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Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Mathematical Logic- 1

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Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 1

Which of the following is/are tautology:​

Detailed Solution for Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 1

(a) (a v b)→(b ∧ c)
= (a + b)'+ bc
= a' b' + bc
Therefore, ((a v b) → (b ∧ c)) is contingency and not tautology.
(b) (a ∧ b) →(b v c)
= ab → b + c
= (ab)' + b + c
= a' + b' + b + c
= a' + 1 + c
= 1
So ((a ∧ b) →(b v c)) is tautology,
(c) (a v b)→ (b → c)
= (a + b) → (b' + c)
= (a+ b)' + b' + c
= a' b' + b' + c 
= b' + c
So ((a v b) → (b → c)) is contingency but not tautology.
(d) (a → b) → (b→ c)
= (a' + b) → (b' + c)
= (a' + b) + b' + c
= ab' + b' + c
= b' + c
Therefore; ((a → b) → (b → c)} is contingency but not tautology.

Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 2

​If the proposition¬ p ⇒ q is true, then the truth value of the proposition ¬ p v (p ⇒ q), where ¬ is negation, 'v' is inclusive or and '⇒’ is implication, is

Detailed Solution for Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 2


Now since ¬ p → q is given true, we reduce the truth table as follows:

In the reduced truth table we need to find the truth value of ¬ pv(p→q} = p' +(p → q)
≡ p' + p' + q ≡ p' + q
The truth value of p' + q in the reduced truth table is given below:

Since in the reduced truth table also, the given expression is sometimes true and sometimes false, therefore the truth value of proposition ¬p v (p → q) can not be determined.

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Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 3

Let a, b, c, d be propositions. Assume that the equivalence a ⇔ ( bv ¬ b) and b ⇔ c hold. Then the truth-value of the formula (a ∧ b) → (a ∧ c) v d is always

Detailed Solution for Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 3

a ⇔ (b v ¬ b ) 
a ⇔ 4 True
So a is true, i.e. a = 1
b ⇔ c holds. So b = c
Now the given expression is
(a ∧ b) → ((a ∧ c) v d) ≡ (a - b ) → ((a . c) + d)
Putting a = 1 in above expression we get 
1 • b → ((1 • c) + d) 
≡ b→ c + d
≡ b' + c+ d
Now putting b = c in above expression we get 
≡ c' + c+ d=1 + d=1
So the expression is always true.

Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 4

The following propositional statement is 
(P → (Q v R)) → (( P ∧ Q) → R)

Detailed Solution for Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 4

(P → (Q v R)) → ((P ∧ Q) → R)
≡ (P→ Q+ R) → (PQ → R)
≡ [P' + Q + R] → [(PQ)' + R]
≡ [P' + Q + R] → [P' + Q' + R]
≡ (P' + Q + R)' + P' + Q' + R 
≡ PQ' R' + P' + Q' + R
≡ Q' + Q' PR' + P' + R
≡ Q' + P' + R (by absorption law)
Which is a contingency (i.e. satisfiable but not valid).

Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 5

A logical binary relation is defined as follows:

Let ~ be the unary negation (NOT) operator, with higher precedence, than Which one of the following is equivalent to A ∧ B?

Detailed Solution for Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 5

By using min terms we can define 



∴ Only, choice (d) = A ∧ B
[Note: This problem can also be done by constructing truth table for each choice and - comparing with truth table for A ∧ B]

Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE about formulae in Conjunctive Normal Form?

Detailed Solution for Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 6

In conjunction normal form, for any particular assignment of truth values, all except one clause will always evaluate to true. So, the proportion of clauses which evaluate to true to the total number of clauses is equal to 
Now putting 
All of these proportions are ≥ 1/2 and so choice (a) atleast half of the clauses evaluate to true, is. the correct answer.

Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 7

The binary operation is defined as follows:

Which one of the following is equivalent to P v Q?

Detailed Solution for Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 7

The given table can be converted into boolean function by adding mrnterms corresponding to true rows.

Since there is only one false in the above truth table, we can represent the function P Q more efficiently, in conjunctive normal form.
Translates P Q = P + Q' (the max -term corresponding to the third row, where the function is false).
Now, we can easily translate the choices into boolean algebra as follows:

As we can clearly see only choice (b)  is equivalent to P+ Q.

Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 8

Consider the following well-formed formulae:

Which of the above are equivalent?

Detailed Solution for Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 8


Clearly, choices I and IV are equivalent.

Clearly II and III are not equivalent to each other or to I and IV.

Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 9

Which one of the following is NOT logically e quivalent to 

Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 10

The CORRECT formula for the sentence, "not all rainy days are cold” is

Detailed Solution for Test: Mathematical Logic- 1 - Question 10

 

 

In other words it says ``Some rainy days are not cold" 

Given statement is
¬∀d[R(d)→C(d)]

≡¬∀d[¬R(d)∨C(d)
≡∃d[R(d)∧¬C(d)]

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