MCQ : Diversity In Living Organisms - 2 - Class 9 MCQ

Specialized tissue for conduction of water:
The correct answer is option C: (iii) and (iv) - Pteridophyta and Gymnosperms
Explanation:
- The specialized tissue for the conduction of water is called xylem.
- Xylem is present in higher plants and is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.
- Thallophyta (option i) and Bryophyta (option ii) are lower plants and do not have a well-developed vascular system with specialized tissues for water conduction.
- Pteridophyta (option iii) includes ferns and horsetails, which have a well-developed vascular system with xylem and phloem for the conduction of water and nutrients.
- Gymnosperms (option iv) include plants like conifers and cycads, which also have a well-developed vascular system with specialized xylem tissue for water conduction.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option C: (iii) and (iv) - Pteridophyta and Gymnosperms.

Binomial System of Nomenclature
The binomial system of nomenclature is a method used to give scientific names to organisms. It was developed by the Swedish botanist and physician Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century. According to this system, every organism is given a unique scientific name consisting of a generic name and a specific name.
Key Points:
- The scientific name of an organism is written in Latin or Latinized form.
- The generic name is a noun that represents the genus to which the organism belongs.
- The specific name is an adjective that describes a characteristic or habitat of the organism.
- The scientific name is always written in italics or underlined when handwritten.
- The generic name is capitalized, while the specific name is written in lowercase.
- The scientific name is internationally recognized and remains the same regardless of language or region.
Example:
- Homo sapiens is the scientific name for humans, where "Homo" represents the genus and "sapiens" represents the species.
- Canis lupus is the scientific name for the gray wolf, where "Canis" represents the genus and "lupus" represents the species.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the binomial system of nomenclature assigns every organism a unique scientific name consisting of a generic name and a specific name. This system allows for easy identification and classification of organisms across different languages and regions.

Corals are Cnidarians that live in colonies.
Corals are a type of marine invertebrate that belong to the phylum Cnidaria. They are well-known for their ability to form large colonies, which are made up of numerous individual coral polyps. Here is a detailed explanation of why the correct answer is option D:
1. Cnidarians:
- Corals are classified as cnidarians, which is a diverse group of animals that also includes jellyfish and sea anemones.
- Cnidarians are characterized by the presence of specialized cells called cnidocytes, which contain stinging structures called nematocysts.
2. Colonial Lifestyle:
- Corals live in colonies, which are formed by the aggregation of individual coral polyps.
- Each coral polyp is a small, cylindrical animal that secretes a calcium carbonate skeleton, which contributes to the formation of coral reefs.
3. Polyp Structure:
- Each coral polyp consists of a central mouth surrounded by tentacles.
- The tentacles contain cnidocytes that are used for capturing prey and defending against predators.
4. Symbiotic Relationship:
- Corals have a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellae.
- The algae live within the tissues of the coral polyps and provide them with nutrients through photosynthesis.
5. Coral Reefs:
- Coral colonies can grow over time and form massive structures known as coral reefs.
- Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, providing habitat for a wide range of marine organisms.
In conclusion, corals are cnidarians that live in colonies, forming complex and diverse ecosystems known as coral reefs. They play a crucial role in marine environments and are of great ecological importance.

Whittaker's Classification:
- Whittaker's classification is a system developed by biologist Robert Whittaker in 1969 to categorize organisms based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships.
- It is a five-kingdom system that categorizes organisms into five major groups or kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Unicellular Eukaryotic Organisms:
- Unicellular eukaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms that have a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
- They are distinct from prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria, which lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Grouping in Whittaker's Classification:
- Unicellular eukaryotic organisms are grouped under the kingdom Protista in Whittaker's classification.
- The kingdom Protista includes a diverse group of organisms that do not fit into the other four kingdoms.
- Protists can be both unicellular and multicellular, but the unicellular ones are particularly classified under this kingdom.
- Examples of unicellular eukaryotic organisms in the kingdom Protista include amoebas, paramecia, and euglenas.
Summary:
- In Whittaker's classification, unicellular eukaryotic organisms are grouped under the kingdom Protista.
- This kingdom includes a wide range of unicellular and multicellular organisms that do not fit into the other four kingdoms (Monera, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia).
- Unicellular protists such as amoebas, paramecia, and euglenas are examples of unicellular eukaryotic organisms in the kingdom Protista.

