GATE Civil Engineering (CE) 2027 Test: Highway Development & Planning Train

(i) Length of National Highways (NH)
= Area of the country/50
(ii) Length of State Highways (SH)
= Area of the state/25
= 62.5 x number of towns in the state - Area of the state/50
(iii) Length of the Major District Roads (MDR)
= Area of the State/12.5
= 90 x number of towns in the state
(iv) Total length of all categories of roads in a district i.e.
NH + SH + MDR + ODR + VR 
= Area of District x 0.82

After the first World War, motor vehicle using the roads increases. Jayakar Committee was thus, formed and recommended-
Road development should be a national interest.
 An extra tax should be levied on petrol from road users to create the road development fund Central Road Fund
To establish a semi-official, technical institution to pool technical knowledge, sharing of ideas to act as an advisory body Indian Road Congress
To create a national level institution to carry research, development works and constitution CRRI (Central Road Research Institute)

Creation of Central Road Fund -1929
National Highway Act -1956
Formation of Indian Road Congress - 1934
Creation of Highway Research Board - 1973

• Role: The Indian Road Congress (IRC) is a semiofficial body established for the purpose of controlling and standardizing roads and bridges in India.


• Functions: The IRC plays a crucial role in formulating and implementing standards for road construction, maintenance, and safety.


• Guidelines: It provides guidelines and recommendations for the design, construction, and maintenance of roads and bridges to ensure quality and safety standards are met.


• Research and Development: The IRC also promotes research and development in the field of road engineering to keep pace with technological advancements.


• Training: It conducts training programs and workshops for engineers and professionals in the road construction industry to enhance their skills and knowledge.


• Consultation: The IRC acts as a consultative body for the government and other stakeholders in matters related to road infrastructure development.

• Nagpur road plan: The road plan in Nagpur has recommended the use of a specific road pattern type.


• Recommended pattern: The recommended pattern is the star and grid pattern.


• Reasoning: This pattern allows for efficient traffic flow and organization of roads in a structured grid-like format.


• Benefits: The star and grid pattern helps in reducing congestion, improving navigation, and overall enhancing the transportation system in Nagpur.


• Implementation: By following this road pattern type, Nagpur can ensure a more systematic and organized layout for its road network.

• Nagpur road plan formulae take into account the towns with very large population: This statement is incorrect as the Nagpur road plan formulae do not specifically target towns with very large populations. The plan focuses on developing road infrastructure in a systematic and efficient manner.


• Nagpur road plan has a target road length of 32 km per 100 square km: This statement is incorrect as the target road length in the Nagpur road plan is not specified as 32 km per 100 square km. The plan aims to improve connectivity and accessibility through strategic road development.


• Second 20 year plan has provided 1600 km of expressways out of the proposed National highway: This statement is correct. The Second 20-year plan includes the development of 1600 km of expressways as part of the proposed National highway network. This initiative aims to enhance transportation efficiency and connectivity.


• Second 20 year plan allowed deduction of length of railway track in the area while calculating the length of roads: This statement is incorrect. The Second 20-year plan does not deduct the length of railway tracks in the area while calculating the length of roads. The plan focuses on expanding road infrastructure to meet the growing demands of the region.

Given: Type of Locomotive: 2-8-2
Load on each driving axle: 22.5 tonnes
Coefficient of rail-wheel friction: 0.25

To find: Hauling capacity of the locomotive

Assumptions:

• The locomotive is moving on a level track.
• The weight of other parts of the train (like wagons) is negligible compared to the weight on the driving axles of the locomotive.

Formula: Hauling capacity = (Load per driving axle) x (Number of driving axles) x (Coefficient of friction)

Calculation: Load per driving axle = 22.5 tonnes
Number of driving axles = 4 (2 in front and 2 at the back)
Coefficient of friction = 0.25

Hauling capacity = 22.5 x 4 x 0.25 = 22.5 tonnes

Therefore, the hauling capacity of the locomotive is 22.5 tonnes.

Explanation: The hauling capacity of a locomotive is the maximum load it can pull on a level track, without slipping or losing traction. The formula for hauling capacity takes into account the load on each driving axle, the number of driving axles, and the coefficient of friction between the rail and the wheel. In this case, the locomotive has 4 driving axles, each with a load of 22.5 tonnes, and the coefficient of friction is 0.25. Plugging these values into the formula gives the hauling capacity of the locomotive as 22.5 tonnes.

Hauling capacity = 0.2 x 22 x 3 = 13.2t

Maximum load pulled

In India, station yards are designed with a minimum gradient of 1 in 1000 primarily for drainage purposes. This gradient ensures that rainwater and other water accumulation can easily drain away, preventing waterlogging and maintaining the operational efficiency of the station yard.

Correct Answer:
d) easy draining of water of station yards