Important Questions (1 mark): People As Resource - Class 9 MCQ

Non-economic Activity

A non-economic activity refers to an activity that is not motivated by financial gain or profit. It involves actions that are not related to the production, distribution, or consumption of goods and services. Non-economic activities are often performed for personal satisfaction, social welfare, or personal fulfillment. One example of a non-economic activity is a mother doing household work. Let's break down the options and analyze them:

Option A: Mother doing household work
- This is a non-economic activity as it is not driven by financial gain but rather by the need to maintain a clean and organized home and take care of the family.
Option B: Washerman washing clothes of people
- This is an economic activity as the washerman provides a service and receives payment in return for washing clothes.
Option C: Chef cooking food in the hotel
- This is an economic activity as the chef is employed by the hotel and receives a salary in exchange for cooking food.
Option D: All of these
- This option is incorrect as not all of the activities mentioned are non-economic. Only option A, the mother doing household work, is a non-economic activity.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option A: Mother doing household work.

The correct option is Option D.

Non-marketing activities include things which are not economic and comprises of the exchange system. These are performed for self-consumption. For example subsistence farming, processing of primary products, etc.

Indian states with the most medical colleges include Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh.

Tertiary Sector:

The tertiary sector refers to the sector of the economy that provides services to consumers and other sectors of the economy. It is also known as the service sector.

Key Points:

• The tertiary sector is the largest and fastest-growing sector in many economies around the world.


• It includes a wide range of industries such as retail, hospitality, healthcare, finance, education, transportation, and many others.


• This sector focuses on providing intangible goods or services to satisfy the needs and wants of individuals and businesses.


• The primary sector, also known as the extraction sector, involves activities related to the extraction of raw materials from the earth, such as mining, agriculture, fishing, and forestry.


• The manufacturing sector, also known as the secondary sector, involves the transformation of raw materials into finished goods through various production processes.


• The tertiary sector complements the primary and secondary sectors by providing services that support production, distribution, and consumption.


• The growth of the tertiary sector is driven by factors such as urbanization, rising disposable incomes, technological advancements, and changing consumer preferences.


• It plays a crucial role in generating employment, promoting economic growth, and improving the standard of living.

Therefore, the correct answer is B: Service sector, as the tertiary sector is also referred to as the service sector.

Why are rural women employed in low-paid jobs?
There are several reasons why rural women are often employed in low-paid jobs:
Lack of education or necessary skills:
- Limited access to education and vocational training may result in rural women lacking the necessary skills for high-paid jobs.
- Without proper education and training, rural women may be limited to low-skilled jobs that offer lower wages.
Socio-cultural norms and restrictions:
- Some rural communities may have socio-cultural norms and restrictions that limit women's employment opportunities.
- Traditional gender roles and expectations may discourage women from pursuing high-paid jobs and instead, they are expected to engage in low-paid jobs.
Limited awareness of wage structures:
- Rural women may have limited awareness of the wage structures and job opportunities available to them.
- Lack of information and resources may prevent them from seeking higher-paid employment options.
Family obligations and responsibilities:
- Rural women may have multiple family obligations and responsibilities, such as taking care of children, elderly family members, and household chores.
- These responsibilities may limit their ability to pursue higher-paid jobs that require longer working hours or extensive commuting.
Limited job opportunities in rural areas:
- Rural areas often have limited job opportunities, especially in industries that offer higher wages.
- Limited access to transportation and infrastructure may further restrict rural women's employment options, leading them to accept low-paid jobs that are available locally.
In conclusion, rural women may be employed in low-paid jobs due to factors such as limited education or skills, socio-cultural norms, limited awareness of wage structures, family obligations, and limited job opportunities in rural areas.

Advantages of Investment in Human Capital:
A: An educated person can earn more than an uneducated person:
- Education equips individuals with knowledge and skills that are valued in the job market.
- It increases their productivity and makes them eligible for higher-paying jobs.
- As a result, educated individuals tend to have higher earning potential compared to those without education.
B: Educated parents are found to invest more heavily on the education of their child because they have realized the importance of education for themselves:
- When parents are educated, they understand the benefits of education and its impact on their own lives.
- They are more likely to prioritize their child's education and invest in educational resources, such as books, tutors, and extracurricular activities.
- This leads to better educational outcomes for their children.
C: Countries like Japan have not invested in human resources. Thus such countries are not developed/rich:
- This statement is not true. Japan is known for its significant investments in human capital, including a strong emphasis on education and skill development.
- Japan's success and economic development can be attributed, in part, to its investment in human resources.
D: Educated parents are conscious of proper nutrition and hygiene:
- Education plays a crucial role in raising awareness about the importance of proper nutrition and hygiene.
- Educated parents are more likely to understand the benefits of a balanced diet and good hygiene practices.
- They can make informed decisions regarding their family's health and well-being.
Conclusion:
The statement that countries like Japan have not invested in human resources, and thus, such countries are not developed or wealthy is not true. Japan is an example of a country that has made significant investments in human capital and has achieved economic success.