Characteristics of an insect:
- Bilateral symmetrical body
- Body with jointed legs
- Cylindrical body
- Body with little segmentation

To determine if the observed animal is an insect, we need to choose the characteristic from the given options that confirms it is an insect.
- Bilateral symmetrical body: This characteristic alone cannot confirm if the animal is an insect or not, as there are other organisms that also possess bilateral symmetry.
- Body with jointed legs: This characteristic confirms that the observed animal is an insect. Insects have a segmented body with jointed legs, which allows them to move and adapt to their environment.
- Cylindrical body: While insects may have a cylindrical body, this characteristic alone is not sufficient to confirm if the animal is an insect or not.
- Body with little segmentation: This characteristic is common in insects, as they have a segmented body with distinct body parts.
Therefore, the characteristic from the given options that confirms that the observed animal is an insect is Body with joint leg (Option B).

Explanation:
The correct order of the biological hierarchy from Kingdom to Species is:
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Here is a breakdown of the correct order:
1. Kingdom: The highest level of classification, organisms are grouped into five kingdoms - Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera.
2. Phylum: Within each kingdom, organisms are further divided into different phyla based on their body plans and characteristics.
3. Class: Within each phylum, organisms are further divided into different classes based on additional characteristics.
4. Order: Within each class, organisms are further divided into different orders based on more specific characteristics.
5. Family: Within each order, organisms are further divided into different families based on even more specific characteristics.
6. Genus: Within each family, organisms are further divided into different genera based on shared characteristics.
7. Species: Within each genus, organisms are further divided into different species based on their ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Therefore, the correct order is Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (Option B).

Characteristics of Pteridophyta:
- Pteridophyta is a division of plants that includes ferns and fern allies.
- They are seedless vascular plants, meaning they have vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) to transport water and nutrients, but they do not produce seeds.
Parts of a Plant:
A plant typically consists of several parts, including roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. However, in the case of Pteridophyta, they do not have flowers.
Explanation:
- The options given are root, stem, flowers, and leaves.
- Pteridophyta have roots, stems, and leaves like other plants, but they do not produce flowers.
- Flowers are reproductive structures found in angiosperms, which are a different division of plants.
- Pteridophyta reproduce through spores rather than flowers and seeds.
Conclusion:
- Pteridophyta have roots, stems, and leaves, but they do not have flowers.
- Therefore, option C, "flowers," is the correct answer.

Explanation:

The taxonomic unit 'Phylum' is used in the classification of animals, while the equivalent hierarchical level in the classification of plants is called 'Division.'

Reasoning:

In biological taxonomy, organisms are classified into a hierarchical system based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships. The hierarchy consists of several levels, with each level representing a different taxonomic unit.

For animals, the taxonomic unit 'Phylum' represents a major category that groups together organisms with similar body plans and characteristics. Examples of animal phyla include Chordata (vertebrates), Arthropoda (insects), and Mollusca (snails).

For plants, the equivalent hierarchical level to 'Phylum' is called 'Division.' It represents a major category that groups together plants with similar characteristics and evolutionary relationships. Examples of plant divisions include Magnoliophyta (flowering plants), Coniferophyta (conifers), and Bryophyta (mosses).

Summary:

In the classification of animals, 'Phylum' is the taxonomic unit used, while in the classification of plants, the equivalent hierarchical level is called 'Division.'

