The End of Bipolarity- 1 - UPSC Indian Polity Free MCQ Test with solutions

The most severe conflict took place in the Balkan republics of Yugoslavia. After 1991, it broke apart with several provinces like Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina declaring independence.

Option 1 : 1989, 1991

The End of Bipolarity Question 2 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is

The collapse of Eastern Europe in 1989 and USSR in 1991 lead to the emergence of the transitory economies.

Important Points

• The revolutions of 1989 led to a wave of revolution from the late 1980s to the early 1990s which destroyed communism in Central and Eastern Europe.
• Eastern Europe collapsed in 1989 and the USSR in 1991.
• The fall of USSR led to the rise of the floating economy.

Lithuania was the first Soviet Republic to declare its independence from Soviet Russia. This significant event occurred in 1990, marking a pivotal moment in the collapse of the Soviet Union. Key points include:

• Lithuania's declaration was a bold move that inspired other republics.
• The independence movement was supported by a strong national identity and historical context.
• This declaration set a precedent for the eventual independence of other former Soviet states.

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (born 2 March, 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician. The eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, he was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991.

The Soviet Union officially collapsed in 1991, marking the end of a significant era in global politics.

• This event followed years of political turmoil and economic challenges.
• The Cold War dynamics played a crucial role in its dissolution.
• Post-collapse, many former Soviet states became independent.

The Russian Revolution in 1917 was a pivotal event in history that led to significant political and social changes in Russia. Key points include:

• The revolution was primarily driven by the Bolsheviks, a radical political group led by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.
• It resulted in the overthrow of the Tsarist regime and the establishment of a communist government.
• The revolution sparked a civil war, leading to further upheaval and the eventual rise of the Soviet Union.

Restoration of Independence Day is a public holiday in Lithuania, always celebrated on 11 March. This holiday marks the declaration of independence from the Soviet Union on this day in 1990.

The political system of the Soviet Union was characterised by the following:

• The Communist Party had tight control over all institutions.
• No other political parties were allowed to exist independently.
• The system was neither open nor democratic.

Therefore, Correct Answer - Option C

The disintegration of the USSR had several significant effects on global politics and economics:

• Many new states emerged from the former Soviet territories.
• Power relations in world politics shifted significantly.
• The capitalist system appeared to triumph over communism.

However, Russia did not emerge as a new superpower immediately following the USSR's collapse.

With the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, the ideological and political tensions between the capitalist West (led by the U.S.) and the communist East (led by the Soviet Union) came to an end, marking the conclusion of the Cold War.

• B) Incorrect: Military alliances like NATO expanded, but the Warsaw Pact dissolved.
• C) Incorrect: Communism did not return; most countries shifted to capitalism.
• D) Incorrect: The Warsaw Pact was dissolved, not strengthened.

So, A is the correct answer.