Most of the people of India are associated with the primary sector of the economy. This is because India has a large population which is engaged in the agricultural activities, fishing, mining, etc. Nearly 49% of the population are employed in this sector.

Answer:
The two determinants of earning by an individual in the market are as follows:
1. Education:
- Education plays a crucial role in determining an individual's earning potential.
- Higher levels of education generally lead to higher-paying job opportunities.
- Education provides individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in the workforce.
- It enhances one's ability to adapt to changing market demands and technologies.
2. Skill:
- Skills refer to the specific abilities and expertise possessed by an individual.
- Acquiring and developing relevant skills is essential for increasing earning potential.
- In-demand skills, such as programming, data analysis, or managerial skills, often command higher salaries.
- Continuous improvement and upgrading of skills help individuals stay competitive in the job market.
Together, education and skill are the two primary determinants of an individual's earning potential in the market. By investing in education and acquiring valuable skills, individuals can increase their chances of securing higher-paying jobs and achieving financial success.

Explanation:
The statement in question states that Sheela is paid for the services delivered for the upbringing of the family. To determine whether this statement is true or false, we need to consider the following points:
1. Sheela's role: Is Sheela responsible for the upbringing of the family? If she plays a significant role in taking care of the family members, then it is possible that she may be compensated for her services.
2. Nature of the services: What services does Sheela provide? If her services involve tasks such as cooking, cleaning, childcare, or other household chores, it is common for individuals who perform such duties to receive payment.
3. Family agreement: Has there been an agreement within the family regarding compensation for Sheela's services? If there is a mutual understanding or a formal arrangement where Sheela is expected to be paid for her contributions, then the statement may be true.
Based on the given information, it is not possible to determine the specifics of Sheela's situation. Therefore, we cannot conclusively say whether the statement is true or false.

Investment in Education, Training, and Medical Care as a Solution to Excess Population

Excess population can be seen as a burden on an economy, but with the right investment, they can become valuable human capital. One of the most effective ways to transform the excess population into an asset is by making investments in education, training, and medical care. Here's why:

1. Education:

• Investing in education equips individuals with knowledge and skills necessary for employment and productivity.


• Education helps individuals to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills, making them more valuable in the job market.


• An educated workforce contributes to innovation, economic growth, and overall development of a nation.

2. Training:

• Providing training programs to the excess population can enhance their skills and increase their employability.


• Training programs can be tailored to meet specific industry demands, leading to a better match between job seekers and available job opportunities.


• This investment helps in reducing unemployment rates and improving the overall productivity of the workforce.

3. Medical Care:

• Investing in healthcare facilities and services ensures the well-being of the excess population.


• Access to quality healthcare improves the overall health status of individuals, reducing the burden of illness and increasing productivity.


• Healthy individuals are more likely to participate actively in the workforce and contribute to the economic growth of a nation.

Therefore, by investing in education, training, and medical care, the excess population can be transformed into valuable human capital. This not only benefits the individuals themselves but also contributes to the overall development and prosperity of the economy.

Investment in Humans through Education, Training, and Healthcare Facilities
Investment in humans can be made through various means, such as education, training, and provision of healthcare facilities. This investment is crucial for the development and well-being of individuals and society as a whole. The statement "Investment can be made in humans by means of education, training, and provision of healthcare facilities" is true. Here's a detailed explanation of why:
1. Education:
- Education is a fundamental tool for personal growth and development. It equips individuals with knowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities.
- Investments in education can include building schools, providing quality teachers, developing educational resources, and ensuring access to education for all.
- Educated individuals are more likely to contribute to the economy, engage in meaningful employment, and make informed decisions about their health and well-being.
2. Training:
- Training programs enhance specific skills and knowledge required for various professions and industries.
- Investments in training can involve setting up vocational training centers, organizing skill development workshops, and providing apprenticeships.
- Well-trained individuals are better equipped to enter the job market, contribute to economic growth, and adapt to changing work environments.
3. Healthcare Facilities:
- Accessible and quality healthcare facilities are essential for the overall well-being and productivity of individuals.
- Investments in healthcare can include building hospitals, clinics, and healthcare centers, as well as providing medical equipment, medicines, and trained healthcare professionals.
- Improved healthcare leads to better health outcomes, reduced mortality rates, increased life expectancy, and a healthier workforce.
Overall, investment in humans through education, training, and healthcare facilities is vital for individual growth, societal development, and economic progress. It enables individuals to reach their full potential, contribute meaningfully to society, and lead healthier and more fulfilling lives.