Real organs are absent in Coelenterata.
Coelenterata, also known as Cnidaria, is a phylum of animals that includes jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals. These organisms have a relatively simple body structure and lack specialized organs found in more complex animals. Here is a detailed explanation of why real organs are absent in Coelenterata:
1. No digestive system: Coelenterates have a central cavity called the gastrovascular cavity, which serves both as a digestive and circulatory system. However, they lack a true digestive system with specialized organs such as a stomach or intestines.
2. No respiratory system: Coelenterates do not possess specialized organs for respiration, such as lungs or gills. Instead, they rely on simple diffusion of gases through their body surface or specialized structures like the tentacles in jellyfish.
3. No circulatory system: Coelenterates lack a well-developed circulatory system with a heart or blood vessels. Nutrients and oxygen are transported through the gastrovascular cavity and diffuse directly to the cells.
4. No excretory system: Coelenterates do not possess organs for excretion, such as kidneys. Waste products are eliminated through simple diffusion or expelled through the mouth.
5. No nervous system: While coelenterates have a network of nerve cells called a nerve net, they lack a central nervous system with a brain or specialized sense organs.
6. No reproductive organs: Coelenterates reproduce both sexually and asexually, but they do not have specialized reproductive organs like gonads. Instead, they release eggs and sperm into the water, where fertilization occurs externally.
It is important to note that while Coelenterata lacks specialized organs, they still possess basic physiological processes necessary for survival. Their simple body structure and lack of complex organs allow them to thrive in various marine environments.

The broadest category of organism in biological taxonomy is Kingdom.

The hierarchical classification of organisms in biology is known as taxonomy. It helps scientists organize and categorize living organisms based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships. The broadest category in this classification system is the Kingdom.

Explanation:

Biological taxonomy classifies organisms into several levels, or taxa, based on their shared characteristics. The hierarchy of taxa, from broadest to most specific, is as follows:

• Kingdom: The highest level of classification, grouping organisms based on their overall similarities. There are currently five recognized kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera.


• Phylum: The second level of classification, dividing organisms within a kingdom based on certain shared characteristics.


• Class: The third level of classification, further dividing organisms within a phylum based on additional shared characteristics.


• Order: The fourth level of classification, separating organisms within a class based on more specific characteristics.


• Family: The fifth level of classification, grouping organisms within an order based on even more specific characteristics.


• Genus: The sixth level of classification, categorizing organisms within a family based on their similarities.


• Species: The most specific level of classification, representing a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Therefore, the broadest category of organism in biological taxonomy is the Kingdom. It is the highest level of classification and provides a general overview of the major groups of organisms based on their shared characteristics.

Answer:

Group of animals in which coelom is filled with blood:

• Arthropods: Coelom in arthropods is not well-developed and is often filled with blood, known as hemocoel.


• Annelida: In annelids, the coelom is well-developed and filled with coelomic fluid, not blood.


• Nematoda: Nematodes have a pseudocoelom, which is a fluid-filled space, but it is not filled with blood.


• Echinodermata: Echinoderms have a coelom, but it is not filled with blood. They have a water vascular system instead.

Therefore, the correct answer is Arthropods (option A).

Plant Classification: Gymnosperms
- The plant in question bears sporophylls in compact structures called cones, which is a characteristic feature of gymnosperms.
- Gymnosperms are a group of plants that produce seeds not enclosed in a fruit.
- They are well adapted to extreme conditions such as cold climates and dry environments.
- Gymnosperms are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes.
- The cones produced by gymnosperms contain the reproductive structures, such as the male pollen cones and the female seed cones.
- Examples of gymnosperms include conifers (such as pine, spruce, and fir trees), cycads, ginkgo, and gnetophytes.
- Gymnosperms are an ancient group of plants that have been around for millions of years and played a significant role in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems.
- They are important for their ecological roles, providing habitat, food, and resources for various organisms.
- Gymnosperms also have economic importance as they are used for timber, paper, and horticultural purposes.
Therefore, based on the characteristics mentioned, the plant in question belongs to the group of Gymnosperms.

