has CPU and memory and contains all the terminals is called a Server. Here is a detailed explanation:
Definition of a Server:
A server is a computer or system that is responsible for managing network resources and providing services to clients. It is a centralized computer that has powerful processing capabilities, large amounts of memory, and storage capacity.
Key Points:
- A server acts as the main computer that controls and manages the resources of a network.
- It provides services and resources to client devices such as computers, smartphones, and tablets.
- Servers are designed to handle multiple requests simultaneously, making them suitable for large-scale operations.
- They are typically equipped with high-performance CPUs, ample memory, and large storage capacity to store and process data.
- Servers can be used for various purposes, including file sharing, email hosting, web hosting, database management, and more.
- They play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth operation of networks and the efficient delivery of services to users.
In conclusion, a server is the main computer that contains the CPU and memory and serves as the central hub for managing network resources and providing services to clients.

What does MAN stand for?

A MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network.

Detailed Explanation:

A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a type of computer network that spans a larger geographical area than a Local Area Network (LAN) but smaller than a Wide Area Network (WAN). It typically covers a city or a metropolitan area.

Here are some key points about MAN:

• Size: MAN covers a larger area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. It connects multiple LANs within a city or metropolitan area.


• Connectivity: MAN provides high-speed data transfer and communication services to businesses, organizations, and government agencies within the coverage area.


• Infrastructure: MAN is usually built using a combination of wired and wireless technologies such as fiber optic cables, microwave links, and satellite connections.


• Applications: MAN is commonly used for interconnecting offices, universities, research institutions, and other entities within a city. It enables efficient sharing of resources, collaboration, and communication.


• Service Providers: Telecommunication companies or Internet Service Providers (ISPs) often provide MAN services to businesses and organizations.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: Metropolitan Area Network.

Interfacing Facility in a Network:

In a network, the interfacing facility refers to the hardware or software components that enable communication and data transfer between different devices or systems. Among the options provided, the correct answer is D: NIC (Network Interface Card).

Explanation:
The NIC, also known as a network adapter or network interface controller, is a hardware device that connects a computer or workstation to a network. It acts as an interface between the computer and the network, allowing the computer to send and receive data over the network. Here are some key points to explain why NIC provides the interfacing facility in a network:
- Network Interface Card (NIC):
- A NIC is a physical device that is installed in a computer or workstation.
- It connects the computer to a network through a wired or wireless connection.
- The NIC handles the transmission and reception of data packets between the computer and the network.
- It converts the digital data generated by the computer into a format suitable for transmission over the network and vice versa.
- NICs are available in various forms, such as Ethernet cards, Wi-Fi adapters, and Bluetooth modules, depending on the type of network connection.

- Functionality of NIC:
- NICs provide the necessary protocols and drivers to enable communication with the network.
- They support various network technologies, such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.
- NICs have unique MAC (Media Access Control) addresses that identify them on the network.
- They can handle different network speeds and data transfer rates, such as 10/100/1000 Mbps or higher.
- NICs can be integrated into the motherboard of a computer or added as an expansion card.

- Importance of NIC:
- NICs play a crucial role in establishing connectivity and enabling communication between devices in a network.
- They allow computers and workstations to access shared resources, such as files, printers, and servers, on the network.
- NICs facilitate the transmission of data over the network, ensuring reliable and efficient communication.
- They support various network protocols and standards, enabling compatibility with different types of networks.

In conclusion, the Network Interface Card (NIC) provides the necessary interfacing facility in a network by connecting computers or workstations to the network and enabling communication and data transfer.