Quality of Population and Factors
The quality of population refers to the overall well-being and development of individuals within a population. It is influenced by various factors, such as education, health, skills, and social and economic conditions. However, there is one point on which the quality of population does not depend, which is:
Birth of a person
- The birth of a person does not directly determine the quality of the population.
- The quality of population is not solely determined by the number of births, but rather by the factors that contribute to the well-being and development of individuals throughout their lives.
Factors Influencing Quality of Population
The quality of population depends on the following factors:
A. Literacy Rate
- Literacy rate plays a crucial role in determining the quality of population.
- Higher literacy rates indicate a more educated and informed population.
- Education empowers individuals, enhances their skills, and improves their overall well-being.
B. Health of Person
- The health of individuals is a significant factor in determining the quality of population.
- Good health ensures a productive and active population.
- Access to healthcare services, preventive measures, and a healthy lifestyle contribute to a high-quality population.
C. Skill Formation
- Skill formation is another important factor that influences the quality of population.
- Acquiring skills and knowledge through education and training programs enhances individuals' employability and productivity.
- Skilled individuals contribute to the overall development and growth of society.
In conclusion, while the birth of a person is a natural occurrence, it does not directly impact the quality of population. Factors such as literacy rate, health, and skill formation play a more significant role in determining the overall well-being and development of individuals within a population.

Explanation of Self-Consumption:
Definition:
Self-consumption refers to the utilization or consumption of goods or services by the individual or entity that produces them.
Characteristics of Self-Consumption:
Here are the main characteristics of self-consumption:
1. Non-Market Activity:
- Self-consumption is considered a non-market activity because it does not involve the exchange of goods or services for monetary value.
- It is a self-sufficient practice where individuals or entities consume what they produce without engaging in any market transactions.
2. Economic Activity:
- Self-consumption can also be considered an economic activity as it involves production and consumption of goods or services.
- While it may not directly contribute to the market economy, it still has economic implications as it reduces the need for external purchases.
3. Production Activity:
- Self-consumption involves the production of goods or services for personal or internal use.
- It can include activities such as growing one's own food, producing energy for personal consumption, or manufacturing products for personal use.
4. None of these:
- This option is incorrect as self-consumption falls under the categories of non-market activity and economic activity, as explained above.
In conclusion, self-consumption is a non-market activity and an economic activity. It involves the production and consumption of goods or services for personal or internal use.

The capacity of an individual gets enhanced by the skills he acquires. Success for a person is what determines his earnings. Success is dependent on the ‘level of education’ and the skills that are present with him.  

Education helps in shaping the personality of the person and makes him productive. The skills are the main source of human capital. The education and skills together help in forming human capital.

Secondary sector includes:
There are several activities that fall under the secondary sector, which involves the transformation of raw materials into finished goods. Some of the main activities in the secondary sector include:
1. Manufacturing: This involves the production of goods through various processes such as assembling, processing, and fabricating raw materials. Examples of manufacturing activities include the production of automobiles, electronics, textiles, and machinery.
2. Forestry: Although forestry is primarily considered a part of the primary sector, the secondary sector also includes activities related to the processing and manufacturing of forest products. This includes activities such as logging, timber processing, and manufacturing of wood products.
3. Trade: While trade is a broad term that encompasses activities across various sectors, it is also a part of the secondary sector. This involves buying and selling goods, both domestically and internationally. Activities such as wholesaling, retailing, and distribution fall under the trade sector.
4. Quarrying: Quarrying refers to the extraction of minerals and rocks from the earth's surface. This includes activities such as mining and quarrying of coal, metals, stones, and other natural resources. The extracted materials are then processed and used in various industries.
It is important to note that the classification of activities into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors may vary depending on the source and context. However, the activities mentioned above are commonly associated with the secondary sector.