To determine which organisms without a nucleus and cell organelles belong to, let's analyze the given options:
Option (a): Fungi
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, meaning they have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Therefore, fungi do not belong to this category.
Option (ii): Protista
- Protista is a diverse kingdom that includes eukaryotic organisms with a wide range of characteristics. Some protists, such as amoebas and paramecia, do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Therefore, protists can belong to this category.
Option (iii): Cyano bacteria
- Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are prokaryotic organisms. They lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Therefore, cyanobacteria can belong to this category.
Option (iv): Archae bacteric
- Archaea are another group of prokaryotic organisms. They also lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Therefore, archaea can belong to this category.
Based on the analysis above, the correct answer is option B: (iii) and (iv) - cyano bacteria and archae bacteric. These organisms do not have a nucleus and cell organelles.

Kingdom Fungi are:
- Eukaryotic, multicellular
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, which means their cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
- They are made up of multiple cells, forming a multicellular structure.
- Examples of multicellular fungi include mushrooms, molds, and yeasts.
- Not prokaryotic or unicellular
- Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Fungi are not prokaryotic; they are eukaryotic.
- While there are some unicellular fungi, such as yeasts, the majority of fungi are multicellular.
- Fungi characteristics
- Fungi obtain nutrients by absorbing organic matter from their environment.
- They reproduce through the production of spores.
- Fungi play crucial roles in ecosystems, as decomposers, symbionts, and as a food source for other organisms.
In conclusion, Kingdom Fungi are eukaryotic and multicellular organisms, with various species exhibiting a wide range of characteristics and ecological roles.

Explanation:
The question is asking for the organism in which a well-defined nucleus is absent. Let's analyze each option to determine the correct answer:
A: Blue green algae
- Blue green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, are prokaryotic organisms.
- Prokaryotes do not have a true nucleus. Instead, their genetic material is located in a region called the nucleoid, which is not surrounded by a membrane.
- Therefore, blue green algae do not have a well-defined nucleus.
B: Diatoms
- Diatoms are a type of algae, specifically classified as a type of photosynthetic protist.
- Protists are eukaryotic organisms, meaning they have a true nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane.
- Therefore, diatoms have a well-defined nucleus.
C: Algae
- The term "algae" is a general term that encompasses a wide range of organisms, including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic species.
- Some algae, such as blue green algae (cyanobacteria), do not have a well-defined nucleus.
- However, many other algae, such as diatoms, do have a well-defined nucleus.
- Without further clarification on the specific type of algae, we cannot determine if a well-defined nucleus is absent.
D: Yeast
- Yeast is a type of fungus, specifically a unicellular fungus.
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms and have a well-defined nucleus.
- Therefore, yeast has a well-defined nucleus.
Conclusion:
Based on the given options, the correct answer is A: Blue green algae. Blue green algae are prokaryotic organisms and do not have a well-defined nucleus.

Porifera:
- Porifera is a phylum of animals commonly known as sponges.
- They are multicellular organisms that lack tissues, organs, and a true body symmetry.
- Sponges are sessile filter feeders that live in aquatic environments, both marine and freshwater.
Member of Porifera:
- Spongilla: Spongilla is a member of the phylum Porifera.
- It is a genus of freshwater sponges.
- Spongilla species are commonly found in lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers.
- They have a greenish color due to the presence of symbiotic algae called zoochlorellae.
- Spongilla sponges are known for their ability to filter water and retain organic particles for food.
Other options mentioned:
- Euglena: Euglena is not a member of Porifera. It is a genus of single-celled organisms belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa.
- Penicillium: Penicillium is a genus of fungi belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. It is not a member of Porifera.
- Hydra: Hydra is not a member of Porifera. It is a genus of small, simple, predatory animals belonging to the phylum Cnidaria.
Therefore, the correct answer is a. Spongilla, which is a member of Porifera.