Mesh Topology
- Mesh topology is a network configuration where each node is connected to every other node in the network.
- In a mesh topology, there are multiple alternative routes to connect one node to another.
- This redundancy in connections provides high reliability and fault tolerance.
- If one link or node fails, the traffic can be rerouted through other available paths.
- Mesh topology is commonly used in situations where a reliable and robust network is required, such as in critical infrastructure or large-scale enterprise networks.
- The two main types of mesh topology are full mesh and partial mesh.
- In a full mesh topology, every node is directly connected to every other node.
- In a partial mesh topology, only a subset of nodes have direct connections to other nodes.
- Mesh topology can be expensive to implement as it requires a large number of connections and cables.
- However, advancements in wireless technology have made wireless mesh networks a cost-effective solution for certain applications.
- Mesh topology also provides high scalability as new nodes can be easily added to the network.
- Some examples of mesh networks include the internet backbone, military networks, and large-scale sensor networks.

Type of Network within Reachability of an Individual:

When considering the range of reachability for an individual, the type of network that falls within this range is a Personal Area Network (PAN).

Explanation:

A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a type of network that is designed for personal use and is within the range of an individual's reachability. It typically covers a small area and allows for the connection of personal devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and wearable devices. Here are some key points to consider:

• Definition: A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a network that connects devices within the range of an individual's reach, typically within a few meters.


• Range: PANs have a limited range, usually up to 10 meters or 33 feet.


• Connectivity: PANs use wireless technologies such as Bluetooth or infrared to establish connections between devices.


• Examples: Examples of PANs include connecting a smartphone to a wireless headset or pairing a laptop with a wireless mouse.


• Applications: PANs are commonly used for personal convenience and productivity, allowing individuals to connect and control their personal devices within close proximity.

In summary, a PAN is a type of network that falls within the range of reachability of an individual, allowing for the connection and control of personal devices in close proximity.

Transmission Media: Twisted Pair Cable
There are several types of transmission media used in computer networks, and one of them is twisted pair cable. Twisted pair cable is a type of transmission media that consists of two insulated wires twisted around each other in a helical form.
Advantages of Twisted Pair Cable:
- Cost-effective: Twisted pair cables are relatively inexpensive compared to other transmission media.
- Flexibility: They are flexible and easy to install.
- Widely available: Twisted pair cables are widely available, making them easily accessible for network installations.
- Immunity to interference: The twisted pair design helps in reducing electromagnetic interference and crosstalk.
Types of Twisted Pair Cable:
- Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): UTP cables do not have any shielding and are commonly used for Ethernet networks.
- Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): STP cables have additional shielding to further reduce interference and are used in environments with high levels of electromagnetic interference.
Applications:
- Twisted pair cables are commonly used in Ethernet networks for connecting computers, switches, and routers.
- They are also used in telephone systems for voice communication.
In conclusion, the transmission media that comes in pairs and twisted around each other is the twisted pair cable. It is widely used in computer networks for its cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and immunity to interference.

Answer:
The wired transmission media that is not affected by electrical and magnetic interference is optical fibre. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Optical Fibre:
- Optical fibre is a transmission medium that uses light signals to transmit data.
- It consists of a thin strand of glass or plastic called an optical fibre cable.
- The data is transmitted through the fibre cable in the form of light pulses.
- Since it uses light signals instead of electrical signals, it is not affected by electrical and magnetic interference.
- This makes optical fibre a reliable and efficient choice for transmitting data over long distances.
2. Optimum Fibre:
- There is no such thing as "optimum fibre" in the context of wired transmission media.
- It may be a typographical error or a misleading option.
3. Coaxial Wire:
- Coaxial wire consists of a central conductor surrounded by an insulating layer, a metallic shield, and an outer insulating layer.
- While it provides better resistance to interference compared to pair cables, it is still susceptible to electrical and magnetic interference to some extent.
4. Pair Cable:
- Pair cables are made up of two insulated copper wires twisted together.
- They are commonly used for telephone lines and local area networks (LANs).
- Pair cables are more susceptible to electrical and magnetic interference compared to coaxial wire and optical fibre.
In conclusion, the wired transmission media that is not affected by electrical and magnetic interference is optical fibre. It is a reliable choice for transmitting data over long distances without the risk of interference.