To determine which among the given options have scales, let's examine each option individually:
(i) Amphibians:
- Amphibians include creatures like frogs, toads, and salamanders.
- They do not have scales.
- Instead, they have smooth, moist skin.
(ii) Pisces:
- Pisces refers to fish.
- Fish have scales covering their body.
- The scales help protect the fish and reduce water resistance.
(iii) Reptiles:
- Reptiles include animals like snakes, lizards, and turtles.
- They have scales covering their body.
- The scales provide protection and help retain moisture.
(iv) Mammals:
- Mammals include animals like humans, dogs, and cats.
- Mammals do not have scales.
- Instead, they have hair or fur covering their body.
From the above analysis, we can conclude that:
- Amphibians do not have scales.
- Pisces (fish) have scales.
- Reptiles have scales.
- Mammals do not have scales.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: (ii) and (iii) - (ii) Pisces and (iii) Reptiles have scales.

To determine which organisms without a nucleus and cell organelles belong to, we need to analyze the characteristics of each given option.
Fungi:
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, meaning they have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- They do not fit the description of organisms without a nucleus and cell organelles.
Protista:
- Protists are also eukaryotic organisms and possess a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- They do not belong to the category of organisms without a nucleus and cell organelles.
Cyanobacteria:
- Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms, lacking a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- They fit the description of organisms without a nucleus and cell organelles.
Archaebacteria:
- Archaebacteria are also prokaryotic organisms, lacking a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- They also belong to the category of organisms without a nucleus and cell organelles.
Based on the above analysis, the correct answer is (D) (ii) and (iii), as Protista and Archaebacteria are the organisms without a nucleus and cell organelles.

To determine which of the options is not an Annelid, we need to identify the characteristics of Annelids and compare them to the given options. Annelids are a phylum of segmented worms characterized by their segmented bodies and bristle-like structures called setae. Let's analyze each option:
A: Nereis
- Nereis is a type of marine polychaete worm.
- Polychaetes are a class of Annelids.
- Therefore, Nereis is an Annelid.
B: Earthworm
- Earthworms are a type of terrestrial worm.
- Earthworms belong to the class Oligochaeta, which is a class of Annelids.
- Therefore, Earthworms are Annelids.
C: Leech
- Leeches are a type of segmented worm.
- Leeches belong to the class Hirudinea, which is a class of Annelids.
- Therefore, Leeches are Annelids.
D: Urchins
- Urchins, also known as sea urchins, are marine animals.
- Urchins belong to the phylum Echinodermata, not the phylum Annelida.
- Therefore, Urchins are not Annelids.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis, option D (Urchins) is the one that is not an Annelid.

Locomotory Organs of Echinodermata:
The locomotory organs of Echinodermata are tube feet. These tube feet play a crucial role in the movement and locomotion of echinoderms, which include animals like starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. Here is a detailed explanation of how tube feet function as locomotory organs:
1. Structure of Tube Feet:
- Each tube foot consists of a muscular sac, called the ampulla, which is connected to a long, thin tube, called the podium.
- The podium extends from the ampulla and ends in a sucker-like structure, which helps in attachment to surfaces.
2. Hydraulic System:
- Tube feet function through a hydraulic system. The ampulla contracts and relaxes, forcing water in and out of the tube foot.
- When the ampulla contracts, water is squeezed out of the ampulla into the podium, extending the tube foot.
- When the ampulla relaxes, water is drawn back into the ampulla, retracting the tube foot.
3. Attachment and Movement:
- The sucker-like structure at the end of each tube foot allows echinoderms to attach to various surfaces, such as rocks or other organisms.
- By alternately extending and retracting their tube feet, echinoderms can move in various directions.
- The tube feet can also be used for feeding, capturing prey, or manipulating objects.
4. Coordination:
- Echinoderms have a decentralized nervous system, and coordination of tube foot movement is achieved through a network of nerves.
- This allows for coordinated movement and control of multiple tube feet simultaneously.
In conclusion, tube feet are the primary locomotory organs of Echinodermata. They provide echinoderms with the ability to move, attach to surfaces, and perform various functions related to feeding and manipulation. These specialized structures and their hydraulic system enable echinoderms to thrive in their marine environments.